羊毛染色用酸性染料

酸性染料是含有负电荷基团的，如磺酸基等阴离子性染料。酸性染料的名称源于酸性浴的使用。鉴于磺酸基的强酸性，它在水中实际上是完全电离的。染浴中使用酸的范围从硫酸至醋酸铵盐，羊毛纤维吸收酸并使纤维的氨基质子化了。因此，染色过程包括了离子的交换过程，并在染浴中产生羊毛纤维上的铵离子与染料阴离子的结合。     

分散/酸性染料——Forosyne深蓝SE-RL

Forosyne深蓝SE-RL是山道士公司生产的涤纶/羊毛混纺织物染色和印花用分散/酸性染料。该染料以其多功能性而优于其它染料,适用于各种常规染色法(98～120℃)和精梳纱、纱线、涤/纶羊毛混纺织物(混纺比为55/45,70/30)的印花。该染料的生产和使用牢度均符合Foro-syne SE型染料的标准。用该染料所染的色泽,甚至在染深色时耐磨牢度良好,且无需采用     

山道士公司在天津技术座谈报导

山道士公司于1982年11月20～26日在天津举行技术座谈,介绍的内容分八个部分:即染料制造部门如何为染整工业降低能源创造条件;涤/棉机织物和针织物前处理中使用的助剂;RD染料快速染色和涤/棉混纺织物的浸染;活性固色染料Indosol;活性染料DrimareneR用于(腊防)印花;涤纶的拔染印花;染羊毛用的Sandolan染料和Lanasyn S染料用于羊毛、锦纶、蚕丝的印染等。并在天津针织厂、印染厂     

实用染色的若干应用技术（24）

问：如何正确使用好酸性金属络合染料？ 答：酸性金属络合染料，如1：1型金属络合染料在生产中，可以像普通酸性染料一样染羊毛、蚕丝和锦纶织物。据文献记载，金属络合染料，用普通酸性染料的染色方法，无需再用铬媒剂，就能直接与羊毛产生盐结合，染法方便，染色牢度与媒介染料相近。如采用酸性络合黄N-WA、红N—WA、蓝N—WA和黑N—WA染料（上虞光明化工厂）对羊毛针织物、真丝双绉和锦纶（尼丝纺）进行染色试验，处方与工艺条件见表1。     

改性羊毛的染色性及染料的选择

比较了氯化改性和拉伸改性羊毛的染色性。氯化改性羊毛的上色速率、上染平衡比原毛快,各项色样牢度基本相同或略高;在拉伸羊毛的拉伸率较高时,其上染率和平衡上染率会明显提高;拉伸(不)定型和染色条件对染色性能有明显影响。选择了1:1金属络合染料、1:2金属络合染料和溴代丙烯酰类毛用活性染料对改性羊毛染色,探讨了染色机理,在两种改性羊毛达到了低温染色的要求,80℃时上染速度快、上染率高,能透染。     

改性羊毛的染色性及染料的选择

比较了氯化改性和拉伸改性羊毛的染色性。氯化改性羊毛的上色速率、上染平衡比原毛快,各项色样牢度基本相同或略高;在拉伸羊毛的拉伸率较高时,其上染率和平衡上染率会明显提高;拉伸(不)定型和染色条件对染色性能有明显影响。选择了1:1金属络合染料、1:2金属络合染料和溴代丙烯酰类毛用活性染料对改性羊毛染色,探讨了染色机理,在两种改性羊毛达到了低温染色的要求,80℃时上染速度快、上染率高,能透染。     

平平加O在羊毛弱酸性染料染色中的作用研究

一、前言平平加O是聚氧乙烯类非离子表面活性剂。在羊毛用弱酸性染料的染色中,平平加O是常用的助剂。关于非离子型表面活性剂在羊毛染色中的作用已有很多报道。Gawith在染液中加聚氧乙烯数不同的非离子表面活性剂,浓度为2.5～10％,用染物的K/S值表示染色程度,结果是非离子表面活性剂使染色程度降低。胡蓓弟等用5％的非离子表面活性剂进行了试验,结果降低了染料的上染率。上述报道没有涉及非离子表面活性剂对染色速率,特别是初染速率的影响。而在实际的染色中,非离子表面活性剂的浓度一般为1％左右,比他们     

活性染料用于拉细羊毛染色的研究

研究了四类活性染料染拉细羊毛的工艺条件和十二个染色配方。与媒介染料相比，用活性染料对拉细羊毛染色可获得更好的效果。染料的溶解度、匀染性、上色率、固色率均好于媒介染料，颜色的批差小。研究结果表明：除煮呢沾色牢度外，染色羊毛的各项牢度均优于媒介染料。     

提高深色羊绒摩擦牢度的研讨

深色羊绒摩擦牢度与纤维本身所合“杂质”有关，染色前，用合有替合剂和表面活性剂的水溶液进行前处理，用媒介染料染羊毛时添加分散替合剂，用Lanasol活性染料染羊毛时添加由异丁醇、苄醇、脂肪叔胺聚氧乙烯改组成的匀染剂可以提高摩擦牢度。探讨了染料的化学结构、染料的纯度、染料的提升力、染色后处理与干、湿摩擦牢度的关系。     

毛／涤混纺品同浴染色工艺的研究

本课题通过对国产和进口的十余种涤纶染色载体进行综合考察。测定了载体的不同品种和不同用量时涤纶染色临界温度、染色加速因数、移染效应和移染指数;染料的扩散系数;测定了分散染料的不同类型以及染色载体、分散剂、匀染剂的添加与羊毛沾污的情况。在理论研究的基础上归纳总结,得到了毛/涤混纺织物的最佳染色工艺。同时归纳出了羊毛、涤纶染料选择的范圈及载体的选择范围。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.