关于加强燃油同介质的传热有哪些原则和方法问题的答疑

问：由于现在的燃油成本增加。很多陶瓷厂均采用由柴油改烧重油的装置，尽可能地加热燃油的使用温度以提高燃烧的操作性，但在油系统的加热装置，进一步加强燃油同介质的传热有哪些原则和方法。     

燃油玻璃熔窑用吹扫阀

燃油玻璃熔窑的余火,不但与重油的质量(粘度、含水率)、压力、温度有关,而且与燃油换向装置紧密相关.自八十年代末起,随着我国炼油工业的原油综合加工技术的提高,提供给玻璃工业使用的多是高粘度渣油,这样给用户带来很大的困难.为解决燃油燃烧,相应提高供油的油压和加热温度,可是燃油换向装置的电磁阀,其结构和密封材料不适应重油质量的变化,造成余火比较     

乳化燃油静电雾化节能减排的研究与前景

分析了国内外燃油乳化、燃烧技术以及燃油静电雾化的应用与研究情况.从乳化燃油雾化质量与燃烧特性的角度,认为限制该技术进一步全面推广使用的原因为燃油乳化之后的雾化阻力增大引起的雾化质量下降以及固定的掺水比例的乳化燃油无法解决柴油机低负荷不稳定和高负荷高排放的难题.在此基础上首次提出了将静电雾化技术与燃油乳化燃烧技术相结合的构想,并结合国内外研究情况,分析了这2种先进的燃烧技术相结合的可行性以及对节能减排的应用价值.     

HPE乳化油在原油加热系统中的应用实践

针对HPE乳化油燃烧的工作机理,分析了乳化油节能、降污的原因.结合HPE乳化油在东临输油管道加热系统中的应用,指出使用乳化燃料,可以降低原油加热成本,保护环境,提高输油企业的经济效益.     

W型重油助燃剂的助燃机理和工业性应用

一、引言重质燃油主要指重油(一般标号为200号),除用作裂化气化原料、润滑油原料外,主要是用作锅炉、工业窑炉的加热燃料。但这类燃料由于含沥青质胶质,大分子磷质较多,因而流动性差、粘稠,造成使用时油压高,燃烧不充分。燃烧效率低,污染环境,同时油中还含有一定量的硫、钒化合物,对窑炉、机件的腐蚀也较严重。为了节约能源,更好更广泛地使用重质燃油,由浙江省湖州埭溪化工厂、湖州市节能中心及绍兴瓷厂等单位协作研制成功了W型重质燃油助燃剂,并于九二年七月通过省级鉴定,现正在上海,江苏、浙江省内十几个工业炉窑单位中应用,取得了较好的社会效益和经济效益。     

燃油微乳化技术及其研究进展

燃料油燃烧不充分不但造成资源浪费更主要的是尾气排放的有害物质引起环境污染。论述了燃油乳化的必要性、燃油产品绿色途径和乳化燃油的缺点,并详细论述了微乳化燃油长期稳定、制备简单、燃烧效率高等优点、微爆的燃烧机理、抑制NOx生成机理和水在微乳液中的作用,总结了微乳化燃油研究现状和加入水裂解催化剂、增大水含量形成水包油型微乳液的发展趋势。     

注汽锅炉燃油(气)节能器技术应用

高升采油厂主要生产稠油、稀油和高凝稠油。近几年来,随着高凝稠油和稀油产量的递减,开采难度增加。为实现原油稳产,加大了稠油的开采力度,注汽锅炉的使用效率明显提高。注汽锅炉主要以燃油和燃气为主,长期以来,提高注气锅炉燃料燃烧效率一直是个很难解决的问题,燃料燃烧效率低,浪费燃料,而且排放的废气中的有害物质会造成环境污染。为解决上述问题,研究应用了注汽锅炉燃油(气)节能器,在距燃烧器进口10米以内的燃油管线上串接燃油(气)节能器,可处理燃料中的碳氢化合物,使分子结构发生变化,细小分子增多,分子间距离增大,使燃料的粘度下降,燃料(油、气)在燃烧前雾化、细化程度大为提高,喷到燃烧室内,在低氧条件下得到充分燃烧,减少燃烧设备鼓风量,减少烟气热量损失,碳氢化合物(HC)等有害成分明显下降,既节省了燃料,又降低了废气对环境的污染。     

液晶玻璃窑炉全氧燃烧技术探讨

全氧燃烧技术的应用是玻璃工业史上的一次重要突破,液晶玻璃窑炉一般采用电加热和全氧燃烧相结合的混合加热方式,对配合料进行加热,使之熔化成满足要求的高温玻璃液。主要探讨液晶玻璃窑炉全氧燃烧技术的优点、使用前测试、燃气分配比例和使用注意事项等。     

煤气燃烧对火焰高度影响的研究

焦炉立火道中煤气的燃烧过程属于扩散燃烧,扩散燃烧有利于焦饼高向加热的均匀性和降低能耗。文中计算了扩散燃烧的火焰高度,对焦炉使用高炉煤气与焦炉煤气加热及废气循环对火焰高度的影响进行了比较。同时还分析了影响火焰高度的因素和解决焦炉高向加热的措施。     

陶瓷隧道窑节油技术的应用和选择

前言供给陶瓷等工业窑炉作燃料使用的重油质量,随着我国炼油工艺技术水平的提高而不断下降.如粘度大,杂质含量高及热值不稳定等.导致燃烧状态不良,燃料单耗升高,陶瓷产品质量波动等弊端.因此改善重油的燃烧状态,降低燃油消耗,提高陶瓷产品质量为人们所关注.近年来,国内外对节油技术的研究重点有两个方面:1.磁化燃烧技术;2.掺水乳化燃烧技术.     

Analysis of biodiesel combustion in a boiler with a pressure operated mechanical pulverisation burner

Biodiesel used as fuel for internal combustion engines must meet the European quality standard for biodiesel, which requires a thorough inspection at the time of collection, storage and use. There is a large amount of biodiesel in Spain today which does not meet the required specifications for use in internal combustion engines and which might otherwise be used for thermal purposes in installations. This article offers a study of the use of biodiesel in a conventional combustion facility.This work presents the experimental results of biodiesel combustion with diesel for heating. The work is divided into two sections. The first deals with the characteristics of biodiesel as a heating fuel; the characteristics of heating fuel; the characteristics of the mixtures of biodiesel and heating fuel, thus enabling an estimation of the theoretical combustion results.The second part deals with the combustion of the mixtures. For this, we establish a series of parameters to be controlled in the combustion depending on the chosen burner. We present the tests, describe the experimental facilities where the tests were conducted and present the experimental results and analysis thereof.     

Prospects for the use of producer gas generated from fuels in the manufacture of steels

The inconsistency of the maximum temperature achieved in combustion (α = 1) of gaseous fuels and fuel oil with the problem of qualitatively heating steel products was demonstrated. The reasonability and method for the production of artificial gas from coal with various fixed heats of combustion for steel heating and electricity production were substantiated. A design for the combined (gas and then induction) heating of products was presented.     

Differences in the ignition characteristics of coal–water slurries and composite liquid fuel

The processes of the inert heating, ignition, and combustion of the drops of typical coal–water slurries and promising composite liquid fuel were experimentally studied with the use of high-speed (to 10⁵ frame/s) video recording facilities. The particles of brown and black coals with of sizes 80–100 μm were used as the basic components of the coal–water slurries and composite liquid fuel. Spent automobile oil (from an internal combustion engine) was also added to the composite liquid fuel (relative mass concentration, 0–15%). The characteristic stages of the processes of the inert heating and evaporating of liquid components and the ignition and combustion of coal–water slurries and composite liquid fuel (the initial radii of drops varied from 0.5 to 2 mm) were established. The ignition delay and complete combustion times of the drops of fuel compositions were determined under changes of the temperature of an oxidizing agent (air) in a range from 600 to 900 K at fluid velocities from 0.5 to 5 m/s. Representative temperatures at the centers of coal–water slurry and composite liquid fuel drops were measured at all of the established stages of the combustion initiation process. The necessary and sufficient conditions for the steady ignition of the drops of the test fuel compositions were recognized.     

含不同粒度铝粉的铝/冰燃料的燃烧特性

用微米铝粉逐级取代部分纳米铝粉制备铝/冰燃料,采用表面接触法和高速摄影技术研究了不同粒度铝粉改善铝/冰燃料燃烧特性的效果. 结果表明,随微米铝粉取代量增加,铝/冰燃料燃烧反应速率和剧烈程度均先提高后降低,微米铝粉取代量为30%(w)时,铝/冰燃料最高升温速率达6062.24℃/s,是纯纳米铝/冰燃料的3.8倍. 用微米铝粉取代部分纳米铝粉均不同程度提高铝/冰燃料的燃面传播速率,微米铝粉取代量约为20%(w)时燃烧性能最佳,燃面传播速率较纯纳米铝/冰燃料提高57.8%. 在分析实验结果的基础上,建立了铝/冰燃料的燃烧火焰模型.     

预处理稻壳及其与杨树锯末掺混燃烧特性和燃烧动力学分析

采用热重技术对稻壳（DK）和杨树锯末（JM）燃烧进行分析，考察了不同预处理方式对稻壳燃烧特性的影响，并研究了不同升温速率及稻壳和杨树锯末掺混质量比对掺混燃烧特性及燃烧动力学的影响。结果表明：水洗及酸洗可使稻壳燃烧TG-DTG热重曲线向高温区移动，最大失重速率及对应失重温度升高。水洗使稻壳综合燃烧特性指数提高2.5×10^-7~5.9×10^-7%/（min²·℃³），而酸洗使稻壳综合燃烧特性指数下降11×10^-7~11.9×10^-7%/（min²·℃³）。不同预处理后稻壳在挥发分析出燃烧阶段的活化能高于未处理稻壳，酸洗后稻壳焦炭燃烧阶段活化能降低16.94 kJ/mol，而水洗使稻壳焦炭燃烧阶段活化能升高。提高稻壳添加比例，混合燃料着火温度和燃尽温度降低。随着升温速率的提高，混合样品综合燃烧特性指数和残余率升高。70%稻壳和30%杨树锯末混合燃料在升温速率40℃/min下燃烧产生协同效应。     

Pyrolysis kinetics and combustion characteristics of waste recovered fuels

Alternative fuels, such as biomass and refuse derived fuels tend to play an increasingly important role in the European energy industry. Co-firing fuels derived from non-hazardous waste streams have the potential of covering a significant part of the future demand on co-incineration capacities, which is expected to increase due to the implementation of the 2000/76 EC landfill Directive. However, their combustion behaviour has not yet been fully investigated, because of the difficulty to define representative fuel characteristics simulating accurately all the fuel fractions. In the present study, refuse derived fuel behaviour was investigated by thermogravimetry under pyrolysis and combustion conditions. A non-isothermal thermogravimetric analyser (TA Q600) operated at ambient pressure was used for both the pyrolysis and combustion experiments. The devolatilisation of the waste samples was investigated at a temperature range of 30-1000 °C with the constant heating rate of 20 °C/min and for particle sizes between 150 and 250 μm. Combustion tests were realized under the same heating conditions. The independent parallel, first order, reactions model was elaborated for the kinetic analysis of the pyrolysis results. The thermal degradation of the refuse derived fuel samples was modeled assuming four parallel reactions corresponding to the devolatilisation of cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin and plastics. Increased activation energies were calculated for the plastics fraction. Lignin presented the lowest contribution in the pyrolysis of the samples. Slightly increased combustion reactivities were found for the waste fuel samples compared to lignite. It is concluded that waste recovered fuels can be used in existing combustion facilities either alone or in combination with coal and future investigations should focus on the operational behaviour of large-scale facilities when exploiting these waste species.     

加热炉酸露点问题探讨

分析了酸露点腐蚀产生的原理及影响因素,列举了计算露点温度的几种常用方法,并将计算值与工业实际控制值进行比较.认为已有研究成果多针对锅炉燃煤过程,对加热炉燃油过程的计算只有一定的借鉴意义.在此基础上提出应综合各种因素准确测算酸露点,得到具有普遍应用性的计算方法,提高了加热炉燃烧和燃料利用的效率.     

输油管道加热炉节能减排技术现状与未来发展

概述了输油管道加热炉节能减排的技术现状,从更新燃料类型,改进燃烧方式,提高燃烧效率;减少排气热损失;对流管改造,降低腐蚀;对旧炉进行技术改造或更新;加热炉运行控制与节能5个方面介绍了目前加热炉节能减排的具体方法措施.并对加热炉节能减排技术的未来发展和研究方向提出建议.     

玻璃窑炉引进口部混合燃烧系统的消化与发展

口部混合燃烧系统(nozzle mix combustion system)系由口混燃烧器(nozzle mix Burners)为主体建立起来的一种先进的火焰窑炉加热体系。它能为加热空间提供横向均匀的温度场和纵向温度梯度,适用于需要强化燃烧的玻璃窑炉。 1984年,北京玻璃仪器厂(BGIF)与日本电气玻璃公司(NEG)合作,建起了国内第一