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一、编写过程 1995年初,华东理工大学开始了面向21世纪工科化工类化学系列课程改革的探索。经国内外教材和教学调查,走访北京和上海中学教学改革和教材编写组,研究工科化学系列课程面向21世纪整体改革方案,提出了一个在化学理论课程教学中以物理化学为枢纽,全面安排通用理论课程与专业理论课程的两个阶段新模式。物理化学既是化学各分支学科(无机、有机、分析、生化等)公共理论基础,又是工科(尤其是化工类)各专业必备的化学理论基础。为此对大一化学提出了新的要求:改变由无机化学起步的传统,将物理化学初步内容构成了化学原理部分,为后续化学课铺设台阶,安置接口,避免不必要的课程间的重复,并引导学生对化学理论有深入探究的欲望;进而展开现代化学知识概要介 相似文献
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目前,有这样一种倾向,似乎大学化学基础教学,特别是工科大一化学教学不足道或无出路。在一些人的眼里,最无用的人才搞大一化学教学。也有的学生反映大一化学没学头。实际上,在国内外许多著名的大学,许多著名的教授在为一年级新生讲授基础无机化学或普通化学。本文以美国研究生入学资格化学考试(GRE Chemistry Test)为例来说明大一化学在大学化学教育中的举足轻重的地位。 相似文献
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大一新生在进行弱电解质、难溶电解质及配离子所形成的电对的标准电极电势计算时存在畏难心理,且学习效果不理想。针对这些问题,本文探索了使用图示的方法推导这三种电对的标准电极电势与其平衡常数的关系。这一推导方法简单、直观、学生一目了然,容易掌握,并且突出了浓度对电极电势的影响,即能斯特方程的应用氧化还原平衡这一教学重点。实践证明,使用这种方法教学,学生能更好的掌握这些电对标准电极电势的计算,教学效果也有明显提高。 相似文献
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化工计算机应用课程教材编写心得 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
化学化工专业需要利用计算机解决许多问题,在该专业的本科生中开设化学化工计算机应用课程已是新世纪的基本要求,而有一本适合实际的好教材是学好该课程的基础。文章就化学化工计算机应用课程教材《计算机在化学化工中的应用》第一版和第二版编写过程中关于课程定位、教材内容、编写风格等问题的一些心得进行了讨论和阐述,并提出了教材进一步完善的思路和方向。 相似文献
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为了适应化工流程模拟软件应用日益普及的现状,我们编写了以强化训练学生计算能力为目标的《化工计算与软件应用》教材。本文分析了传统化工计算教材内容的不足,阐明了选用流程模拟软件作为化工计算主要工具的必要性,介绍了新教材编写过程中内容组织、章节安排、编写风格的考虑,对新教材教学方式的变革提出了意见。本教材在校内使用两年来效果明显,学生应用化工流程模拟软件进行工艺设计的能力大幅增强。 相似文献
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"科学素养"(Scientific Literacy)是当今国际科学教育的中心议题.国内外众多教育工作者研究发现:科学史(包括化学史)教学有利于提高学生科学素养.文章从定性和定量的角度来分析新课程标准中学化学教科书中化学史的呈现情况,研究结果表明:化学史的呈现内容虽然比以往的教材增多,但是也存在问题:无法让学生真正体会科学的发展、科学家的形象,进而不能很好的领悟科学的本质. 相似文献
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H. Y. Sohn 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2006,89(3):1006-1013
A unified mathematical relationship for the overall rate of gaseous reduction of a stable oxide that produces a volatile suboxide has been derived including the effects of a product gas in the bulk stream, chemical kinetics, mass transfer, and chemical equilibrium. The important effect of the small equilibrium constant is quantified. How the reaction conditions affect the overall rate at different asymptotic conditions is also elucidated. By using the obtained results, the conflicting previous claims on the rate-controlling mechanism for the hydrogen reduction of silica has been critically examined and reconciled. The small equilibrium constant of this reaction causes it to be rate controlled by mass transfer under typical conditions and its rate to be slow. How the presence of even a small amount of water vapor in the bulk gas greatly enhances the effects of the small equilibrium constant is elucidated from the mathematical derivation. In addition, the small equilibrium constant also causes the apparent activation energy of silica reduction by wet hydrogen to approach the Δ H ° of reaction and that by dry hydrogen to approach Δ H °. Because of the large positive Δ H ° value associated with reactions with a large positive Δ G ° value, such a reaction has been mistaken to be rate controlled by chemical kinetics. 相似文献
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Synthesis of diethyl carbonate from ethanol through different routes: A thermodynamic and comparative analysis 下载免费PDF全文
In this study, thermodynamic analysis of various possible synthesis routes of diethyl carbonates (DEC), a benign organic carbonate, was carried out and a comparative analysis was performed. Chemical equilibrium constants at standard conditions were calculated using Gibbs free energy of the system. The Benson group contribution method was used to estimate standard heat of formation and standard entropy change of some raw materials/components like dimethyl carbonate. Variation of heat capacity (Cp) with temperature was estimated for different components from the Rozicka‐Domalski model. Variation of chemical equilibrium constants with temperature and pressure was studied for various routes. Synthesis of DEC from ethylene carbonate (EC) was also found to be better considering equilibrium constants at room temperature. The CO2 route was found to be the most unfavourable route for DEC synthesis due to stability of CO2 molecules. Moreover, DEC synthesis through the urea route was found to be best at high temperatures since the equilibrium constants were found to increase exponentially. Experiments were conducted for DEC synthesis using the EC route at two temperatures. Activity coefficients were calculated using the UNIFAC model. Experimentally and theoretically determined chemical equilibrium constant values were found to be similar. PRO/II was also used to minimize Gibbs free energy of the system and estimate the equilibrium constants and the results were comparable with those obtained by the equilibrium constant method and the trend was found to be the same for both the methods. 相似文献
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碳酸二甲酯与邻苯二酚合成愈创木酚的热力学分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用Benson基团贡献法计算了碳酸二甲酯,邻苯二酚,愈创木酚的热力学数据标准摩尔生成焓ΔfHm^θ、标准熵Sm^θ和热容Cp,m。对碳酸二甲酯与邻苯二酚催化合成愈创木酚反应体系进行了热力学分析,通过对反应的焓变ΔrHm,自由能变ΔrGm和平衡常数K的计算表明该反应是吸热反应,其自由能变化为负值,有较大的热力学平衡常数,且反应温度对平衡常数K影响不大,该反应可在较低温度下进行,在保持高转换率的同时,也可减少副反应,其关键是研制开发低温活性高的催化剂。 相似文献
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H.Y. Sohn 《Chemical engineering science》2004,59(20):4361-4368
The purpose of this article is to analyze critically and quantitatively the effect of fluid reactant supply rates and mass transfer on the measurement of the rates of fluid-solid reactions, particularly those with small equilibrium constants. It is shown through a mathematical analysis that the measurement of the intrinsic kinetics of a reaction with a small equilibrium constant (a positive standard free energy of reaction) requires much larger rates of fluid reactant supply and mass transfer rates than that of a reaction with a large equilibrium constant. The overall reaction rate of the former also tends to be slow. Furthermore, the apparent activation energy of such a reaction approaches the standard enthalpy of reaction (ΔH0), rather than the true activation energy of the chemical reaction. 相似文献