偶联剂和离子液体改性白炭黑补强天然橡胶性能的研究

研究偶联剂(Si69和B-69)与离子液体溴化1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑(BMIM)单用和并用改性白炭黑补强天然橡胶(NR)的性能。结果表明:与未改性白炭黑补强NR胶料相比,偶联剂Si69、偶联剂B-69和BMIM改性白炭黑补强NR胶料的硫化速率加快,Payne效应减弱,物理性能和耐磨性能提高,滚动阻力降低,偶联剂Si69改性白炭黑的效果优于偶联剂B-69;与偶联剂单用改性白炭黑补强NR胶料相比,偶联剂/BMIM并用改性白炭黑补强NR胶料的硫化速率加快,白炭黑与NR相互作用增强,交联密度增大,物理性能和耐磨性能显著提高,滚动阻力降低,偶联剂B-69/BMIM并用改性白炭黑补强NR胶料的滚动阻力小于偶联剂Si69/BMIM并用改性白炭黑补强NR胶料,抗湿滑性能相差不大;BMIM改性白炭黑补强NR胶料的综合性能最佳。     

白炭黑改性剂对天然橡胶性能的影响

研究硅烷偶联剂(偶联剂Si69和KH570)和表面活性剂[聚乙二醇(PEG)和十八醇]作为白炭黑改性剂对天然橡胶(NR)性能的影响。结果表明:与无改性剂胶料相比,添加改性剂胶料的硫化速度加快,填料网络结构降低;两种偶联剂和PEG胶料的交联密度增大,300%定伸应力、撕裂强度和耐磨性能提高;两种偶联剂胶料的拉伸强度提高,两种表面活性剂胶料的拉伸强度降低;两种偶联剂和十八醇胶料的结合胶质量分数增大。改性剂有助于改善白炭黑的分散性能及其与橡胶基体的作用,偶联剂Si69对白炭黑胶料的改性效果最好。     

硅烷偶联剂Si69与活性剂PEG4000协同作用改性白炭黑的研究

以全钢载重子午线轮胎用高白炭黑含量胶料配方为基体,研究硅烷偶联剂Si69与活性剂PEG4000协同作用改性白炭黑对胶料性能的影响。结果表明：硅烷偶联剂Si69和活性剂PEG4000对提高白炭黑分散效果不存在协同作用;对降低胶料的门尼粘度、延长t₁₀及提高硫化胶的抗硫化返原率、硬度、定伸应力和降低生热方面存在明显的协同作用;硅烷偶联剂Si69用量为5.2份、活性剂PEG4000用量为3份时,胶料的门尼粘度和硫化胶的生热最低,硫化胶的定伸应力、拉伸强度和拉断伸长率均较高,综合性能较佳。     

白炭黑的有机化改性

考察白炭黑改性工艺对白炭黑胶料性能的影响,研究白炭黑表面原位接枝改性剂XM的应用。结果表明:用白炭黑预混炼改性工艺和白炭黑预处理改性工艺对白炭黑进行有机化改性,白炭黑胶料的性能提高;与白炭黑预混炼改性工艺胶料相比,白炭黑预处理改性工艺胶料的混炼工艺简单,形成的乙醇气体少,偶联剂Si69用量小,强度性能、耐磨性能、耐屈挠性能和抗刺扎性能提高,生热明显降低;采用改性剂XM改性白炭黑,胶料的加工安全性能和抗硫化返原性能提高,拉伸强度、拉断伸长率、撕裂强度和正硫化时的定伸应力提高,耐热老化性能较好。改性剂XM的应用为解决硅烷偶联剂产生乙醇气体和影响胶料加工安全性能提供了思路。     

不同改性剂对白炭黑填充EPDM粘合性能及力学性能的影响

研究了不同改性剂改性白炭黑对EPDM胶料粘合性能、硫化特性、力学性能的影响。结果表明,改性白炭黑对混炼胶的粘合性能均有提高,其中KH550改性白炭黑增粘效果更好,最佳用量为25份;随着白炭黑及改性白炭黑用量的增加,胶料工艺正硫化时间延长;硫化胶定伸应力提高,拉断伸长率降低。     

NR/改性气相法白炭黑复合材料的性能研究

在改性气相法自炭黑填充NR胶料中加入粘合剂RH，研究粘合剂RH用量对胶料性能的影响，并与偶联剂Si69／气相法白炭黑胶料进行对比。结果表明，粘合剂RH的加入明显改善了硫化胶的物理性能，拉伸强度提高10％以上；粘合剂RH用量为4份时，硫化胶的综合物理性能最佳；有机改性剂M2改性气相法白炭黑参与了橡胶的共硫化，使硫化胶的交联密度增大；偶联剂Si69对硫化胶物理性能的改善效果不及粘合剂RH。     

改性白炭黑补强天然橡胶的性能研究

采用偶联剂Si69对白炭黑进行表面改性,研究改性白炭黑对天然橡胶胶料性能的影响。结果表明:与未改性白炭黑胶料相比,改性白炭黑胶料的加工安全性和硫化效率提升,硫化胶的300%定伸应力、拉伸强度、撕裂强度、耐磨性能和耐2级裂口屈挠性能提高,滚动阻力和动态生热性能略有改善,但抗湿滑性能略有下降;扫描电镜分析表明,改性白炭黑在橡胶基体中的分散性及其与橡胶基体的相容性改善。     

端基改性溶聚丁苯橡胶对应用性能的提高

以溶聚丁苯橡胶(SSBR)Buna VSL4526、T3830、巴陵石化端基改性产品SSBR3343S和SSBR2563S为基体,以白炭黑为补强剂,对比研究4种胶料的硫化特性、物理性能、动态力学性能、耐磨性能和抗湿滑性能。结果表明,与Buna VSL4526、T3830胶料相比,端基改性的SSBR2563S和SSBR3343S白炭黑填充胶料的硫化速度快、操作安全性较好;硫化胶的物理机械性能、耐磨性能和抗湿滑性能较优。     

核桃壳粉/丁苯橡胶复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用核桃壳粉(WSP)和丁苯橡胶(SBR)制备WSP/SBR复合材料,研究WSP和偶联剂Si69对复合材料硫化特性、物理性能和动态性能的影响。结果表明,添加未改性的WSP,混炼胶的F_(max)-F_L总体减小,复合材料的物理性能降低,抗湿滑性能提高;经偶联剂Si69改性后,混炼胶的硫化时间延长,交联密度增大,复合材料的拉伸强度提高,耐磨性能改善,压缩疲劳温升降低,胶料的抗湿滑性能提高,滚动阻力降低。     

改性白炭黑补强NR/TPI的性能研究

本文选用双-(γ-三乙氧基硅基丙基)四硫化物(Si-69)为改性剂,利用球磨法制备了接枝改性白炭黑。利用热失重法(TG)分析了改性剂用量和改性时间等因素对接枝率的影响。将改性白炭黑用于天然橡胶(NR)/ 反式聚异戊二烯(TPI)的补强中,比较了未改性白炭黑和改性白炭黑对胶料的硫化性能、物理机械性能和动态性能等的影响。结果表明,在0~12份范围内,改性剂用量越大,白炭黑接枝率越高,但综合物理机械性能最佳值则出现在改性剂用量为10份时。在15~45 min范围内,改性时间对白炭黑接枝率影响不明显,但当改性时间为45 min时,综合物理机械性能最佳。白炭黑经接枝改性后改善了其在橡胶基体中的分散性和与橡胶基体的相容性,添加改性白炭黑胶料的抗湿滑性能、滚动阻力和动态生热性能均有改善。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

A study of miscibility of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure

The miscibility of various amorphous polybutadienes with mixed microstructures of 1,4 addition units (cis, 1,4 and trans 1,4) and 1,2 addition units have been investigated. The studies here involved optical transparency, differential scanning calorimetry, and small angle light scattering. It was found that a 90 percent (cis) 1, 4 addition polybutadiene was immiscible with high (91 percent) 1,2 addition polybutadiene. Reduction of the 1,2 content to 71 percent induced an upper critical solution temperature (UCST) with the cis 1,4 polymer. Polybutadienes with 50 percent and 10 percent 1,2 contents were miscible above the crystalline melting temperature of the cis 1,4 polybutadiene. Immiscibility of the 91 percent 1,2 addition polymer was also found with a 10 percent 1,2 polybutadiene. The latter polymer also exhibits an UCST with the 71 percent 1,2 polymer. The results are used to interpret the characteristics of blends of polybutadienes of varying microstructure.     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

粉煤灰中烧失量检测的不确定度分析

以F类粉煤灰为例,详细介绍了测定粉煤灰中烧失量的步骤、计算数学模型、影响测量不确定度的因素以及各项测量不确定度分量评定,人员、设备、材料、方法、环境都是影响测量不确定的因素。     

生物油的成分分析及物性测定

以添加FeCl2的ZnCl2-KCl混合熔盐裂解纤维素和秸秆,制得生物油。采用傅立叶变换红外光谱法和气相色谱-质谱法分析生物油的成分。结果表明,生物油中成分复杂,含有氧元素、多种有机化合物,主要包括酮类、醛类、酚类及羧酸类等。测定了20～80℃生物油的密度和粘度,发现生物油的密度与温度呈较好线性关系,而生物油的粘度均大于水的粘度,且不同熔盐体系对秸秆生物油的粘度无较大影响。     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

分解炉扩径的技术改造

我厂3号回转窑(Φ4m×60m)生产线在1996年年底由SP窑(产量912t/d)改为NSP窑(产量1320t/d),预分解系统为四级旋风预热器带离线式分解炉     

Process of acceleration of filtration of viscose

Conclusions It is significant that the purification on a single passage of viscose through porous ceramic corresponds to the result of a two-stage filtration of it in industrial filter-presses with standard fillings.Kiev Combine. Kiev Technological Institute of Light Industry. Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 3, pp. 20–22, May–June, 1969.