一种含氟烷基磷酸酯类氟碳表面活性剂的复配研究

研究了含氟烷基磷酸单酯类表面活性剂[分子式为H(CF2)6CH2OPO(ONa)2,记为DFH-PS]与无机盐和普通碳氢表面活性剂的复配性能,研究结果表明,DFH-PS水溶液最低表面张力为23.73 mN/m;当NaCl浓度为0.2 mol/L时,可使DFH-PS水溶液最低表面张力下降到21.62 mN/m;阴离子碳氢表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)对该含氟表面活性剂影响显著,当n(DFH-PS)∶n(SDS)=5∶1时,可使水溶液表面张力在很低浓度时降至22.22 mN/m;与非离子表面活性剂辛基酚聚氧乙烯(10)醚(OP-10)混合,当n(DFH-PS)∶n(OP-10)=8∶1时,可使水溶液表面张力降至27.0 mN/m。     

非离子表面活性剂构效关系的研究

使用量子化学及拓扑指数等描述符,建立了非离子表面活性剂浊点的定量结构性质关系模型(QSPR).这些描述符包括相对氧原子数RnO、最高占有轨道能量EHOMO、最低空轨道能量ELUMO、O阶Kier & Hall指数KHO、价连接性指数oJ和价键连通性指数Xo.最佳模型包括4类不同结构的直链烷基聚氧乙烯醚、烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚、十二烷基聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚和支链烷基聚氧乙烯醚等65种非离子表面活性剂,复相关系数R2=0.962,与现有的模型相比,精度有了很大的提高,而且应用范围也更广.     

聚氧乙烯醚类表面活性剂生物降解度测定方法的改进

对聚氧乙烯醚类非离子表面活性剂生物降解度的测定方法———硫氰酸钴法进行了改进:三氯甲烷取代苯作为萃取剂;萃取次数从1次增加到3次;硫氰酸钴与表面活性剂的络合反应时间为15 min。实验结果表明:重复性实验的相对标准偏差<6.0%;对AEO7、Tween85和AEO30的平均回收率在97%~104%,相对标准偏差<4.0%。对原方法不宜测定的一些类型的聚氧乙烯醚类非离子表面活性剂的生物降解度进行测定,结果表明:对单EO链、单烷基链非离子表面活性剂,EO数从3~12可扩大到3~30,并能测定多个EO链、多个烷基链聚氧乙烯醚类非离子表面活性剂的生物降解度。     

表面活性剂和四烷基溴化铵的复配：Ⅱ.四乙基溴化铵对离子型表面活性剂 …

用表面张力法研究了有机电解质四乙基溴化铵（（Ｅｔ）４ＮＢｒ）对离子型表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠（ＳＤＳ）和十二烷基三甲基溴化铵（ＤＴＡＢ）在气／液表面吸附行为的影响。表明（Ｅｔ）４ＮＢｒ提高了ＳＤＳ和ＤＴＡＢ降低水溶液表面张力的效率。但（Ｅｔ）４ＮＢｒ仅提高ＤＴＡＢ降低水溶液表面张力的能力,却反而削弱了ＳＤＳ降低水溶液表面张力的能力。通常电解质对离子表面活性剂表面吸附层的影响主要来自与表面活性离子电     

表面活性剂对聚乙烯醇水溶液黏度影响的研究

研究了阴离子十二烷基硫酸钠、阳离子十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和非离子壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚等3种不同类型的表面活性剂对聚乙烯醇溶液黏度性质的影响。结果表明,离子型表面活性剂与聚乙烯醇发生疏水链相互作用使高聚物带有电荷,体系黏度增加;非离子表面活性剂与聚乙烯醇无相互作用,体系黏度不变;盐的加入,只对聚乙烯醇/离子型表面活性剂混合体系影响大,而对聚乙烯醇/非离子型表面活性剂混合体系无影响。     

烷基糖苷与其他表面活性剂的复配性能研究

以山芋淀粉作为原料,采用间接法合成,得到非离子表面活性剂烷基糖苷(APG),将其与OP-10、十二烷基硫酸钠、十六烷基三甲基溴化铵进行复配,结果表明,烷基糖苷是一种性能优异的表面活性剂。     

聚氧乙烯醚型非离子表面活性剂的乳化性能的比较研究

以环氧乙烷加成数接近9的烷基醇聚氧乙烯醚为研究对象,比较性研究了壬基环己醇聚氧乙烯醚(9)、壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10)、异构十三醇聚氧乙烯醚(9)、仲醇聚氧乙烯醚(9)以及十二醇聚氧乙烯醚(9)五种非离子表面活性剂对几种日用化学品用油及其混合物的乳化力。实验结果表明,支链化疏水基更有利于非离子表面活性剂对油的乳化,壬基环己醇聚氧乙烯醚(9)具备替代壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚(10)在日用化学品中应用的潜力。     

离子选择电极法分析非离子／阴离子表面活性剂体系

利用自制表面活性剂离子选择电极,采用电位滴定法测定了非离子表面活性剂脂肪醇聚氧乙烯醚(AEO9)与阴离子表面活性剂十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)混合溶液中的SDS浓度。当AEO9与SDS的摩尔比约小于2∶1时,可用此种方法定量测定混合体系中的SDS的浓度,与滴定单一SDS溶液的结果对照,相对误差在1%以内。     

质谱分析聚氧乙烯醚类非离子表面活性剂

介绍了聚氧乙烯醚类非离子表面活性剂的质谱,特别是电子轰击持谱（ＥＩ／ＭＳ）的裂分规律,并根据其一系列主要碎片质量和强度来判断其氧乙烯的聚合度及烷基链长。     

泡沫分离方法回收钪

采用十二烷基聚氧乙烯琥珀酸单酯磺酸钠和十二烷基硫酸钠混合物作为表面活性剂，间歇式泡沫分离回收水溶液中的钪。讨论了料液pH值、表面活性剂浓度、鼓泡气流率、离子强度和操作时间等对分离效果的影响，得到了适宜的工艺条件。     

表面活性剂-油-水体系界面张力的分子热力学模型

An interracial equation of state based on perturbation theory for surfactant-oil-water system has been developed. By comblninE the interracial equation of state with Boudh-Hir and IViansoori‘s model, a molecular thermodynamic model has been proposed. The interracial tension of surfactant-oil-water systems can be calculated from the surface tensions of pure oil and water by this model. The interfacial tension data for sodium dodecyl sulphate-heptane-water system, polyoxyethylene n-octylphenol-heptane-water system and hexadecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide-heptane-water system have been correlated. By using the adjustable parameters obtained, the interfacial tensions of these systems at other temperatures have been predicted. Both the correlated and the predicted values are sstisfactorv.     

Permeability changes of phospholipid vesicles caused by surfactants

The partition coefficient at equilibrium of different surfactants between the aqueous phase and the lipid bilayer of small unilamellar vesicle (SUV) liposome has been determined. The release of the fluorescent agent 5-(6) carboxyfluorescein from the interior of liposomes, induced by a nonionic surfactant octylphenol ethoxylated with 10 units of ethylene oxide (Triton X-100), by two anionic surfactants — sodium dodecyl sulphate and sodium dodecyl ether sulphate — and by an amphoteric surfactant dodecyl betaine was studied at sub-solubilizing concentrations. The following increasing order of the partition coefficients obtained for each surfactant can be observed: Triton X-100 > sodium dodecyl ether sulphate > sodium dodecyl sulphate > dodecyl betaine. There was a strong positive association between coefficient of partition and the ability of the different surfactants to modify the permeability of liposomes. The importance of the presence of ethylene oxide units in the molecular structure of the surfactant in relation to alter the partition coefficient in front of SUV liposomes is indicated.     

Adsorption enthalpies of sodium dodecyl sulphate onto carbon blacks in the low concentration range

Adsorption enthalpies of sodium dodecyl sulphate onto a set of carbon blacks from aqueous solutions in the low concentration range are presented. The surfactant was found to adsorb on the carbon surface exothermally in the whole studied coverage. From the calorimetric results and the analysis of the adsorption isotherms by a double Langmuir equation, a model of the adsorption mechanism in these systems is suggested. The adsorption of the surfactant onto the carbon blacks can be explained by two energetically distinct steps corresponding to the adsorption of SDS in two different types of porosity.     

Solution properties of mixed surfactant system sodium dodecyl sulfate and alkyl polyoxyethylene ether system

The effect of oxyethylene groups in a nonionic surfactant on the solution properties of anionicnonionic systems is described; these systems are sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)—hexadecyl polyoxyethylene ethers (C₁₆POE_n, where n=10, 20, 30 and 40). The degree of ionic dissociation of the mixed micelles decreases with increasing numbers of oxyethylene groups in the nonionic surfactant. As polyoxyethylene chain lengths increase, the electrical conductivities of the mixed surfactant solutions decrease, in spite of the decrease in activation energy for conduction. The radius of the mixed micelle with the electric double layer is larger for a nonionic surfactant having a shorter polyoxyethylene chain length than for one having a long polyoxyethylene chain. This may be attributed to the fact that the mixed micelle is formed more easily by a nonionic surfactant with a shorter polyoxyethylene chain length than by one with a longer chain.     

Advantage of Sodium Polyoxyethylene Lauryl Ether Carboxylate as a Mild Cleansing Agent

Five anionic surfactants widely used in commercial skin cleansers were studied: sodium polyoxyethylene lauryl ether carboxylate (EC), sodium polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate (ES), sodium dodecyl sulfate, potassium laurate, and N-cocoyl-l-glutamic acid monosodium salt. The amount of surfactant from aqueous solution adsorbed into the stratum corneum (SC), the degree of SC swelling, the change of the secondary structure of SC proteins (denaturation). The surface tension of surfactant–zein mixed solutions, and the solubilization behavior of zein were measured. Results showed that EC had the lowest adsorption into SC, the lowest SC swelling, and lowest denaturation of SC proteins. Low interactions between surfactants and SC proteins were also observed for EC/ES mixture solutions as well as. Mixing EC with ES good foaming performance. The EC/ES mixture, at about 1:1 ratio, is an excellent surfactant system for skin cleanser applications having cleansing characteristics and mildness to the skin.     

双亲水基型与普通型表面活性剂复配研究

测定了十六烷基二苯醚二磺酸钠(C16-MADS)与十二烷基二甲基氧化胺(DDAO)及与十二烷聚氧乙烯(6) 醚(AEO6)的复配体系的表面张力。研究了这两个复配体系的表面化学性质,并且将正规溶液理论应用于这两个复配体系中,来研究它们形成胶团能力、降低表面张力效率、降低表面张力能力3种协同效应。结果发现,C16- MADS/DDAO复配体系具有降低表面张力能力和降低表面张力效率的协同效应,C16-MADS／AEO6复配体系具有形成胶团能力的协同效应,还发现利用正规溶液理论可以预测它们的协同效应。     

Effect of Inorganic Additives on a Conventional Anionic–Nonionic Mixed Surfactants System in Aqueous Solution

The interaction between an anionic surfactant (sodium dodecyl sulfate) and a nonionic surfactant [polyoxyethylene (9.5) octyl phenyl ether] in aqueous salt solution was investigated using the surface tension method. The critical micelle concentration values were determined for the individual surfactants and their corresponding mixtures. The interaction parameter between the surfactants in the mixed micelles, the activity and activity coefficients in the mixed micelles, and the thermodynamic parameters were calculated using various approaches, viz., Clint, Rubingh, and Maeda models. It was observed that the critical micelle concentration of the mixed surfactants system reveals little deviation from ideality.     

Bulk and interfacial physical properties of aqueous solutions of sodium lauryl sulphate and lauryl alcohol with air and benzene system: Part I: Aqueous solutions of sodium lauryl sulphate

Experimental measurements were made of the pH, density, bulk viscosity and electrical conductivity of aqueous solutions of sodium lauryl sulphate for a wide range of concentrations at 25°C. Also, the time-dependent interfacial tension data of this system with mutually saturated benzene phases are reported. Comparison of these data with literature values shows fair agreement in the majority of the cases and further reveals the lack of data in the earlier investigations below the critical micelle concentration of sodium lauryl sulphate in water. A detailed compilation of the data, reported in the literature since 1937, of the pH, density, bulk viscosity, electrical conductivity, surface tension, interfacial tension with benzene, surface excess concentration, surface shear viscosity, diffusivity and critical micelle concentration of the sodium lauryl sulphate system is given. The importance of this anionic surfactant system together with the various factors which influence the physical properties is examined.     

改进的UNIQUAC模型在非离子表面活性剂溶液中的应用

将非离子表面活性剂划分为链节,建立了一个计算混合Gibbs自由能的分子热力学模型,对不同温度下的5个非离子表面活性剂-水体系的临界胶束浓度进行了关联,并利用得到的参数预测了不同温度下其他14个表面活性剂体系的临界胶束浓度,关联与预测结果均令人满意。与Chen-NRTL模型相比,本模型计算精度较好,具有预测功能。     

新的微乳液体系的状态方程

基于液滴变形模型,结合改进的Carnahan-Starling方程和适用于描述液滴吸引作用的Hamaker方程建立了一个微乳液体系的状态方程.运用所建立的状态方程研究了不带电微乳液体系的相平衡性质,并计算了十二烷基五氧乙烯醚-正癸烷-水体系O/W型微乳液渗透压以及二(2-乙基己基)磺酸基琥珀酸钠-正辛烷-水和二(2-乙基己基)磺酸基琥珀酸钠-正癸烷-水体系W/O型微乳液的液液相平衡,结果令人满意.