大茴香腈的催化合成研究

应用新型固体酸催化剂Nafion/SiO2作为催化剂在微波辐射条件下快速合成大茴香腈的方法及对催化剂用量、微波辐射时间及微波功率等对脱水反应的影响进行了研究,实验结果表明:Nafion/SiO2是大茴香醛肟脱水制备大茴香腈的良好催化剂,其反应时间短,催化剂用量少且可重复使用,收率高。脱水反应的最佳工艺条件为:催化剂用量为2.5g,苯用量为25mL,微波功率为729W,微波辐射时间为7min,平均产率达87.2%。用IR表征了产物的结构。     

碱相转移催化脱水法合成肉桂腈的研究

研究了不同碱对肉桂醛肟的催化脱水效果及不同PTC的催化作用效果,并确定了使用KOH-TBAB催化脱水法合成肉桂腈的最佳反应条件。最佳反应条件为:TBAB的用量为6%(摩尔分数),KOH的用量为15%(摩尔分数),反应温度为124～126°C,反应时间为2.5h,在此条件下肉桂醛肟转化成肉桂腈的产率达90.3%。     

无溶剂条件下氧化锌催化合成肉桂腈

以ZnO为催化剂,在无溶剂条件下,肉桂醛和盐酸羟胺通过一步法合成了肉桂腈。ZnO催化合成肉桂腈的适宜反应条件为:n(肉桂醛)∶n(盐酸羟胺)=1∶1.5,催化剂用量为肉桂醛质量的6%,反应温度120℃,反应时间1 h,肉桂腈的收率可达90.2%。ZnO商业上容易得到,是一种环境友好催化剂。     

Nafion/SiO_2催化合成环己烯

应用新型固体酸催化剂 Nafion/Si O2 作为环己醇的脱水剂 ,成功地制备了环己烯 ,并对催化剂用量、反应温度和反应时间等对脱水反应的影响进行了探讨 ,实验结果表明 :Nafion/Si O2 是环己醇脱水制备环己烯的良好催化剂 ,且反应时间短 ,后处理容易 ,催化剂用量少 ,可重复使用 ,收率高。脱水反应的最佳工艺条件为 :催化剂用量为环己醇质量的 8% ,反应温度为 1 70°C,反应时间为0 .8h。     

微波条件下 SiO2/K2CO3促进的无溶剂法由肉桂醛/NH2OH·HCI直接制备肉桂腈

以肉桂醛为原料,在无溶剂的条件下SiO2/K2CO3促进一步法直接制备肉桂腈.确定的最佳反应条件是当肉桂醛盐酸羟胺碳酸钾=11.50.85(摩尔比),SiO2用量为每mmol肉桂醛0.3～0.4 g,室温下彻底研磨均匀后,以微波730 W火力加热4～5 min,制备效果最佳.在此条件下从肉桂醛制备肉桂腈的平均得率达90.3%.     

乙酐脱水法合成肉桂腈研究

以肉桂醛为原料，在50％的乙醇水溶液中制备肉桂醛肟，然后用乙酐在124－125度温度条件下脱水1h生成肉桂腈，产率达90．3％。     

微波条件下SiO_2/K_2CO_3促进的无溶剂法由肉桂醛/NH_2OH·HCl直接制备肉桂腈

以肉桂醛为原料,在无溶剂的条件下SiO2/K2CO3促进一步法直接制备肉桂腈。确定的最佳反应条件是:当肉桂醛∶盐酸羟胺∶碳酸钾=1∶1.5∶0.85(摩尔比),SiO2用量为每mmol肉桂醛0.3~0.4 g,室温下彻底研磨均匀后,以微波730 W火力加热4~5 min,制备效果最佳。在此条件下从肉桂醛制备肉桂腈的平均得率达90.3%。     

无催化剂存在下一锅反应合成肉桂腈和茴香腈

分别以肉桂醛和茴香醛与盐酸羟胺分别为原料,在无催化剂存在下通过一锅反应高效合成了肉桂腈和茴香腈。考察了肉桂醛和茴香醛与盐酸羟胺的摩尔比、反应时间、反应温度和溶剂等因素对肉桂腈和茴香腈产率的影响。实验结果表明,N-甲基吡咯烷酮为溶剂,肉桂醛和茴香醛的加入量均为0.05mol,盐酸羟胺的加入量为0.06mol,即肉桂醛和茴香醛与盐酸羟胺的摩尔比均为1∶1.2,反应温度均为110℃,合成肉桂腈的反应时间为5h,产率在86.3%以上,合成茴香腈的反应时间为4h,产率在90.6%以上,此方法提供了简单高效合成肉桂腈和茴香腈的新策略。     

微波法合成肉桂腈研究

使用微波辐射加热法 ,以肉桂醛为原料 ,在 5 0 %乙醇水溶液中制备肉桂醛肟 ,进一步用乙酸酐使后者脱水生成肉桂腈 ,并用正交实验设计法确定了最佳脱水条件 ,在此条件下 ,从肉桂醛到肉桂腈的平均产率达 89.5 %。     

环己醇催化脱水制备环己烯

研究了复合固体超强酸SO4^2-／TiO2—SnO2催化环己醇脱水制备环己烯的反应，考察了催化剂用量、油浴温度、反应时间、催化剂重复使用对脱水反应的影响。结果表明，适宜的工艺条件为：催化剂用量为环己醇质量的8％，反应温度为160℃，反应时间为3h，催化剂可重复使用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.