P507溶于煤油作为载体的一种新型分散组合液膜对Eu3+的分离

The separation of Eu3+ is studied with a dispersion combined liquid membrane (DCLM), in which polyvinylidene fluoride membrane (PVDF) is used as the liquid membrane support, dispersion solution containing HCl solution as the stripping solution, and 2-ethyl hexyl phosphonic acid-mono-2-ethyl hexyl ester (P507) dissolved in kerosene as the membrane solution. The effects of pH value, initial concentration of Eu3+ and different ionic strength in the feed phase, volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution, concentration of HCl solution, concentration of carrier, different stripping agents in the dispersion phase on the separation are investigated. The optimum condition for separation of Eu3+ is that concentration of HCl solution is 4.0 mol•L1, concentration of carrier is 0.16 mol•L1, and volume ratio of membrane solution to stripping solution is 30︰30 in the dispersion phase, and pH value is 4.2 in the feed phase. The ionic strength has no significant effect on separation of Eu3+. Under the optimum condition, when the initial concentration of Eu3+ is 0.8×104 mol•L1, the separation percentage of Eu3+ is 95.3% during the separation time of 130 min. The kinetic equation is developed in terms of the law of mass diffusion and the theory of interface chemistry. The diffusion coefficient of Eu3+ in the membrane and the thickness of diffusion layer between feed phase and membrane phase are obtained and their values are 1.48×107 m2•s1 and 36.6 μm, respectively. The results obtained are in good agreement with literature data.     

甲苯液相空气氧化过程中[Co2+]/[Co3+]的测定及其对反应的影响

Liquid phase oxidation of toluene is an environmental benign route for the production of benzoic acid. In a mm bubble column reactor, the commercial process of toluene liquid phase oxidation was conducted with Co(CH3COO)2&#8226;4H2O as catalyst. The Co2+ concentration [Co2+] was determined by extraction spectrophotometry and hereby the Co3+ concentration [Co3+] was obtained by mass balance. The results showed that [Co3+] reached the maximum at about 25-30 min. [Co3+] increased with increasing Co catalyst amount at total Co concentration <150 mg&#8226;L－1 of toluene. The conversion of toluene, yield and selectivity of benzoic acid increased with the increasing [Co3+/Co2+]max. A high [Co3+] and a high [Co3+]/[Co2+] ratio are beneficial to the reaction.     

改性超细煤粉对甲基橙的吸附行为研究

The adsorption of methyl orange onto ultrafine coal powder (UCP) and modified ultrafine coal powder (MUCP) from aqueous solutions were studied, in which the influence of contact time, dosage, temperature, pH, and methyl orange concentration in the solution were investigated. The adsorption kinetics of methyl orange by UCP and MUCP can be described by the Lagergren first-order and pseudo second-order kinetic models, respectively. The adsorption isotherms of methyl orange onto MUCP at 303, 313 and 323 K follow the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm equation. Values of &#61508;G0 for methyl orange adsorption onto MUCP are -22.55, -23.10 and -23.79 kJ&#8226;mol－1 at 303, 313, and 323 K, respectively. The values of ΔH0 and ΔS0 are -3.74 kJ&#8226;mol－1 and 61.99 J&#8226;mol－1, respectively. The adsorption process is spontaneous and exothermic.     

硫酸铁改性颗粒活性氧化铝除氟的等温线研究

The adsorption equilibrium of a fluoride solution on 1-2 mm granular activated alumina modified by Fe2(SO4)3 solution was investigated. The experiments were conducted using a wide range of initial fluoride concentrations (0.5 to 180 mg&#8226;L&#61485;1 at pH ~7.0) and an adsorbent dose of 1.0 g&#8226;L&#61485;1. The application of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models (linear and nonlinear forms) generally showed that a single Langmuir or Freundlich equation cannot fit the entire concentration gap. Experimental data on low equilibrium concentrations (0.1 to 5.0 mg&#8226;L&#61485;1) was in line with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, whereas that of high equilibrium concentrations (5.0 to 150 mg&#8226;L&#61485;1) was more in line with the Freundlich isotherm model. A new Langmuir- Freundlich function was used for the entire concentration gap, as well as for low and high concentrations.     

PDMS/陶瓷复合膜用于正丁醇-水体系的渗透汽化分离

Pervaporation has attracted considerable interest owing to its potential application in recovering biobutanol from biomass acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation broth. In this study, butanol was recovered from its aqueous solution using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/ceramic composite pervaporation membrane. The effects of operating temperature, feed concentration, feed flow rate and operating time on the membrane pervaporation per-formance were investigated. It was found that with the increase of temperature or butanol concentration in the feed, the total flux through the membrane increased while the separation factor decreased slightly. As the feed flow rate increased, the total flux increased gradually while the separation factor changed little. At 40 &#61616;C and 1% (by mass) butanol in the feed, the total flux and separation factor of the membrane reached 457.4 g&#8226;m&#61485;2&#8226;h&#61485;1 and 26.1, respec-tively. The membrane with high flux is suitable for recovering butanol from ABE fermentation broth.     

氨改性的介孔二氧化硅的直接合成和CO2吸附

Amine-functionalized mesoporous silica was prepared by using lauric acid and N-stearoyl-l-glutamic acid as structure directing agents via the S&#61485;N+-I&#61485; mechanism and applied to CO2 adsorption at room temperature. With γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as co-structure directing agent and due to the direct electrostatic interaction with anionic surfactant, most of the amino groups were uniformly distributed at the inner surface of pores and the performance was stable. The amine-functionalized mesoporous silica was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption and thermogravimetric analysis. The CO2 adsorption capacity was measured by digital recording balance. At the room temperature and under the atmospheric pres-sure, the adsorption capacity of LAA-AMS-0.2 for CO2 and N2 is 1.40 mmol&#8226;g&#61485;1 and 0.03 mmol&#8226;g&#61485;1, respectively, indicating high separation coefficient of CO2/N2.     

刺芹侧耳多功能过氧化物酶的纯化与鉴定

A versatile peroxidase (VP-Peco60-7) was generated and purified from the liquid culture of Pleurotus eryngii. The purification procedure included ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion exchange chromatography, and gel chromatography. The molecular weight and isoelectric point (pI) of VP-Peco60-7 were determined to be approximately 40 kDa and 4.1, respectively. By N-terminal sequence determination and peptide mapping analysis, VP-Peco60-7 was found to be similar to the versatile peroxidase isoenzyme VPL1, which was previously isolated from liquid cultures of the same species. However, the molecular weight and pI of VP-Peco60-7 were different from those of versatile peroxidases of liquid cultures, implying that the VP-Peco60-7 in this study is of a novel type. With 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) as a substrate, the maximal enzyme activity was obtained at 50 °C and pH 3.0. The catalysis of ABTS by VP-Peco60-7 was expressed by the Michaelis-Menten equation. At 50 °C and pH 3.0, the maxi-mum velocity (Vmax) was 188.68 U&#8226;mg&#61485;1 and the michaelis constant (Km) was 203.09 mmol&#8226;L&#61485;1.     

面包酵母No.6催化不对称合成(2S,5S)-2,5-已二醇反应特性

Baker’s yeast number 6 was selected by screening. It showed good catalytic activity and enantioselectivity for asymmetric reduction of 2,5-hexanedione to produce (2S,5S)-2,5-hexanediol. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that the intermediate was (S)-5-hydroxyhexane-2-one. Reduction of 2,5-hexanedione proceeded in a two-step reaction. The hydroxyketone was initially formed, and this intermediate was further re-duced to the diol. Factors influencing the product yield and the enantiomeric excess of the reduction of 2,5-hexandione catalyzed by baker’s yeast number 6 were investigated. Higher concentration (≤100 mmol&#8226;L－1) of 2,5-hexandione did not influence 5-hydroxyhexane-2-one production, but 2,5-hexanediol production was inhibited by excess accumulation (＞30 mmol&#8226;L－1) of intermediate. The optimal conditions were glucose as the co-substrate at an initial glucose concentration of 20 g&#8226;L－1, 34&#61616;C, pH 7.0 and cell concentration 60 g&#8226;L－1 (cell dry mass). Under the optimal condition and an initial substrate concentration of 30 mmol&#8226;L－1, the yield of 2,5-hexandiol was 78.7% and the enantiomeric excess of (2S,5S)-2,5-hexandiol was 94.4% for 24-h reduction.     

Three-liquid-phase extraction and separation of V(V) and Cr(VI) from acidic leach solutions of high-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite

A new method by liquid–liquid–liquid three phase system, consisting of acidified primary amine N1923(abbreviated as A-N1923), poly(ethylene glycol)(PEG) and (NH_4)_2SO_4 aqueous solution, was suggested for the separation and simultaneous extraction of V(V) and Cr(VI) from the acidic leach solutions of highchromium vanadium–titanium magnetite. Experimental results indicated that V(V) and Cr(VI) could be selectively enriched into the A-N1923 organic top phase and PEG-rich middle phase, respectively, while Al(III)and other co-existing impurity ions, such as Si(IV), Fe(III), Ti(IV), Mg(II) and Ca(II) in acidic leach solutions,could be enriched in the(NH_4)_2SO_4 bottom aqueous phase. During the process for extraction and separation of V(V) and Cr(VI), almost all of impurity ions could be removed. The separation factors between V(V) and Cr(VI) could reach 630 and 908, respectively in the organic top phase and PEG middle phase, and yields of recovered V(V) and Cr(VI) in the top phase and middle phase respectively were all above 90%.Various effects including aqueous p H, A-N1923 concentration, PEG added amount and(NH_4)_2SO_4 concentration on three-phase partitioning of V(V) and Cr(VI) were discussed. It was found that the partition of Cr(VI) into the PEG-rich middle phase was driven by hydrophobic interaction, while extraction of V(V) by A-N1923 resulted of anion exchange between NO_3~- and H_2V_(10)O_(28)~(-4). Stripping of V(V) and Cr(VI) from the top organic phase and the middle PEG-rich phase were achieved by mixing respectively with NaNO_3 aqueous solutions and Na OH-((NH_4)_2SO_4 solutions. The present work highlights a new approach for the extraction and purification of V and Cr from the complex multi-metal co-existing acidic leach solutions of high-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite.     

常压下二乙二醇单乙醚和水二元体系不同温度下的密度、黏度及过量性质

Densities and viscosities were measured as a function of composition for binary liquid mixture of diethylene glycol monoethyl ether [CH3CH2O(CH2)2O(CH2)2OH] + water from 293.15 to 333.15 K at atmospheric pressure, with a capillary pycnometer and Ubbelohde capillary viscometer respectively. From the experimental data, the excess molar volume VE, viscosity deviation &#61508;η, and the excess energy of activation for viscous flow &#61508;G*E were calculated. These data were correlated by the Redlich-Kister type equa-tions to obtain the coefficients and standard deviations. The results showed a strong molecular interaction between diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and water.     

Experimental studies on phase equilibria of PEG-water-dextran/ammonium sulfate systems and partitioning of albumin into two water-continuous phases

The clouding points and equilibrium concentrations of PEG/dextran/water and PEG /ammonium sulfate/water systems were experimentally determined for different molecular weights of PEG by titration method and direct determination of concentrations. In phase diagrams of PEG-water with ammonium sulfate or dextran, the addition of salt or dextran induced the phase separation of PEG-rich phases near the PEG-lean phases having the different partitioning of PEG. The concentrations of PEG in PEG-rich phases increase as the amounts of PEG or salt and dextran increase, while the concentrations of PEG in aqueous media decrease in any cases. The higher the molecular weight of PEG has, the wider the two-phase regions are. In dextran DT10 systems, the partition coefficients of egg albumin into PEG-lean phases increase with concentrations of dextran and the molecular weight of PEG. In ammonium sulfate systems, the partitioning coefficients showed a maximum, having lower partitioning at the very high and low concentration of salts. It is also observed that as the amounts of albumin increase, the partitioning of albumin into PEG-lean phase increases.     

ENZYME MASS TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN AQUEOUS TWO PHASE SYSTEMS: SPRAY EXTRACTION COLUMNS

Fractional dispersed phase hold-up and overall dispersed phase side mass transfer coefficients were measured in 34, 50, 70 and 95 mm i.d. spray columns using an aqueous two phase system. Sodium sulphate-polyethyleneglycol (PEG) (4000)-water formed the aqueous two phase system and amyloglucosidase was used as a solute for the estimation of mass transfer coefficient.

The dispersed phase hold-up (e_D) and volumetric dispersed phase side mass transfer coefficient (K_D) both increased with increasing PEG-rich phase velocity. The e_Dand K_Dawere found to be independent of the column diameter and column height above a certain critical value. An increase in the phase concentration of sodium sulphate and PEG was found to reduce e_Dand K_DEmpirical and semi-empirical correlations for e_D and K_Dahave been developed.     

Partition Behavior of Penicillin in Three-liquid-phase Extraction System

Partition behavior of penicillins G and V was studied in a novel three-liquid-phase extraction system, which is composed of butyl acetate (BA), polyethylene glycol (PEG), ammonia sulfate [(NH4)2SO4] and water (H2O). The main components in the top, middle and bottom phases are butyl acetate, polyethylene glycol aqueous solution and ammonia sulfate aqueous solution, respectively. Some parameters such as partition coefficients Di/j and mass fractions Ei of penicillins G and V were determined at the room temperature, respectively. Experimental efforts have been made to investigate the partition behavior of penicillin in the three-liquid-phase extraction system, including initial concentrations of phase-forming components [PEG and (NH4)2SO4], PEG molecular weight, pH, initial concentration of penicillin. The results indicated that penicillins G and V have the similar partition behavior. They preferentially distribute into the middle phase with the increase of initial concentration of phase-forming components and into the top phase with the decrease of pH, while partition coefficient Dm/b is hardly affected by pH value. The variation of PEG molecular weight has little effect on mass fractions of penicillin. The increase of initial concentration of penicillins G and V could lead to the increase of Dt/b, Dm/b and the decrease of Dt/m, while their mass fractions in all phases were almost independent on their initial concentrations.     

丙烯酰胺/丙烯酸/甲基丙烯酸甲酯双水相共聚过程的临界分相

采用偶氮二异丙基咪唑啉盐酸盐（VA-044）引发丙烯酰胺（AM）/丙烯酸（AA）/甲基丙烯酸甲酯（MMA）在含一定量聚丙烯酸钠（PAANa）的硫酸铵（AS）水溶液中进行双水相共聚合。用分光光度计对聚合体系分相进行在线确定,采用溴化法测定了聚合体系临界分相时的转化率,用凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）对聚合体系临界分相时聚合物链的分子量进行了研究。随着MMA用量的增加,临界分相转化率和临界分相分子量逐渐减少;AM与AA单体总量增加,临界分相转化率逐渐降低,临界分相分子量逐渐变大;相似文献   

The effect of molecular weight and temperature on phase separation in the ternary system polystyrene/polybutadiene/tetralin

The phase diagram and cloud point surface for the ternary system polystyrene/polybutadiene/tetralin were determined at 29°, 87°, and 143°C. Polystyrenes and polybutadienes of narrow molecular weight distribution were used to study the effect of molecular weight on the cloud point concentration. The phase diagram obtained was bimodal. This unusual shape was more pronounced at higher molecular weights. A model describing the molecular weight dependence of the cloud point concentration was tested and found to hold over a wide composition and temperature range.     

［N2，2，2，2］BF4的合成及其对双水相 体系成相行为的影响

为研究添加［N2,2,2,2］BF4对PEG-NaH2PO4·2H2O双水相系统成相行为的影响,首先,采用正交优化法合成了［N2,2,2,2］BF4并对其进行1H NMR表征和纯度验证;其次,25 ℃条件下通过浊点法分别绘制PEG-NaH2PO4·2H2O和PEG-NaH2PO4·2H2O-4%［N2,2,2,2］BF4双水相体系的相图;最后,研究添加4%（质量分数）的［N2,2,2,2］BF4对PEG-NaH2PO4·2H2O双水相系统成相行为的影响。结果表明,通过单因素实验和L9（34）正交优化实验得出合成反应的优化条件为：n（［N2,2,2,2］Br）∶n（NaBF4）为1.0∶1.1、乙腈用量为100 mL、反应时间为8 h、温度为80 ℃,［N2,2,2,2］BF4的产率达90.7%;通过Merchuk方程对两种体系的相图数据进行关联,拟合度都在0.997以上。随着PEG相对分子质量的增加,添加4%的［N2,2,2,2］BF4能替代部分PEG,使得双水相区域的面积逐渐增加,增大了成相剂的选择范围,有利于双水相体系的选择,为后续双水相分离生物分子奠定基础。     

环氧乙烷-环氧丙烷无规共聚物的水溶液浊点测定

通过对EOPO水溶液浊点数据的测定 ,研究了EOPO 水二元系统的相行为。考察了添加盐浓度和种类 ,聚合物浓度和分子质量等对EOPO水溶液浊点的影响。结合实际分离过程 ,就上述各因素对EOPO水溶液相行为的影响进行了分析和讨论     

Molecular design of novel pH/temperature-sensitive hydrogels

A series of poly(β-amino ester)-poly(?-caprolactone)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(?-caprolactone)-poly(β-amino ester) pentablock copolymers (PAE-PCL-PEG-PCL-PAE) were designed and prepared to examine factors affecting sol-gel phase transition behavior. First, the composition of a series of PCL-PEG-PCL copolymers was controlled by changing the feed ratios of PCL/PEG and the molecular weight of PEG. Second, the composition of pentablock copolymers was varied using different PCL-PEG-PCL copolymers and several feed ratios of PAE monomers. The physicochemical properties of triblock and pentablock copolymers were characterized by ¹H NMR and gel permeation spectroscopy. The PAE-PCL-PEG-PCL-PAE copolymers in aqueous solution (20-30 wt%) underwent sol-gel transitions with changes in both pH change and temperature. With increasing molecular weight of PAE, the sol-gel transition zone became narrower because the hydrophobic character of the copolymers decreased. Also, with increases in PCL/PEG ratio and PEG molecular weight, changes in the hydrophobic/hydrophilic balance within copolymers resulted in alterations in sol-gel phase transitions.     

A new polymerization method and kinetics for acrylamide: Aqueous two‐phase polymerization

The concept of aqueous two‐phase polymerization and a new polymerization method for the preparation of water‐soluble polymers are presented. The phase diagram of poly(acrylamide) (PAAm)‐poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐water two‐phase system was measured by the gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The aqueous two‐phase of PAAm‐PEG‐water system can be easily formed. The critical concentration of phase separation was affected by the molecular weight of PEG. The aqueous two‐phase polymerization of acrylamide (AAm) has been successfully carried out in the presence of PEG by using ammonium persulfate (APS) as the initiator. The polymerization behaviors with varying concentration of AAm, initiator and PEG, the polymerization temperature, the molecular weight of PEG, and emulsifier types were investigated. The activation energy of aqueous two‐phase polymerization of AAm was 132.3 kJ/mol. The relationship of initial polymerization rate (R_p0) with APS and AAm concentrations was R_p0 ∝ [APS]^0.72 [AAm]^1.28. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2009