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1.
Phase separation behavior of cocamidopropyl betaine/water/polyethylene glycol (PEG) system was studied. The effects of concentration and molecular weight of PEG on the phase separation behavior were investigated. Clouding occurred when the con-centration of PEG was large enough in the betaine aqueous solution, and the concentration of PEG at cloud point decreased with the increase of PEG molecular weight for a constant betaine concentration. The bottom phase was the PEG-rich phase, and the upper phase was the betaine-rich phase. The volumetric ratio of PEG-rich phase to betaine-rich phase, at the same difference between the PEG concentration and the one at the cloud point, 61508;Ccp (0.1 g8226;ml-1), decreased as the PEG molecular weight increased and approached 1 for higher PEG molecular weight (about 20000), which was similar to the typical aqueous two-phase system. This volumetric ratio depended on the initial PEG concentration, but independent of PEG molecular weight. The concentration ratio of betaine to PEG in both phases depended on the 61508;Ccp, independent of PEG molecular weight. 相似文献
2.
Baker’s yeast number 6 was selected by screening. It showed good catalytic activity and enantioselectivity for asymmetric reduction of 2,5-hexanedione to produce (2S,5S)-2,5-hexanediol. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed that the intermediate was (S)-5-hydroxyhexane-2-one. Reduction of 2,5-hexanedione proceeded in a two-step reaction. The hydroxyketone was initially formed, and this intermediate was further re-duced to the diol. Factors influencing the product yield and the enantiomeric excess of the reduction of 2,5-hexandione catalyzed by baker’s yeast number 6 were investigated. Higher concentration (≤100 mmol8226;L-1) of 2,5-hexandione did not influence 5-hydroxyhexane-2-one production, but 2,5-hexanediol production was inhibited by excess accumulation (>30 mmol8226;L-1) of intermediate. The optimal conditions were glucose as the co-substrate at an initial glucose concentration of 20 g8226;L-1, 3461616;C, pH 7.0 and cell concentration 60 g8226;L-1 (cell dry mass). Under the optimal condition and an initial substrate concentration of 30 mmol8226;L-1, the yield of 2,5-hexandiol was 78.7% and the enantiomeric excess of (2S,5S)-2,5-hexandiol was 94.4% for 24-h reduction. 相似文献
3.
The adsorption equilibrium of a fluoride solution on 1-2 mm granular activated alumina modified by Fe2(SO4)3 solution was investigated. The experiments were conducted using a wide range of initial fluoride concentrations (0.5 to 180 mg8226;L61485;1 at pH ~7.0) and an adsorbent dose of 1.0 g8226;L61485;1. The application of Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models (linear and nonlinear forms) generally showed that a single Langmuir or Freundlich equation cannot fit the entire concentration gap. Experimental data on low equilibrium concentrations (0.1 to 5.0 mg8226;L61485;1) was in line with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, whereas that of high equilibrium concentrations (5.0 to 150 mg8226;L61485;1) was more in line with the Freundlich isotherm model. A new Langmuir- Freundlich function was used for the entire concentration gap, as well as for low and high concentrations. 相似文献
4.
The solubility and hydrolysis of carbonyl sulfide in binary mixture of diethylene glycol diethyl ether and water are studied as a function of composition. The use of an aqueous solution of diethylene glycol diethyl ether enhances the solubility and hydrolysis rate of carbonyl sulfide compared with that in pure water. The composition of the mixture with maximum hydrolysis rate varies with temperature. The thermophysical properties including density, viscosity, and surface tension as a function of composition at 20℃ under atmospheric pressure as well as liquid-liquid equilibrium (LLE) data over the temperature range from 28℃ to 90℃ are also measured for the binary mixture. 相似文献
5.
Effects of salt and temperature on the liquid phase equilibrium of the (water + propionic acid + cyclohexanol) system were investigated. The liquid-liquid equilibrium data in the presence of KCl for various salt ionic strength of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, and 2.5 mol8226;dm61485;3 and in absence of the salt at T (298.2, 303.2, and 308.2) K were determined. The experimental results were correlated based on the Othmer-Tobias equation and Pitzer ion-interaction model. Thermodynamic properties such as distribution coefficients and activity coefficients of propionic acid in water + cyclohexanol were determined. In addition, the separation factor, S, of the chosen solvent was obtained for the investigated system. 相似文献
6.
The binary vapor–liquid equilibrium data of CO_2 in diethylene glycol(monomethyl,monoethyl,monobutyl,dimethyl,diethyl,dibutyl)ether were determined from 288.15 to 318.15 K at pressure up to 6 MPa based on the constant-volume method.It was found by contrast that the ether group in solvents can promote the CO_2 absorption,but the hydroxyl group will inhibit the CO_2 absorption.Furthermore,the solubilities of CO_2 showed an upward trend with the increasing molecular lengths of absorbents.The experimental data were also correlated with a modified Patel–Teja equation of state(PT EOS)combined with the traditional van der Waals one-fluid mixing rules and the results showed a satisfactory agreement between the model and the experimental data. 相似文献
7.
This paper reports on ¬¬¬a new microporous composite silica membrane prepared via acid-catalyzed polymeric route of sol-gel method with tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) and a bridged silsesquioxane [1, 2-bis(triethoxysilyl)ethane, BTESE] as precursors. A stable nano-sized composite silica sol with a mean volume size of ~5 nm was synthesized. A 150 nm-thick defect-free composite silica membrane was deposited on disk support consisting of macroporous α-Al2O3 and mesoporous γ-Al2O3 intermediate layer by using dip-coating ap-proach, followed by calcination under pure nitrogen atmosphere. The composite silica membranes exhibit molecular sieve properties for small gases like H2, CO2, O2, N2, CH4 and SF6 with hydrogen permeances in the range of (1-4)107 mol•m2•s1•Pa1 (measured at 200 C, 3.0×105 Pa). With respect to the membrane calcined at 500 C, it is found that the permselectivities of H2 (0.289 nm) with respect to N2 (0.365 nm), CH4 (0.384 nm) and SF6 (0.55 nm) are 22.9, 42 and >1000, respectively, which are all much higher than the corresponding Knudsen values (H2/N2 3.7, H2/CH4 2.8, and H2/SF6 8.5). 相似文献
8.
The CuO/γ-Al2O3/cordierite catalyst, after being sulfated by sulfur dioxide (SO2) at 673 K, exhibits high activities for selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of nitrogen oxide (NO) with ammonia (NH3) at 573-723 K. The intrinsic kinetics of SCR of NO with NH3 over CuO/γ-Al2O3/cordierite catalyst has been measured in a fixed-bed reactor in the absence of internal and external diffusions. The experimental results show that the reaction rate can be quantified by a first-order expression with activation energy of 94.01 kJ•mol1 and the corresponding pre-exponential factor of 3.39×108 cm3•g1•s1 when NH3 is excessive. However, when NH3 is not enough, an Eley-Rideal kinetic model based on experimental data is derived with Ea of 105.79 kJ•mol1, the corresponding A of 2.94×109 cm3•g1•s1, heat of adsorption ΔHads of 87.90 kJ•mol1 and the corresponding Aads of 9.24 cm3•mol1. The intrinsic kinetic model obtained was incorporated in a 3D mathematical model of monolithic reactor, and the agreement of the prediction with experimental data indicates that the present kinetic model is adequate for the reactor design and engineering scale-up. 相似文献
9.
A wire-mesh reactor capable of heating samples at a given heating-rate (1—1000 K8226;s-1) was used to investigate the effect of heating-rate on Ca-based absorbent performance of CO2 capture.BET method was used to analyze the morphology of the produced CaO, and the capabilities of the absorbent were compared.It was found that CaO calcined at a higher heating-rate had more appropriate pore distribution for CO2 capture, and the capability of CaO calcined at 1000 K8226;s-1 was 15% higher than that calcined at 1 K8226;s-1 determined by TGA. 相似文献
10.
Amine-functionalized mesoporous silica was prepared by using lauric acid and N-stearoyl-l-glutamic acid as structure directing agents via the SN+-I mechanism and applied to CO2 adsorption at room temperature. With γ-aminopropyltriethoxysilane as co-structure directing agent and due to the direct electrostatic interaction with anionic surfactant, most of the amino groups were uniformly distributed at the inner surface of pores and the performance was stable. The amine-functionalized mesoporous silica was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen physisorption and thermogravimetric analysis. The CO2 adsorption capacity was measured by digital recording balance. At the room temperature and under the atmospheric pres-sure, the adsorption capacity of LAA-AMS-0.2 for CO2 and N2 is 1.40 mmol•g1 and 0.03 mmol•g1, respectively, indicating high separation coefficient of CO2/N2. 相似文献
11.
The conductances of hexadecylpyridinium chloride (HPyCl) + tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) mixtures over the entire
mole fraction range of HPyCl (αHPyCl) were measured in aqueous binary mixtures of ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether, ethylene
glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol monomethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, and diethylene glycol monobutyl
ether containing 10 to 30 wt% additive in their respective binary mixtures at 30°C. Each conductivity curve showed a single
break over the whole mole fraction range of HPyCl + TTAB mixtures. From the break in the conductivity curve, various micellar
parameters were calculated and the results were discussed on the basis of alkoxyethanol's hydrophobic hydration of the mixed
micelle. The micellar parameters of HPyCl, TTAB, and of their mixtures showed a strong dependence both on the amount and on
the number of repeating units of ethylene and diethylene glycol derivatives. The hydrophobic hydration was considerably higher
in the case of diethylene glycol derivatives owing to the presence of an extra ether oxygen. An evaluation of the non-ideality
in the HPyCl + TTAB mixtures in the presence of additives revealed that alkoxyethanols reduce the unlike surfactant monomer
interactions in order to form the mixed micelles in comparison to those in pure water. It has also been observed that such
interactions systematically decrease with an increase in the number of repeating units from monomethyl ether to monobutyl
ether, both in the case of ethylene and diethylene glycol derivatives. 相似文献
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13.
以乙二醇单乙醚和乙酸为主要原料,以四水硫酸铈为催化剂,环己烷为带水剂,合成了乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯。采用IR、1HNMR等对其结构进行了确证,考察了乙二醇单乙醚和乙酸的摩尔比、催化剂种类和用量、带水剂用量、反应温度、反应时间等因素对反应的影响,得到了适宜的反应条件为:以0.2 mol乙二醇单乙醚为基准,n(乙酸)∶n(乙二醇单乙醚)=1.5∶1,m(四水硫酸铈)∶m(乙二醇单乙醚)=0.05∶1,环己烷9 mL,反应温度130℃,反应时间2.5 h。在该条件下,乙二醇单乙醚乙酸酯收率达97%以上。 相似文献
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15.
Kinematic viscosities were measured over the entire range of composition and at atmospheric pressure for the binary systems trifluoroethanol (TFE)-H2O, TFE-tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether (TEGDME), and TEGDME-H2O from 293.15 to 333.15 K. The data were fitted by the Stephan and Heckenbergber (1989) correlation, which accounts for the dependence on temperature and mixture composition. Methods for predicting ternary excess viscosities from excess viscosity data for the three binary mixtures involved are examined and tested for the system TFE-H2O-TEGDME at 303.15 K by comparing predicted and experimental data. The empirical correlation of Colinet (1967) is shown to be the best for this system. 相似文献
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17.
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of reaction media, composition, and temperature on the rate of the alkaline depolymerization of poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT). The alkaline depolymerization of PTT was carried out at 160–190°C in ethylene glycol (EG), diethylene glycol (DEG), triethylene glycol (TEG), ethylene glycol monobutyl ether (EGMBE), diethylene glycol monoethyl ether (DEGMEE), and a mixture of these solvents. During the reaction, PTT was quantitatively converted to disodium terephthalate and 1,3-propanediol. The alkaline depolymerization reaction rate constants were calculated based on the concentration of sodium carboxylate, which was equivalent to the molar amount of sodium hydroxide. The depolymerization rate of PTT was increased by increasing the reaction temperature and by adding ethereal solvents. Moreover, the depolymerization rate was significantly accelerated in the order of EG < DEG < TEG < EGMBE < DEGMEE. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 82: 99–107, 2001 相似文献
18.
The preparation of biocompatible microemulsions of soybean oil in systems made of anionic surfactant, oleic acid, water, and
several glycols was considered. The selected glycols were ether derivatives (methyl, ethyl, dimethyl, and diethyl ether) of
ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol. The study was performed using pseudoternary phase diagrams in which the three apexes
were occupied by soybean oil, a combination of surfactant/oleic acid, and a combination of water/glycol, respectively. The
widest regions of microemulsions were obtained for systems containing methyl ether and especially ethyl ether of both ethylene
glycol and diethylene glycol. The two latter compounds allowed the preparation of oil-in-water, bicontinuous, and water-in-oil
microemulsions with final surfactant contents of 3–4%. 相似文献
19.
在288.15~313.15 K和常压下,利用乌氏黏度计测定了N,N-二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)分别与乙醇、丙醇、乙二醇和1,2-丙二醇组成的二元系全浓度范围内的黏度,计算了过量黏度△η和过量流动活化自由能△G*E。用Redlich-Kister方程对过量黏度进行了关联;用黏度模型如Frenkel方程,Grunberg-Nissan方程,Katti-Chaudhari方程和McAllister方程对实验黏度数据进行了关联和预测,并利用Eyring理论方法计算了流动活化自由能、活化焓和活化熵等热力学函数。结果表明,4个二元系的过量黏度和过量流动活化自由能均为负值,且都随温度降低而偏差增大。过量黏度最低值均发生在DMF摩尔分数约为0.3处。McAllister模型对黏度数据的关联结果最好,预测值与实验值的平均相对偏差最小。比较并分析了DMF与一元醇和二元醇之间分子相互作用的差异。。 相似文献