无皂改性醋酸乙烯酯乳液的制备

采用无皂乳液聚合方式,合成了醋酸乙烯酯/丙烯酸/丙烯酸丁酯(VAc/AA/BA)三元共聚物,探讨了丙烯酸丁酯结构单元、引发剂用量、反应温度对乳液稳定性、黏度、转化率以及粘接强度的影响.结果表明:BA和过硫酸铵(APS)用量分别为混合单体总质量的8.0%、0.5%,反应温度为75℃时,共聚乳液具有良好的性能.     

丙烯酸-丙烯酸丁酯-丙烯酰胺三元共聚物分散剂的制备与分散性能

以丙烯酸(AA)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为主单体,与功能单体丙烯酰胺(AM)进行共聚,合成了一系列三元共聚物分散剂,主要研究了链转移剂、引发剂和AM的用量对共聚物粘度的影响,并考察了链转移剂、AM、共聚物分散剂、偶联剂用量、纳米TiO2浓度、pH值等因素对纳米TiO2颜料水性分散体系稳定性的影响。结果表明,随着AM的用量增加,共聚物分散剂对纳米TiO2的分散效果逐渐增强;当n(AM)∶n(BA)∶n(AA)=0.09∶1∶1.5,引发剂(BPO)用量为单体总量的1.2%,链转移剂为单体总量的4%时,所制得AA-BA-AM三元共聚物分散剂的粘度为150 mPa.s,对纳米TiO2颗粒的分散效果最佳;且其优化分散条件为:合成分散剂用量16%,偶联剂用量3%,纳米TiO2水溶液浓度3%,pH值10。     

研究与述评

201104108 VAc/BA/NaAA 共聚物乳液的合成及性能研究[刊]/周一新等//上海涂料.-2011,49(1).-1~4201104109 水性聚氨酯涂料催化剂研究进展[刊]/王庭慰等//电镀与涂饰.-2011,30(2).-58~61综述了水性聚氨酯催化剂(包括胺类催化剂、金属有机化合物类催化剂和复合催化剂等)的研究状况。     

阳离子型壳聚糖接枝共聚物的制备及其絮凝性能研究

以壳聚糖(Cts)、丙烯酰胺(AM)、二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(DMDAAC)为原料,过硫酸铵为引发剂,合成了阳离子型壳聚糖三元接枝共聚物.最佳的合成条件为:反应温度50℃,引发剂浓度6mmol·L-1,Cts:AM为1:3(m/m),AM:DMDAAC为3:3(m/mL),反应时间3h.该条件下接枝共聚物的接枝率、阳离子度分别达287.5%、26.7%.生活废水的絮凝实验表明,接枝共聚物有优异的絮凝能力.与Cts、PAM、PAC比较,接枝共聚物具有用量少,除浊率高等优点.     

碱溶性聚(丙烯酸丁酯/丙烯酸)的合成及性能

合成了碱溶性聚(丙烯酸丁酯/丙烯酸)〔P(BA/AA)〕,探讨了丙烯酸用量及不同引发体系对其表面张力、离心稳定性和乳化性的影响,对其结构进行了表征。傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析表明,P(BA/AA)中无C C存在,聚合完全;差示扫描量热(DSC)分析表明,共聚物的玻璃化转变温度(Tg)为21.3℃;透射电镜(TEM)测定了P(BA/AA)的平均粒径小于100 nm,粒径分布均匀。以该共聚物为表面活性剂与丙烯酸酯类进行乳液聚合制备了皮革涂饰剂,应用于皮革涂饰后,革样的物理机械性能较采用常规乳化剂制备的丙烯酸树脂涂饰革样抗水性提高了28.08%,透气性提高了18.5%,耐湿擦性提高了半级,耐折牢度无明显变化。     

VAc/BA/AA共聚乳液胶粘剂的制备与性能研究

以醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)为原料、丙烯酸(AA)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为改性单体、过硫酸铵(APS)为引发剂、辛基酚聚氧乙烯醚(OP-10)和烷基酚聚氧乙烯醚琥珀酸酯磺酸钠(MS-1)为新型乳化剂体系,采用半连续种子乳液聚合法制备了VAc/BA/AA共聚乳液胶粘剂。研究了引发剂用量、乳化剂配比及用量、单体及种子单体用量对乳液性能的影响,并采用FT-IR对其结构进行表征。研究结果表明,当m(VAc)∶m(BA)∶m(AA)∶m(APS)∶m(OP-10)∶m(MS-1)=83∶14∶3∶0.4∶1.25∶0.25、w(种子单体)=17%(相对于总单体而言)时,乳液的综合性能最佳。     

有机硅氧烷改性醋酸乙烯酯-丙烯酸酯乳液的合成与性能

采用种子乳液聚合,引入乙烯基三甲氧基硅烷(A-171),以十二烷基苯磺酸钠(DSB)和壬基酚聚氧乙烯(20)醚(OP-10)作复合乳化剂,以过硫酸钾(KPS)为引发剂,在反应温度为78±2℃条件下,合成了A-171改性醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)-丙烯酸酯共聚乳液。实验采用单体滴加工艺,考察了配方中丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和A-171用量对共聚物性能和乳液聚合过程的影响,并用红外光谱仪(FTIR)、粒度仪和差示量热扫描仪(DSC)对共聚物的结构及性能进行了表征。结果表明,引入w(BA)=10%~15%(相对于配方中单体总质量,下同)、w(MAA)=4%、w(A-171)=1%到VAc-丙烯酸酯共聚物乳液中,共聚物乳液涂膜的吸水率<5.0%,耐寒性通过10个循环,60℃加速贮存稳定性>100 d。     

种衣剂用AMPS/VAc/BA三元共聚成膜剂的合成

采用乳液共聚法,以2-丙烯酰胺-2-甲基丙磺酸(AMPS)为亲水性阴离子单体、醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)和丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为疏水性酯类单体,合成了种衣剂用AMPS/VAc/BA三元共聚成膜剂。考察了AMPS、乳化剂和交联剂用量等对成膜剂性能的影响。研究结果表明,当W(复合乳化剂)=6%{其中m[乙氧基化壬基酚磺基琥珀酸半酯二钠盐(DNS-1035)]∶m[十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)]=3∶1)、W(交联剂0.5%N,N-亚甲基丙烯酰胺水溶液)=3%和W(阴离子单体AMPS)=8%且m(VAc)∶m(BA)=1∶1时,成膜剂的性能最佳。     

超声微波耦合制备P(AM-DMC-BA)及其污泥脱水研究

以丙烯酰胺(AM)为主单体、甲基丙烯酰氧乙基三甲基氯化铵(DMC)为阳离子单体、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)为疏水单体,偶氮二异丁脒盐酸盐(V-50)为引发剂,通过微波和超声耦合技术合成新型高效阳离子共聚物絮凝剂P(AM-DMC-BA)。考察了原料对P(AM-DMC-BA)特性黏度及转化率的影响,P(AM-DMC-BA)对其进行了表征,并用于污泥脱水实验。结果表明,当单体AM、DMC、BA的质量分数分别为22.5%、7.5%、1%,引发剂V-50的质量分数为2%,尿素的质量分数为1.2%,聚合体系pH为3.5,制得的P(AM-DMC-BA)的特性黏度及转化率最高。当共聚物投加量为45 mg/L、污泥溶液pH为7时,其对污泥有较好的脱水性能,且具有良好的pH抗性。     

环氧改性醇溶性丙烯酸酯干式复膜胶的研制

介绍了一种新型环氧改性醇溶性丙烯酸酯干式复膜胶的制备方法和性能。首先以环氧树脂E-44和丙烯酸(AA)为原料,合成了一种丙烯酸环氧单酯(EA);再以乙醇为溶剂,采用半连续加料法合成了醋酸乙烯酯(VAc)、丙烯酸丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸2-乙基己酯(2-EHA)和EA四元共聚物。该复膜胶合成的适宜条件为:m(VAc)∶m(BA)∶m(2-EHA)∶m(EA)=40∶25∶20∶15,w(引发剂)=1.0%,反应温度为73℃,反应时间为7h。实验结果表明,该复膜胶可用于制备塑料复合薄膜,具有环保、无毒、剥离强度高和快速固化等特点,适用于快速干式复合薄膜的生产线。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。