不同锌材的三价铬钝化效果

分别对纯锌片、钢铁镀锌片及含杂质锌片3种锌材进行三价铬钝化处理,钝化液组成及工艺条件为:硝酸铬50g/L,硝酸钠25～55 g/L,柠檬酸25～50 g/L,氯化钠70～80 g/L,硫酸钴25～50g/L,室温,pH 2.0,时间30～90 s.对比了不同锌材表面钝化膜的外观、金相形貌及耐蚀性等性能.结果表明,三价铬...     

钢铁表面氟铁酸钾转化膜技术研究

在钢铁表面制得了氟铁酸钾转化膜,主要工艺流程包括酸洗、钝化、吹干和上漆,钝化液配方及工艺条件为：氟化钾100～130g／L,浓硝酸70～80mL／L,四价无机钛盐促进剂0．5～1．0g／L,室温,DH2～3,时间15～30min。采用金相显微镜、EDS能谱和硫酸铜点滴试验等方法对膜的表面形貌、元素组成和耐蚀性进行了测试。结果表明,     

高耐蚀性锌铁低磷三元合金电镀工艺的开发与研究第二部分——低铬彩钝工艺及钝化液、钝化层的性能

与锌铁低磷三元合金电镀工艺相配套的低铬彩色钝化液主要由13 g/L CrO3、10 g/L活化剂和适量含硅化合物组成.钝化膜封闭的工艺条件为:有机硅溶液20 mL/L,甘油40 mL/L,表面活性剂少许,pH3～5,室温,浸泡时间30S.采用扫描电镜和透射电镜分析了钝化膜的微观形貌.通过在5％(质量分数)NaCl溶液中的极化曲线测量以及中性盐雾试验,考察了钝化膜的耐蚀性.结果表明,含硅钝化膜耐80℃热水浸泡3 min及耐120℃热冲击1h的性能优于常规钝化膜.加入稳定剂可使含硅钝化液存放4个月而不发生凝胶现象.封闭后,钝化膜的微裂纹中填充了纳米SiO2,其憎水性明显提高.     

镀锡板高锰酸盐体系钝化膜的制备及表征

研究了高锰酸钾的质量浓度、钼酸铵的质量浓度和钝化温度对镀锡板高锰酸盐体系钝化膜的影响。采用硫酸铜点滴试验和电化学测试方法考察钝化膜的耐蚀性。通过单因素试验得到了最佳配方和工艺条件:高锰酸钾20g/L,钼酸铵25g/L,磷酸80mL/L,钝化时间10s,电流密度0.2A/cm~2,钝化温度30℃。采用最佳配方和工艺条件制备的钝化膜均匀地覆盖在镀锡板表面,起到了很好的保护作用。     

无钴硫酸体系三价铬黑色钝化工艺

以过渡金属硫化物M替代钴(镍)盐作发黑剂,在镀锌层表面得到黑色钝化膜。钝化液的配方与工艺为:Cr2(SO4)335g/L,有机羧酸X6g/L,柠檬酸32g/L,过渡金属硫化物M2g/L,FeSO410g/L,NaNO37g/L,NaH2PO415g/L,pH=2.0,室温,时间30s。钝化膜层乌黑均匀、附着力合格;经封闭后的三价铬黑色钝化膜,其耐蚀性等级高于市售含钴盐发黑剂的三价铬黑色钝化膜,且达到六价铬钝化的耐蚀等级;钝化膜中不含六价铬;钝化液性能稳定。     

高耐蚀性镀锌层三价铬蓝白色钝化工艺

开发了一种环保的镀锌层三价铬蓝白色钝化工艺。研究了钝化液中CrCl3·6H2O、Na3C6H5O7、NaNO3、钴盐等成分及pH和温度等工艺参数对钝化膜外观和耐蚀性的影响。蓝白钝化的最佳工艺条件为:CrCl3·6H2O 48g/L,NaNO3 20g/L,Na3C6H5O7 18g/L,钴盐18g/L,室温,pH1.5,钝化时间8s。采用最佳工艺所得钝化膜为光亮、均匀的蓝白色,表面平整、致密,耐蚀性优于镀锌层。     

四酸型镀锌层军绿色钝化工艺

提出了一种镀锌层四酸型军绿色钝化工艺。研究了钝化液中4种酸的含量和钝化时间对钝化膜外观和耐蚀性的影响。确定最佳工艺条件为:CrO36g/L,H3PO42mL/L,H2SO42mL/L,H3NO33mL/L,温度25℃,pH1.5,钝化时间100s。所得钝化膜为光亮的军绿色,耐蚀性较镀锌层好。     

镀锌低铬钝化故障处理

0前言 镀锌低铬钝化从上世纪70年代中期起,由180g/L、40 g/L高铬二次钝化基础上降到2～5 g/L低铬钝化新工艺,并且钝化膜的耐蚀性基本上可达到高铬钝化的耐蚀性,初步解决了环境污染问题.本文将低铬彩钝化和白钝化常见的膜层缺陷、产生原因及处理方法,汇总如下.     

镀锡板铬酸钝化工艺研究

采用铬酸溶液对镀锡板进行钝化,对钝化液组成、阴极电流密度、温度等工艺条件进行研究,通过宏观表面质量、钝化膜的组成、漆膜附着力评价等方面对钝化膜的性能进行考察.结果表明:在50 g/L CrO3+0.5 g/L H2SO4的钝化液中,阴极钝化电流密度控制在6～10 A/dm2、温度保持在50～60℃较为合适;在此条件下得到钝化膜总Cr含量达到10 mg/m2且Cr(OH)3/Cr2O3含量比在0.9～1.5,钝化膜附着力较优,耐蒸煮.     

锡青铜钝化工艺优化

本文采用大量工艺试验研究并确定了锡青铜材料化学钝化处理的最佳工艺配方和参数,并采用硝酸点滴方法对钝化膜的耐腐蚀性能进行了验证。结果表明,最佳钝化工艺参数为:重铬酸钠120~130 g/L,硫酸4.8~5.2 g/L,氯化钠7~8 g/L,温度θ为22℃,钝化时间t为4 s。处理后的锡青铜表面形成了光亮的彩虹色钝化膜,耐硝酸点滴试验的时间延长了3倍多,提高了锡青铜钝化膜层的耐腐蚀性能。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.