镁合金磷酸盐转化膜的制备及表征

通过化学转化的方法在镁合金表面制备出具有优良性能的磷酸盐转化膜。通过单因素试验,得出最优工艺方案为:磷酸氢二钠25g/L,硝酸锌5g/L,氯化钙1g/L,亚硝酸钠4g/L,氟化钠1.5g/L,pH值2,温度55℃,时间30min。最优工艺方案下得到的磷酸盐转化膜的耐蚀性较好,耐蚀时间达到35.91s,其自腐蚀电位比镁合金基体的向负方向移动了0.3V。磷酸盐转化膜表面存在一些裂纹,若要制备更优的磷酸盐转化膜,需对其进行封闭处理。     

LY12铝合金表面钒–钛复合转化膜的制备与耐蚀性研究

为解决单一钒酸盐转化膜表面因存在裂纹而耐蚀性不佳的问题,采用由硫酸氧钛(Ti OSO4)、偏钒酸钠(Na VO3)组成的转化液,在LY12铝合金表面制备出钒–钛复合转化膜。通过中性盐雾(NSS)测试讨论了Ti OSO4和Na VO3质量浓度、时间、温度、p H等工艺条件对转化膜耐蚀性的影响,并通过单因素试验得到了最佳转化条件:Ti OSO4 0.5 g/L,Na VO3 0.4 g/L,p H 4.0,温度25°C,转化时间10 min。用扫描电镜和能谱分析了转化膜的表面形貌及元素组成。结果表明,由O、Ti、V、Al、Mg等元素组成的钒–钛复合转化膜无裂纹。LY12铝合金经转化处理后,在3.5%Na Cl溶液中的腐蚀电位较转化前正移56 m V,腐蚀电流密度减小约1/5,耐盐雾时间达到91 h,耐蚀性得到显著提高。     

EDTA对两种镁合金化学转化膜性能的影响

研究了EDTA对镁合金锡酸盐、磷酸盐化学转化膜性能的影响。采用扫描电镜观察了两种化学转化膜的表面形貌,采用X射线衍射仪分析了两种化学转化膜的成分,并采用电化学工作站测试了两种化学转化膜的耐蚀性。结果表明:加入0.3g/L EDTA的锡酸盐化学转化膜晶粒细小、均匀,堆积十分紧密,无缝隙;加入2.0g/L EDTA的磷酸盐化学转化膜结晶细小、均匀,结构致密。锡酸盐化学转化膜的相组成为Mg、Al12Mg17和MgSn(OH)6;磷酸盐化学转化膜的相组成为Mg、Al12Mg17和Mn2Mg(PO4)2。通过对比可知,加入EDTA对锡酸盐化学转化膜耐蚀性的影响更为显著。     

稀土元素对镁合金磷酸盐转化膜性能的影响

采用化学转化法在镁合金表面制备了磷酸盐转化膜,并研究了稀土元素钕和铈对磷酸盐转化膜性能的影响。结果表明:向磷酸盐转化液中加入钕元素或铈元素时,磷酸盐转化膜的耐蚀性均显著提高。加入0.4g/L钕元素和0.4g/L铈元素时,磷酸盐转化膜的耐硫酸铜点滴时间分别可以达到50.2s和54.2s。添加稀土元素未改变磷酸盐转化膜的表面形貌和组成。另外,加入0.4g/L铈元素时,磷酸盐转化膜的耐蚀性最好。     

新型铝合金三价铬复合转化膜工艺研究

为克服非六价铬铝合金转化膜耐蚀性能不佳的问题,以Cr(NO_3)_3·9H_2O、Na_2MoO_4·2H_2O、NaH_2PO_4·2H_2O为主要成膜物质,采用单因素法对转化液组分及转化条件进行优化,在5052铝合金表面制备三价铬复合转化膜。利用扫描电镜、能谱仪分析了复合膜的形貌及成分,并通过硫酸铜点滴试验、中性盐雾试验和动电位极化曲线测量研究其耐蚀性能。结果显示:以15 g/L Cr(NO_3)_3·9H_2O、10 g/L Na_2MoO_4 2H_2O、10 g/L NaH_2PO_4·2H_2O、0.15 g/L NH_4HF_2组成转化液,在pH为3.3、温度为40℃的条件下反应10 min,所得复合膜的耐蚀性较佳。该复合膜由Cr、Mo、P、O、Al、Mg等元素组成,在3.5%Nacl溶液中的腐蚀电位较基体正移了196 mV,腐蚀电流密度远小于基体。经此钝化液处理的样品在中性盐雾试验168 h后才发生点蚀。     

镁锂合金化学转化膜层的研究

在镁锂合金上形成锡酸盐和磷酸盐化学转化膜,采用SEM、EDS、XRD等分析了转化膜的结构和组成,用动电位极化曲线和析氢腐蚀实验研究了转化膜的耐腐蚀性能。结果表明:锡酸盐转化膜由细小的球形颗粒密积而成,主要成分为MgSnO3·3H2O;磷酸盐转化膜呈花形团簇状,主要成分为Zn3(PO4)2·4H2O和单质Zn。两种转化膜的耐蚀性较基体均有提高,但仍需辅以其它手段。     

镁合金ZM5“无铬”化学转化处理

采用含磷酸盐-高锰酸盐的"无铬"化学转化液处理方法,在镁合金ZM5表面形成了一层化学转化膜,用金相显微镜、腐蚀实验分别研究了化学转化膜层表面形貌、耐腐蚀性。结果表明,化学转化处理的最佳工艺条件为:KMnO4质量浓度20 g/L,Na3PO4质量浓度100 g/L,KF质量浓度40 g/L,转化液呈弱碱性,pH=7～8,温度50℃,化学转化时间40 min。在镁合金ZM5表面形成的化学转化膜耐腐蚀性能良好,对镁合金基体有较好的保护作用。     

镁合金表面Ce-Mn和Ce-Mo复合转化膜性能的研究

对镁合金表面Ce-Mn和Ce-Mo复合转化膜的性能进行了研究。镁合金Ce-Mo复合转化的最佳配方为:Ce(NO3)39g/L,Na_2MoO_4 4g/L,C_6H_5Na_3O_7·2H_2O 2g/L,温度25℃,时间10min。镁合金Ce-Mn复合转化的最佳配方为:Ce(NO_3)_3 5g/L,KMnO_4 2g/L,NH_4HF_2 0.1g/L,Na_2B_4O_7·10H_2O 0.2g/L,温度25℃,时间2min。最优配方下得到的镁合金复合转化膜平整、结晶细致。Ce-Mo复合转化膜的相组成为Mg、MoO_2、MoO_3、CeO_2和Ce2O_3;Ce-Mn复合转化膜的相组成为Mg、MgO、MnO_2、CeO_2和Ce_2O_3。两种复合转化膜的耐蚀性均比单系转化膜的耐蚀性好,其中Ce-Mo复合转化膜的耐蚀性最好。     

铝合金表面氟硅酸盐转化新工艺

以6063铝合金为基体,在由氟硅酸盐和氟化铵组成的转化液中制得无铬转化膜。以168h盐雾试验后试样未腐蚀面积分数为指标,研究了转化液组成和工艺条件对氟硅酸盐转化膜耐蚀性的影响。优化后氟硅酸盐转化的工艺参数为:Na2SiF63～5g/L,NH4F5～7g/L,pH5.5～6.5,温度25～35°C,转化时间12～16min。经氟硅酸盐处理后,铝合金表面得到由F、Al、Na、O和Si组成的、致密的无铬转化膜,铝合金的自腐蚀电位显著正移,耐蚀性提高。     

Mg-8.5Li合金表面磷酸盐转化成膜

利用自行研发的新型磷酸盐转化液在Mg-8.5Li合金表面制备了磷酸盐转化膜。分别利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线光电子能谱(XPS)分析了磷酸盐转化膜的表面形貌和组成。SEM的测试结果表明:均匀致密的黑色磷酸盐转化膜完整地覆盖了基体表面,膜层中存在细小的不规则裂纹,但没有出现明显的缺陷。XPS的分析结果表明:磷酸盐转化膜主要由MgO,Mg(OH)2和Mg3(PO4)2组成。应用极化曲线和电化学阻抗谱测试技术,研究了基体及磷酸盐转化膜在质量分数为3.5%的NaCl溶液中的耐蚀性。测试结果表明:磷酸盐转化膜提高了基体的耐蚀性。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。