MgO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2-TiO_2-CeO_2微晶玻璃的相转变

通过DTA ,XRD ,TEM ,SEM和EDS等测试手段 ,研究了MgOAl2 O3SiO2 TiO2 CeO2 微晶玻璃的相转变过程。研究结果表明 :退火后的原始玻璃已存在液相分离结构。在热处理过程中硅钛铈矿 (Ce2 Ti2 Si2 O1 1 )首先在 840℃从富含Ti4 ,Ce4 的孤立液滴相中析出。金红石 (TiO2 )晶核于 95 0℃开始形成。α堇青石相在 114 0℃左右从富含Si4 ,Al3 的玻璃相中大量生成。当温度升高到 12 0 5℃时 ,部分硅钛铈矿分解并与残余玻璃相反应生成金红石和新相氧化铈。通过控制晶化得到的MgOAl2 O3SiO2 TiO2 CeO2 微晶玻璃 ,其晶相由硅钛铈矿、金红石、α堇青石及少量氧化铈构成     

MgO-Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2-CeO2微晶玻璃的相转变

通过DTA，XRD，TEM，SEM和EDS等测试手段，研究了MgO—Al2O3一SiO2一TiP2-CeO2微晶玻璃的相转变过程。研究结果表明：退火后的原始玻璃已存在液相分离结构。在热处理过程中硅钛铈矿(Ce2Ti2Si2O11)首先在840℃从富含Ti^4 ，Ce^4 的孤立液滴相中析出。金红石(TiO2)晶核于950℃开始形成。α堇青石相在1140℃左右从富含Si^4 ，Al^3 的玻璃相中大量生成。当温度升高到1205℃时，部分硅钛铈矿分解并与残余玻璃相反应生成金红石和新相氧化铈。通过控制晶化得到的MgO—Al2O3-SiO2-TiO2—CeO2微晶玻璃，其晶相由硅钛铈矿、金红石、α堇青石及少量氧化铈构成。     

烧结法堇青石微晶玻璃的研制

实验利用廉价的工业原料氧化铝、滑石、粘土等,加入少量添加剂和晶核剂TiO2,采用粉末烧结法制备出了具有低的介电常数、低的热膨胀系数和高的抗折强度等优良性能的MgO-A l2O3-SiO2系堇青石微晶玻璃。样品最佳热处理制度为:核化780℃,保温2h,晶化990℃,保温2h,升温速率3℃/m in。样品析出主晶相为α-堇青石,伴有少量镁橄榄石(Mg2SiO4)、镁铝钛酸盐(MAT)和金红石(TiO2)次晶相。     

SiO2/MgO摩尔比对MgO-Al2O3-SiO2微晶玻璃析晶和晶相转变的影响

采用熔融法制备了MgO–Al_2O_3–SiO_2(MAS)微晶玻璃,研究了SiO_2/MgO摩尔比对MAS微晶玻璃析晶和晶相转变的影响。结果表明:微晶玻璃初晶相为亚稳Mg_(0.6)Al_(1.2)Si_(1.8)O_6相,终晶相为堇青石相,随晶化温度升高,Mg_(0.6)Al_(1.2)Si_(1.8)O_6向堇青石相转变。SiO_2/MgO摩尔比对微晶玻璃析晶过程影响显著,随SiO_2/MgO摩尔比从2.5增加至3.6,晶相转变开始温度从1 000℃升高到1 150℃,晶相转变结束温度从1 050℃升高到1 180℃,Mg_(0.6)Al_(1.2)Si_(1.8)O_6相热稳定性提高,堇青石相析晶难度增大,晶相转变过程变慢。当SiO_2/MgO摩尔比为3.6时,1 080℃晶化后的微晶玻璃Vickers硬度达到最大10.4 GPa。     

晶化温度对R2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃析晶和力学性能的影响

采用整体析晶法,以花岗岩废渣为主要原料,TiO2和P2O5作复合晶核剂,制备了R2O-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃.用DSC、XRD、SEM等表征方法研究了晶化温度对微晶玻璃的晶相组成、显微结构和力学性能的影响.实验结果表明:晶化温度为900℃时,析出镁铝钛酸盐和顽辉石晶相.晶化温度在1080～ 1200℃之间时,微晶玻璃中析出棒状假蓝宝石、镁铝钛酸盐、顽辉石的复合晶相,随晶化温度的升高,晶相含量增加,晶粒尺寸增大.晶化温度为1240℃时,假蓝宝石相减少,尖晶石相析出.在1200℃晶化2h后的微晶玻璃四点抗弯强度最高,达到109.25 MPa.     

复合晶核剂TiO2/ZrO2对微晶玻璃晶化行为的影响

采用差热分析、X-射线衍射分析和扫描电镜观察等测试方法,对以TiO2/ZrO2为复合晶核剂的MgO-Al2O3-SiO2系微晶玻璃材料进行了研究,讨论了晶核剂TiO2/ZrO2添加量对微晶玻璃晶化行为的影响.结果表明,适当提高晶核剂的含量有利于晶体在低温下析晶,且有利于晶态致密化,随着温度的升高,玻璃中会依次析出镁铝钛酸盐、假蓝宝石、尖晶石、α-堇青石、顽辉石等晶体;但晶核剂含量过高则会导致微晶玻璃力学性能的下降.     

Na_2O对MgO-Al_2O_3-B_2O_3-SiO_2体系微晶玻璃结构和性能的影响

利用烧结法制备Na_2O-MgO-Al_2O_3-B_2O_3-SiO_2微晶玻璃。采用FT-IR、DSC、XRD和SEM等分析方法,研究玻璃组成中Na_2O对MgO-Al_2O_3-B_2O_3-SiO_2系统微晶玻璃的结构、析晶性能、热膨胀系数以及化学稳定性的影响。结果表明:随着Na_2O含量的增加,玻璃结构中出现了[SiO_4]被破坏和[BO_3]转变为[BO_4]的现象。Na_2O的添加明显降低了样品的玻璃化转变温度与析晶峰值温度,增强了MgO-Al_2O_3-B_2O_3-SiO_2体系微晶玻璃的析晶能力。未加Na_2O的微晶玻璃主晶相为球状顽辉石,添加后的微晶玻璃析出镁橄榄石颗粒和柱状硼镁钛石,最终A_3、A_4只析出硼镁钛石,并且颗粒逐渐细化。随着Na_2O量的增加,微晶玻璃的热膨胀系数呈逐渐增大的趋势。微晶玻璃的耐酸碱侵蚀能力随Na_2O含量的增加先增强后减弱,其中耐碱腐蚀能力相对较强。     

堇青石基微晶玻璃的热膨胀行为

研究了加TiO_2的富镁堇青石组成微晶玻璃的热膨胀行为。这种微晶玻璃中含有大量晶体和极少量的玻璃相。其中主要晶相是堇青石。此外,还有金红石与镁铝钛酸盐固溶体。在晶化处理的冷却过程中由于晶体具有热膨胀的各向异性,在热应力的作用下在微晶玻璃内部生成了微裂纹。借助于应力计算公式描述了微裂纹生成的原因。这种微裂纹可以用膨胀仪测得的加热-冷却曲线间的回线来加以描述。实验指出微裂纹的增量与实验温度间有一函数关系,可用经验公式y=ae~(bx)表示。最后通过扫描电子显微镜观察,分析指出了微裂纹存在的位置与大小。     

SiO_2—Al_2O_3—MgO—K_2O—MgF_2系玻璃陶瓷析晶机理及断裂机制

以SiO2—Al2O3—MgO—K2O—MgF2体系玻璃为基础,采用整体析晶法,在高温条件下制备出堇青石/氟金云母玻璃陶瓷。借助于综合热分析仪、X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜等分析手段,研究了玻璃陶瓷的析晶机制、显微形貌和断裂机制。结果表明:所制备的玻璃陶瓷主晶相为板条状氟金云母和β-堇青石,经1 000℃保温3h热处理后,主晶相转变为镁橄榄石;以堇青石和氟金云母为主晶相的玻璃陶瓷断裂机理为穿晶断裂,以镁橄榄石为主晶相的玻璃陶瓷为沿晶断裂。在基础玻璃中添加5%B2O3,可抑制氟金云母相的析出,并提高玻璃陶瓷的致密度。     

晶化处理对堇青石微晶玻璃晶相及其性能影响的研究

以堇青石的理论化学组成为基础玻璃配方,采用熔融法制备堇青石微晶玻璃。利用DSC-TG、XRD、SEM研究堇青石微晶玻璃的析晶特性和微观形貌,并对其热膨胀性能以及烧结性能进行测试。结果表明:微晶玻璃初晶相为亚稳MgAl_2Si_3O_(10)相,终晶相为α-堇青石相,随着热处理温度升高,亚稳MgAl_2Si_3O_(10)相向α-堇青石相转变。在1000～1200℃的温度范围内,堇青石微晶玻璃的结构和性能较为稳定。     

钕-铝系稀土色料的研制

通过钕-铝系列色料合成实验,分析不同配比及不同矿化剂等对色料呈色效果的影响,确定最佳工艺方法。对实验结果进行XRD及色度分析,确定其主晶相为钕酸铝,试样的明度均在70以上,色彩鲜艳亮丽。     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Fe2O3-MnO-Cr2O3-La2O3系统紫色颜料的制备及表征

采用溶胶均匀共沉淀法于低温下合成了含少量稀土氧化物La2O3的紫色颜料，并采用颜色测定、SEM、XRD等手段对颜料的颜色、检度及结晶构造等进行了表征。     

Separation of Phases by Spinodal Decomposition in the Systems Al2O3−Cr2O3 and Al2O3−Cr2O3−Fe2O3

Separation of phases was investigated in the hexagonal (rhombohedral) systems Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃−Fe₂O₃. The binary system shows a miscibility gap with a T_c of 950°C; the miscibility gap for the ternary system was determined for a constant Cr₂O₃ content of 16.6 mol%. Dark field transmission electron microscopy of solid solutions annealed within the miscibility gap showed dark and light lamellas ∼50 to 200 Å thick. X-ray diffraction results for the solid solutions in the ternary system indicated that, in the early stages of annealing, broadening occurred only on (hkl) reflections where l≠0. There was no major change in the X-ray diffraction patterns of the annealed solid solutions in the binary system. Electron diffraction results indicated, however, that phase separation in both systems proceeded in the [001] direction. Solid solutions in the binary system separated very slowly; the separation could be enhanced hydrothermally. The mechanism of the separation of phases in both systems is spinodal and proceeds as follows: solid solution→intermediate modulated phase→equilibrium phases.     

Bactericidal Effectiveness of O3, O3/H2O2 and O3/TiO2 on Clostridium perfringens

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bactericidal capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Treatments (AOTs) based on ozone: ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/titanium dioxide on a wild strain of Clostridium perfringens, a fecal bacterial indicator in drinking water. The dose of ozone consumed ranges from 0.6 mg L^?1 min^?1 to 5.13 mg L^?1 min^?1 depending on the process and on the sample. In the treatments combined with O₃, H₂O₂ dose utilized is 0.04 mM and TiO₂ dose, 1 g L^?1. In order to evaluate the influence of natural organic matter and suspension solids over the disinfection rate, treatments are performed with two types of water – natural water from Ebro River (Zaragoza, Spain) and NaCl solution 0.9%. To achieve 4 log units of inactivation, 3.6 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 4.25 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 2.7 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ after processing the natural water. In NaCl solution, to get the same inactivation, 0.42 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 1.15 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 0.06 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ process. Even though the three treatments studied have a high bactericidal activity due to the number of surviving bacteria decreases to non-detectable levels, O₃/H₂O₂ is the most effective system for eliminating C. perfringens cells in a lower contact time, followed by O₃ and finally O₃/TiO₂ system.     

Properties of RO-Y2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 glasses

The coefficient of linear expansion, glass-transition temperature, temperature at the orset of deformation (strain point), density. Young modulus, microhardness, crystallizability, and contact angle are studied as a function of the composition in RO–Y₂O₃–Al₂O₃–SiO₂ (R=Ca and/or Mg) glass systems. The composition ranges for glasses (with strain point >900°C and coefficient of linear expansion of (32–45)×10^–7°C^–1) that can be used for soldering silicon-nitride ceramics were established.Translated from Steklo i Keramika, No. 12, pp. 5–7, December, 1996     

Cr_2O_3-Al_2O_3砖中不同组成Cr_2O_3-Al_2O_3电熔颗粒料的抗侵蚀研究

首先以不同比例的铬绿和氧化铝粉电熔制得Cr2O3质量分数分别为15%、40%、50%、60%、85%、99%的6种Cr2O3-Al2O3电熔颗粒料(其编号依次为CR15、CR40、CR50、CR60、CR85和CR99),然后采用回转渣蚀法研究了此电熔颗粒料(4~1 mm)的抗侵蚀性。结果显示:电熔颗粒料的抗侵蚀性随Cr2O3含量的增加及颗粒尺寸的增大而增强;高Cr2O3含量的CR99、CR85颗粒料在渣面层被侵蚀,主要是渣中的FeO和Al2O3对颗粒料的侵蚀,FeO与骨料中的Cr2O3反应,首先形成(Fe,Cr)3O4尖晶石,再与其他物相反应形成了复合尖晶石,当FeO耗尽后,渗入到颗粒内的Al2O3开始和Cr2O3反应,在颗粒表面形成铝铬固溶体;CR60颗粒料在渣面层和渗透层都存在侵蚀,渗透层的侵蚀主要是CaO、SiO2对颗粒料中铝铬固溶体中Al2O3的熔蚀,形成钙长石、钙黄长石以及玻璃相;Cr2O3含量较低的CR50、CR40、CR15颗粒料在渗透层内的侵蚀机制和CR60颗粒料的相同。