纳米SiOx改性PP/POE复合材料冲击性能的研究

研究了纳米氧化硅（SiOx）的添加量和混合工艺对PP／POE改性效果的影响。结果表明，添加少量的纳米SiOx后，复合材料的冲击强度和硬度等性能有明显提高；在共混工艺中，湿法球磨法明显优于干法共混法。     

纳米SiOx改性天然胶乳用表面处理剂的选择

分别以丙二醇、一缩二乙二醇、丙三醇处理纳米SiOx，研究了纳米SiOx在天然乳胶及PVA复合天然乳胶体系中的均匀分散技术；性能测试结果及SEM照片表明：①采用多羟基有机化合物作为表面处理剂，可以使纳米SiOx在胶膜中分散均匀．并有效防止其在体系中的聚集。②多数试样的拉伸强度和撕裂强度均高于添加常规补强剂（白炭黑或炭黑）的试样。③采用一缩二乙二醇作为纳米SiOx表面处理剂的天然乳胶膜，其拉伸强度为59．44MPa，撕裂强度为27．66N／mm，综合力学性能最优，分别比添加白炭黑的试样提高了44．6％和33．2％。     

抗菌纳米SiOx粉体应用于PVC试验研究

自制抗菌纳米SiOx粉体添加于聚氯乙烯（PVC）基材制备PVC/SiOx复合抗菌材料,当抗菌纳米SiOx添加量为1 %（质量分数,下同）时,制备的复合抗菌材料对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的杀菌率分别达到92 %和89 %。复合抗菌材料具有良好的抗菌长效性且在力学性能上有较大提高,其拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了66.3 %和124.1 %。抗菌纳米SiOx粉体在PVC中的分散良好。     

纳米SiO2与低相对分子质量聚酰胺复合改性环氧树脂工艺条件与性能研究

采用溶液共混法将纳米SiO2与低相对分子质量聚酰胺（PA-650）分散到环氧树脂中，再与固化剂（T-31）混合，制备了公路修补用纳米SiO2与PA-650改性环氧树脂复合材料，研究了工艺条件对复合材料的固化时间、力学性能、微观形态等的影响，并对改性机理进行了探讨。结果表明，工艺条件对复合材料的性能有重要影响，随纳米SiO2含量的增加，力学性能呈现先增后减的变化趋势，当其含量为3％时，材料的综合性能最佳，此时复合材料的剪切强度、冲击强度分别提高了90．7％和670％。     

纳米SiOx改性6109硅橡胶

以纳米SiOx取代6109硅橡胶用料沉淀法白炭黑，采用传统的硅橡胶混炼方法进行纳米SiOx在其中的分散，可使6109硅橡胶在其它性能数据变化不大的情况下．拉伸强度由原来的4．5MPa提高到6．7MPa，即提高55%。     

LDPE/SiO_X纳米复合材料的制备

通过硅溶胶直接法和母料法制备低密度聚乙烯/纳米氧化硅(LDPE/SiOX)复合材料,并研究其工艺方法。通过拉伸试验和扫描电镜对复合材料进行测试和分析。结果表明,采用母料法制备的SiOX含量为2%(质量分数)的LDPE/SiOX复合材料中,SiOx的粒径为(54±10)nm。与纯LDPE相比,该纳米复合材料的拉伸强度提高了2.4N/mm2。     

表面季铵化修饰的SiOx对PVC的增强与抗菌协同作用

通过熔融方式将表面季铵化修饰的SiOx纳米颗粒与PVC树脂共混,制备了抗菌纳米复合材料,研究了其性能.实验表明,表面经过高分子季铵化的纳米SiOx颗粒,在复合材料中不仅起到增强增韧的纳米改性作用,还使材料具备稳定的抗菌功能.与普通PVC材料相比,抗菌纳米复合材料的拉伸强度和冲击强度分别提高了66.3%和124.1%,抗菌率达到了(89±1)%.通过电子探针元素分布面扫描,证明了季铵盐-SiOx颗粒在PVC材料中具有良好的分散性.     

纳米SiOx改性不饱和聚酯树脂

用纳米SiOx粒子对298#不饱和聚脂(UPR)进行增强、增韧改性，发现随粒子用量增加，树脂凝胶时间、粘度增大；粒子用量为0．5％时树脂有脆韧转变现象；用量为3％时，拉伸强度和断裂延伸率分别提高约33％和60％。用KH-570偶联剂进行表面处理有助于提高纳米SiOx粒子在UPR中的均匀分散。     

壳聚糖保鲜涂膜纳米SiO_x修饰工艺优化的研究

为了提高壳聚糖涂膜的力学性能和降低其透水率,实验先以十二烷基磺酸钠(SDS)活化纳米SiOx,随后将其加到壳聚糖乙酸溶液中,并用流延法制得分散比较均匀的壳聚糖纳米复合膜.此外采用二次回归旋转正交组合试验设计方法,优化了壳聚糖/纳米SiO(CTS/SiOx)复合涂膜的制备工艺条件,并通过红外(IR),X射线衍射(XRD)和电镜透射(TEM)手段对CTS/SiOx.复合涂膜的性能和结构进行袭征.优化结果表明,当壳聚糖(CTS)、活化纳米SiOx和单甘酯(Glyc)添加量分别为1.547 g、0.028 g和0.015 g时,CTS/SiOx,复合涂膜的性能达到最优,其拉伸强度和撕裂强度分别为54.85MPa和51.77kN·m-1,分别比未修饰壳聚糖单膜提高了63%和12%,而透水率却下降了73%.将制备的CTS/SiOx复合涂膜用于果蔬室温保鲜,保鲜质量和保鲜时间比对照组均有明显提高.     

纳米SiOx改性喷涂型防雾剂的研制

实验制备了一种新型喷涂式纳米SiOx复合防雾剂,考察了纳米SiOx均匀分散于喷涂型防雾剂中的影响因素。性能测试结果及TEM、AFM照片表明：（1）喷涂型防雾剂可作为纳米SiOx粒子的表面处理剂;（2）制得防雾流滴持效期较长的复合防雾剂最佳工艺条件：纳米SiOx与防雾剂的质量比为1：100,25G均浆机工作头剪切分散线速度为15．6m／s,均浆机剪切分散时间为120s,超声波分散时间为1800s。样品浸泡后测得初滴时间为417．81s,每十滴平均时间为256．53s。     

Mechanical properties study of micro‐ and nano‐hydroxyapatite reinforced ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene composites

This is a comparative study between ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) reinforced with micro‐ and nano‐hydroxyapatite (HA) under different filler content. The micro‐ and nano‐HA/UHMWPE composites were prepared by hot‐pressing method, and then compression strength, ball indentation hardness, creep resistance, friction, and wear properties were investigated. To explore mechanisms of these properties, differential scanning calorimetry, infrared spectrum, wettability, and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectrometry analysis were carried out on the samples. The results demonstrated that UHMWPE reinforced with micro‐ and nano‐HA would improve the ball indentation hardness, compression strength, creep resistance, wettability, and wear behavior. The mechanical properties for both micro‐ and nano‐HA/UHMWPE composites were comparable with pure UHMWPE. The mechanical properties of nano‐HA/UHMWPE composites are better compared with micro‐HA/UHMWPE composites and pure UHMWPE. The optimum filler quantity of micro‐ and nano‐HA/UHMWPE composites is found to be at 15 wt % and 10 wt %, separately. The micro‐ and nano‐HA/UHMWPE composites exhibit a low friction coefficient and good wear resistance at this content. The worn surface of HA/UHMWPE composites shows the wear mechanisms changed from furrow and scratch to surface rupture and delamination when the weight percent of micro‐ and nano‐HA exceed 15 wt % and 10 wt %. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016 , 133, 42869.     

Effects of a coupling agent on the mechanical and thermal properties of ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene/nano silicon carbide composites

Ultra‐high‐molecular‐weight polyethylene (UHMWPE)/nano silicon carbide (nano‐SiC) composites were prepared by compression molding. The effects of a coupling agent and the content of the filler on the filler dispersion and the mechanical and thermal properties of the composites were investigated. The results show that the mechanical properties of the composites first increased and then decreased with increasing SiC content. The macromolecular coupling agent exhibited a much better reinforcing effect than the small‐molecule coupling agent. The tensile strength of the composites with 3‐aminopropyltriethoxysilane (KH550), γ‐methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (KH570), and silicone powders reached its maximum value when the silicon carbide (SiC) content was 3%. We found that a web of the UHMWPE/SiC/coupling agent was formed and played a significant role in improving the heat resistance of the composites. In addition, appropriate amounts of SiC could increase the crystallinity of UHMWPE via a process of heterogeneous nucleation. The comprehensive performance of the KH550/silicone/SiC/UHMWPE composites was the best. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

短纤维在氯丁橡胶中的应用

研究了短纤维种类、用量及长度对短纤维/氯丁橡胶复合材料的纤维取向、纤维分散、力学性能、耐热性能以及溶胀性能的影响。结果表明,复合材料呈现明显的各向异性;3mm短纤维/氯丁橡胶(CR)复合材料的纤维取向度、拉伸强度、撕裂强度和耐溶胀性能均优于1mm复合材料,短纤维分散性对复合材料耐热性的影响较小。     

双马来酰亚胺/环氧树脂/纳米SiO2复合材料的制备与性能研究

研究了纳米二氧化硅（SiO2）的含量对双马来酰亚胺（BMI）/环氧树脂(EP)/2,2′二烯丙基双酚A(DBA)/纳米SiO2复合材料的耐热性能、力学性能和吸水性能的影响。结果表明,当纳米SiO2的含量为2.0 %(质量分数,下同)时,BMI/EP/DBA/纳米SiO2复合材料具有较高的强度和良好的韧性,其拉伸强度、弯曲强度和缺口冲击强度比BMI/EP/DBA复合材料分别提高了22.8 %、39.0 %和37.8 %;同时,纳米SiO2含量为 2.0 %时,BMI/EP/DBA/纳米SiO2复合材料具有优异的耐热性,其玻璃化转变温度、初始热分解温度和最大热分解温度分别为204、 410、451 ℃。     

Effect of surface modifiers and surface modification methods on properties of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene/poly(methyl methacrylate)/nano‐calcium carbonate composites

Nano‐calcium carbonate (nano‐CaCO₃) was used in this article to fill acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene (ABS)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), which is often used in rapid heat cycle molding process (RHCM). To achieve better adhesion between nano‐CaCO₃ and ABS/PMMA, nano‐CaCO₃ particles were modified by using titanate coupling agent, aluminum–titanium compound coupling agent, and stearic acid. Dry and solution methods were both utilized in the surface modification process. ABS/PMMA/nano‐CaCO₃ composites were prepared in a corotating twin screw extruder. Influence of surface modifiers and surface modification methods on mechanical and flow properties of composites was analyzed. The results showed that collaborative use of aluminum–titanium compound coupling agent and stearic acid for nano‐CaCO₃ surface modification is optimal in ABS/PMMA/nano‐CaCO₃ composites. Coupling agent can increase the melt flow index (MFI) and tensile yield strength of ABS/PMMA/nano‐CaCO₃ composites. The Izod impact strength of composites increases with the addition of titanate coupling agent up to 1 wt %, thereafter the Izod impact strength shows a decrease. The interfacial adhesion between nano‐CaCO₃ and ABS/PMMA is stronger by using solution method. But the dispersion uniformity of nano‐CaCO₃ modified by solution method is worse. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013     

碳纳米管改性双马来酰亚胺树脂体系的性能

采用原位聚合法将碳纳米管(CNTs)与双马来酰亚胺(BMI)复合制备BMI/CNTs复合材料,通过差示扫描量热仪分析了CNTs的用量对BMI树脂体系反应活性的影响。研究了CNTs的用量对复合材料静态力学性能、动态力学性能及耐湿热老化性能的影响。结果表明,随着CNTs用量的增多,体系的反应活性呈降低趋势,而力学性能、耐湿热性能均有所提高;当CNTs质量分数为1.5%时,复合材料的冲击强度和弯曲强度分别提高了近63.1%和10%,其后随CNTs用量的增大均略有下降。     

高性能纳米TiO2／HIPS复合材料的研制

采用溶胶－凝胶法制备纳米TiO2,并对纳米TiO2进行表面处理,在大分子分散剂存在下,通过母料法工艺制备了纳米TiO2/HIPS复合材料。实验结果表明,制备的纳米TiO2/HIPS复合材料的缺口冲击强度、拉伸强度和弹性模量在纳米TiO2含量为2％时上升为最大值,且复合材料的硬度、耐热性能、阻燃性能随纳米TiO2含量的增加而提高。     

聚丙烯/木粉/纳米凹凸棒土复合材料性能研究

采用双螺杆挤出机制备了一系列聚丙烯(PP)/木粉/纳米凹凸棒土(AT)木塑复合材料(WPC.研究了AT用量对复合材料力学性能、热性能、加工性能的影响.结果表明,随着AT用量的增加,复合材料拉伸强度逐渐增加、冲击强度逐渐减小,硬度先增加后减小,AT用量为5份时复合材料硬度最大;复合材料维卡软化点不断提高;熔体流动速率(M...     

PP/纳米Al_2O_3复合材料及其发泡材料的制备与表征

用PP与纳米Al_2O_3熔融共混法制备复合材料,再用超临界CO_2间歇发泡法制备发泡材料,并对材料的结晶行为、力学性能、发泡行为和导热性能进行研究。结果表明,纳米Al_2O_3能提高复合材料的结晶和熔融温度,但会降低PP链段运动能力,当纳米Al_2O_3含量为7%时,复合材料的结晶度由纯PP的28.10%降至24.46%;纳米Al_2O_3具有刚性粒子的增强增韧协同效果,当纳米Al_2O_3含量为5%时,纳米Al_2O_3的骨架效应使得复合材料的拉伸强度达到33.9 MPa,继续提高其含量后复合材料的拉伸强度略微下降。由于纳米Al_2O_3的刚性粒子增韧效果,当纳米Al_2O_3含量达到7%时,复合材料的冲击强度可达到5.26 k J/m2。纳米Al_2O_3起到异相泡孔成核剂作用,加入5%的纳米Al_2O_3后,发泡材料的泡孔密度提高至2.18×107个/cm3,其热导率在纳米Al_2O_3含量为7%时达到0.107 W/(m·K)。     

纳米MH/AF/NBR复合材料物理力学性能及耐热阻燃机理

为了获得具有较好物理力学性能和耐热阻燃性能的橡胶密封材料,以NBR、芳纶纤维(AF)和纳米Mg(OH)₂(MH)为主要原料制备了纳米MH/AF/NBR复合材料.研究了纳米MH和AF不同配比时,复合材料的物理力学性能变化、耐热阻燃性能变化.结果表明:纳米MH对复合材料内部结构有很好的补强作用,而AF添加量较多时,与橡胶的结合强度有变差的趋势.不同配比的纳米MH与AF能够有效改善NBR的物理力学性能.当纳米MH与AF填料配比份数配比为20/10时,复合材料的拉伸强度、定伸应力可以提高4%左右,永久压缩变形降低1%左右,当纳米MH/AF份数配比为30/10时,硬度提高到73度.比较发现纳米MH的阻燃性能要优于AF,纳米MH/AF份数配比为10/10时,复合材料分解温度提高了近20℃,MH/AF填料的加入改善了NBR原有的热稳定性,且复合材料燃烧时烟气生成量较小,为该类复合材料在密封等领域进一步应用奠定了基础.