一种多孔可吸收明胶海绵止血材料应用优势比较

探讨可吸收性明胶海绵材料止血应用中效果。采用前瞻性病例对照研究方法，随机分为观察组(使用明胶海绵止血)和对照组(使用止血粉进行止血)。观察2种止血材料的术中使用效果，并分别比较2组的术中止血时间、术中出血量以及术后3 d引流量。结果表明，2组在使用止血材料后收缩压、舒张压均较使用前明显上升(P<0.05),使用后心率均明显下降(P<0.001);观察组术中止血时间、出血量和术后3 d引流量分别为(2.65±0.43)min、(105.55±20.53)mL和(66.38±20.07)mL;对照组术中止血时间、出血量和术后3 d引流量分别为(4.16±1.35)min、(210.65±25.85)mL和(151.76±35.33)mL,且组间比较差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.001)。2种止血材料均在成人股骨颈骨折内固定术中有着安全可靠的止血效果，相较止血粉，可吸收明胶海绵能够缩短术中止血时间，减少术中出血量和术后3 d引流量，其有着更好的止血效能。     

壳聚糖基碘抑菌膜的制备与性质研究

以壳聚糖(CTS)和3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)为原料合成壳聚糖衍生物——季铵盐壳聚糖(HTCC),HTCC与聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混得季铵盐壳聚糖膜(HTCC-PVA),将其浸没于0.02 mol/L碘乙醇溶液中得含碘季铵盐壳聚糖膜(HTCC-PVA-I2)。用IR光谱、SEM和XRD进行表征。碘含量分析表明:膜中HTCC质量分数越高其吸附碘量越大。抑菌性测试表明:HTCC-PVA-I2膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌环直径分别为(23±1)mm和(28±1)mm,均为高度敏感。     

壳聚糖基碘抑菌膜的制备与性质

以壳聚糖(CTS)和3-氯-2-羟丙基三甲基氯化铵(CTA)为原料合成壳聚糖衍生物——季铵盐壳聚糖(HTCC),HTCC与聚乙烯醇(PVA)共混得季铵盐壳聚糖膜(HTCC-PVA),将其浸没于0.02 mol/L碘乙醇溶液中得含碘季铵盐壳聚糖膜(HTCC-PVA-I2)。用IR光谱、SEM和XRD进行表征。碘含量分析表明:膜中HTCC质量分数越高其吸附碘量越大。抑菌性测试表明:HTCC-PVA-I2膜对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌环直径分别为(23±1)mm和(28±1)mm,均为高度敏感。     

灵寿高岭土原矿在水泥基材料中的应用研究

对河北灵寿县高岭土原矿进行表征分析,包括X射线衍射和热重差热分析,并将其在程序实验炉内煅烧,煅烧温度设为550、650、750和850℃,煅烧时间为1、2和3h以制得活性偏高岭土.利用强度活性指数测试法确定各偏高岭土试样的活性,并分析其作为水泥替代材料的潜力.结果表明煅烧至650℃、3h制得的偏高岭土活性最高,替代20％水泥的砂浆28 d抗压强度可达到纯水泥砂浆强度的90％.     

壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇吸附膜的制备及对Cd2+吸附性能的研究

采用浸渍沉淀相分离法制备了壳聚糖-聚乙烯醇(CS-PVA)吸附膜。通过扫描电子显微镜表征证实,此法制得的膜表面粗糙多孔,是一种疏松结构,对Cd2+的吸附效果大大高于流延法制得的光滑致密膜。对浸渍沉淀相分离法制得的膜进行了吸附时间、吸附pH以及吸附剂量等影响因素的考察,结果表明,这些因素对Cd2+的去除率影响显著,在pH=6、吸附膜质量与初始质量浓度100 mg/L的Cd2+溶液体积比为50 mg/mL、吸附时间240 min时,Cd2+的去除率最大。对吸附前后膜结构的变化进行了红外光谱仪、X射线衍射仪的分析,并对膜的"吸附-脱附"循环使用次数进行了研究,确定此法制得吸附膜性能稳定,可以有效去除Cd2+。     

水转印用PVA水解膜的研究

以聚乙烯醇1788(PVA)作为原料,以甘油(丙三醇)作为增塑剂,采用流延法制作水转印膜,研究水解膜溶解时间、平衡含水率及制膜溶液粘度的影响因素。实验发现,聚乙烯醇薄膜的溶解时间会随着溶解水温、甘油比例的增加而减少,随着膜厚的增加而增加;薄膜的平衡含水率随着环境湿度及甘油比例的增加而增加,且平衡含水率在甘油质量分数小于6%时增加平缓,大于6%时增加比较迅速;在聚乙烯醇水溶液中添加一定的甘油后,随着甘油比例的增加,聚乙烯醇水溶液的粘度会相对减小;在低剪切速率下,质量分数为15%聚乙烯醇水溶液粘度会随着剪切速率的增加而增加。     

正交实验法优化氯甲基化聚砜／聚砜共混膜的季铵化条件

将氯甲基化聚砜(CMPSF)/聚砜(PSF)共混膜浸于三甲胺溶液中制得季铵化聚砜(QMPSF)/聚砜(PSF)膜.采用正交实验考察了季铵化反应条件如季铵化温度、季铵化时间、三甲胺浓度等对QMPSF/PSF膜性能的影响,优化了季铵化条件,制得了性能较佳的季铵化QMPSF/PSF膜.研究结果表明,在0.2MPa压力下.制备的季铵化QMPSF/PSF膜的水通量为31.35 L/(m2·h),对相对分子质量为31 000～50 000的聚乙烯醇溶液的截留率为89.6%.     

硼砂尿素复合改性聚乙烯醇制备可降解包装材料

硼砂、尿素复合改性聚乙烯醇实验表明:在6%聚乙烯醇溶液中加硼砂、尿素、甘油分别为聚乙烯醇质量的1.2%、5%、0.16%,在反应温度为80℃、pH=8的条件下制得糊状材料。再用聚四氟乙烯模具制成膜,膜经100℃烘干1.5~2 h,得到厚度为0.050 mm可降解包装膜,该膜经测定:拉力强度7.8 N/mm2,拉伸强度1.2 N/mm2,断裂强度1.3 N/mm2,断裂伸长率247.9%。膜在4%乙酸中溶出度2.09 mg/L,乙醇溶出度1.17 mg/L,高锰酸钾指数38.14 mg/L。包装膜降解实验表明:膜累计降解150 d后,降解率达88%。膜封口试验表明:封口部位断裂强度55.6 N/mm2,符合生产使用要求。     

基于电纺NiI2/TPU纳米纤维膜的湿敏变色传感器的制备及性能

以热塑性聚氨酯(TPU)母粒、碘化镍为原料,通过静电纺丝法制备了基于碘化镍/热塑性聚氨酯(NiI2/TPU)纳米纤维膜,将NiI2/TPU纳米纤维膜贴合在聚酰亚胺(PI)基叉指电极上制得湿度传感器.对纳米纤维膜的表面形貌及微观结构进行了表征分析,并研究了该传感器基于颜色变化和电阻电容响应的湿度敏感特性.结果表明,由于碘化镍的颜色变化特性,随相对湿度(RH)从0增加到97％,NiI2/TPU纳米纤维膜显示了从橘红色到黄绿色的颜色转变.此外,该湿度传感器表现出快速的响应/回复时间(0.9 s/9.9 s)、较宽的湿度监测区间(0～97％RH)、较小的洄滞度(0.4％RH)以及优异的稳定性能(>30 d).     

逆向热致相分离法(RTIPS)制备PES/DMAc/DEG体系微孔膜及其性能表征

以PES/DMAc/DEG低临界共溶温度(LCST)体系为铸膜液,利用低临界共溶温度(LCST)的热致相分离(LCST-TIPS,简称RTIPS)法制备PES微孔膜。探究影响PES微孔膜理化性能及其结构的2个主要因素:凝胶浴温度、非溶剂(DEG)/溶剂(DMAc)的质量比。运用扫描电镜(SEM)﹑纯水通量﹑BSA截留率和机械强度表征微孔膜的结构和性能。试验结果表明:随DEG∶DMAc质量比增加,PES/DMAc/DEG体系的相分离温度降低;SEM结果显示,RTIPS法制备的PES微孔膜表面有明显的微孔,断面呈现双连续海绵状结构;当DEG∶DMAc质量比为0.9∶1、凝胶浴温度为80℃时,PES/DMAc/DEG体系制得的PES膜的渗透性能和机械性能最优:纯水通量为1 230 L/(m^2·h),断裂强度为1.95 MPa。PES/DMAc/DEG体系制得的最优性能的PES平板膜MSWDEG-2-80的应用结果显示,其对膜进水中的UV254具有较好的去除效果,且膜出水浊度稳定,为(0.23±0.01) NTU。     

胶原在止血材料中的应用研究进展

综述了近几年胶原作为止血材料的研究应用状况。     

介孔硅材料在止血应用方面的研究进展

介绍了介孔硅材料的类型以及合成方法,综述了以介孔硅材料为基材的止血材料的研究现状,主要包括介孔硅材料、介孔硅与有机材料的复合、介孔硅与金属离子材料的复合,介孔硅材料均显示了良好的止血和抗菌性能,最后展望了介孔硅与其他材料复合在止血应用方面的前景。     

Do hemostatic agents affect shear bond strength and clinical bond failure rate of orthodontic brackets?

To evaluate the effects of different hemostatic agents on the shear bond strength (SBS) in vitro and clinical bond failure rate of orthodontic metal brackets in vivo. A total of 100 human premolar teeth were randomly divided into five groups: control, blood, Viscostat, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), and epinephrine. Teeth were bonded with same light-cured adhesive and composite. After storage in distilled water for 24 h, thermal cycling was used as an aging procedure on all samples. The brackets were subjected to an SBS test at a speed of 0.5 mm/min until bracket debonding. SBS values and the adhesive remnant index were evaluated. Ninety-nine patients (52 female, 47 males) undergoing routine orthodontic treatment were recruited for this controlled clinical study at bonding stages. All patients with bleeding on the buccal surface of any premolar tooth or teeth at bonding were included in this study. Over 6 months, the bond failure rate was calculated. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test (p < .05). The McNemar test was used to compare bracket-bond failure. ANOVA showed a significant difference (p < .001) between the groups. No significant differences were found between the hemostatic agent groups (p > 0.05) in the in vitro part. The lowest failure rate was obtained in the control group rather than the hemostatic agent groups during clinical follow-up (p < 0.05). Each of the hemostatic agents (Viscostat, H₂O₂, and epinephrine) can be used for bleeding management during the orthodontic bonding process. Epinephrine application showed a high bond-failure rate at clinical follow-up.     

The influence of blood and/or hemostatic agent contamination on Micro-TBS to dentin

Aim: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of blood contamination and hemostatic agent Ankaferd Blood Stopper (ABS: Ankaferd Drug Inc, Istanbul, Turkey) on the microtensile bond strength of a self-etching adhesive. Material and methods: Flat dentin surfaces were created from 40-M teeth and randomly divided to four groups according to contamination and adhesive procedure. The specimens of Group 1 are contaminated with blood; ABS was applied to the specimens of Group 2 after blood contamination and applied to the specimens of Group 3 without blood contamination. Group 4 is control group and self-etching adhesive was applied to all specimens. Teeth were restored with a nanohybrid composite. The specimens were sectioned to the beams and microtensile testing was carried out and the data were statistically analyzed with analysis of variance test. Tukey’s honestly significant difference post hoc test was also performed for multiple comparisons to compare subgroups. Results: Group 4 had the highest strength value, followed by Group 3, while Group 1, which contacts only with blood, had the lowest strength value. Conclusion: ABS has a negative effect on the bond strength of one-step self-etching adhesive system.     

Development of natural fiber-supported high-strength autologous fibrin glue from human plasma

Abstract

Commercially available fibrin glue is expensive and contains fibrin and thrombin from different sources. This limits the use of this glue for bonding regular wounds, increases the cost for cardiovascular surgeries and aggravates the risk of inflammatory and immune systemic allergic reactions. This study aims to develop a stronger and affordable fibrin glue synthesized from the patient’s own plasma within a few minutes. Fibrin glue was synthesized by combining calcium chloride with human plasma and a gel-like adhesive was prepared for direct application. Different properties and morphological features of the autologous glue along with the fiber-supported one were evaluated for different concentrations (5, 10 and 20% w/v) of calcium chloride. 10% calcium chloride was found as the optimum with clotting time varying from 8 to 25?min for frozen plasma and 3?min for freshly prepared plasma. The average adhesion strength was 46.2, 55.8 and 40.5?g/cm² for 5, 10 and 20% calcium chloride, respectively. The adhesion strength increased up to 74.8?g/cm² due to the addition of 1?mL of 0.5% cellulose that addresses the issue of weaker adhesion strength found in typical autologous glue. The average water content was the lowest for 10% calcium chloride and was reduced to 15.3% after cellulose addition. The proposed fibrin glue has high adhesion strength like the commercial ones and can be prepared in a few minutes. This affordable, enhanced fibrin glue has the potential to be used in a wide range of applications without the risk of possible inflammatory and allergic reactions.     

Development of Antibacterial and Hemostatic PCL/Zein/ZnO-Quaternary Ammonium Salts NPs Composite Mats as Wound Dressings

Wound dressings are usually employed to maintain suitable conditions around the injured skin to accelerate wound healing. This paper aims to report functional composite dressings combined with polycaprolactone (PCL) nanofibers, self-assembly zein coating and modified ZnO nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) for wound management. The synthetic compounds and prepared composite dressings are characterized by Fourier infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Meanwhile, the water vapor transmission rate, hemostatic performance, antibacterial activity, and cytocompatibility of the composite dressings are systematically tested to evaluate their applicability in wound treatment. The results show that the multilayer dressings can retain moisture and prevent excessive dehydration of wound. In vitro hemostatic test is conducted, and the enhanced blood clotting capacity and the activation of platelets indicate that the desired dressings are able to control hemorrhaging from wound. Meanwhile, the composite dressings with excellent biocidal efficacy against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (6.01 Log within 30 min) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli O157:H7 (6.04 Log within 30 min) can effectively prevent wound infection. Furthermore, the dressings show no toxicity which are evidenced in hemolysis and cytocompatibility evaluation, and have potential application for wound healing.     

基于Abaqus的医用塑料止血夹结构仿真分析及优化设计

以医用止血夹为研究对象,分析其受力状况并建立力学模型,应用Abaqus软件对其闭合过程中的受力变形和应力应变情况进行模拟仿真分析,并根据分析结果对产品结构进行优化设计。结果表明,优化后止血夹闭合时塑性铰处的塑性应变比原方案降低了60.5 %,确保产品能够满足使用要求。     

烷基化壳聚糖/多巴胺/氧化石墨烯粉末用于快速止血

壳聚糖（CS）及其衍生物价廉易得，止血性及生物相容性良好，广泛应用于抗菌、止血等材料的开发。使用十二醛对CS进行N-烷基化改性制备烷基化壳聚糖（N-CS），并在乙酸溶液中将N-CS嵌入到多巴胺修饰的氧化石墨烯（DGO）骨架中制备新型的止血粉末（N-CS/DGO）。FTIR，SEM和BET等表明N-CS/DGO止血粉末表面含有大量的活性基团，且具有优异的亲水性，大比表面积以及丰富的孔结构。DGO占比为15%具有最佳止血潜力，此时材料的吸水率为430%,降解速度适宜，五周达到88%，对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌抑菌圈分别为1.92 mm、1.98 mm，具备一定抑菌能力，凝血指数达到最小值32%，体外凝血时间缩短至126±6 s，这些都表明N-CS/DGO材料具备止血方面的潜力。     

Synthesis of superabsorbent hydrogel nanocomposites for use as hemostatic agent

Uncontrolled hemorrhage continues to be the major cause of death in trauma. In this study, the authors prepared hydrogel nanocomposites (HNCs) using three different nanoparticles, SiO₂, natural clinoptilolite (nC), and Ca²⁺-modified clinoptilolite (mC). Fast-swelling superabsorbent hydrogel was used as a matrix of NCs. The hydrogel and HNCs were characterized by FTIR, XRD, FE-SEM, and TGA. The hemocompatibility of HNCs was evaluated by hemolysis test and blood cells function. HNC formed a physical barrier by dehydrating the injury site and concentrating clotting factors. Additionally, highly charged nanoparticles, promoted local hemostasis by activating the intrinsic pathway of the blood coagulation cascade.     

中药治疗功能性子宫出血案例分析

目的观察中药治疗功能性子宫出血的疗效。方法共观察本病45例,急性出血期用自拟固冲1号方止血,出血减少缓解期给予辩证施治,血止后中药人工周期调理以善后。1个月经周期为1个疗程,连续3个疗程。结果痊愈18例(占40.6%),显效14例(占31.2),有效10例(占21.8%),无效3例(占6.2%),总有效率93.8%。