考察WSQ-5型脱氮剂在络合脱氮—白土精制工艺中的效果

以糠醛精制油和糠醛抽出油为原料,选用WSQ-5型脱氮剂,在实验室中进行络合脱氮—白土补充精制组合工艺试验,考察脱氮剂在该工艺中的脱氮效果。试验结果表明:WSQ-5型脱氮剂对氮含量较低的原料具有显著的脱氮效果,且主要是脱除原料中的碱性氮化合物。     

液相脱氮工艺在环烷基润滑油生产中的应用

WSQ-2型脱氮剂应用于辽河环烷基润滑油基础油工业化生产,通过对反应温度、精制电压、混合器混合强度的调整,解决了影响脱氮装置长周期运行的问题;改善了润滑油的产品质量,达到了润滑油通用基础油标准中氧化安定性指标;精制油的收率大幅度提高,增加了改善润滑油质量的手段。     

抚顺页岩油碱性氮化物的脱除

用LCH-28脱氮剂脱除抚顺页岩油中的碱性氮化物.LCH-28脱氮剂主要由Bronsted酸和Lewis酸(占脱氮剂总重量的0.1％～10％)组成.当剂油质量比为1∶10、反应时间为10 min、反应温度为80～90℃、保温沉降时间为180 min时,碱性氮化物的脱除率达到85.2％,相应的页岩油损失率为18.3％,探...     

大庆和涠洲混炼油糠醛精制研究

以大庆和涠洲混炼油(体积比为1∶1)减二线脱蜡油为原料,糠醛为溶剂,考察了剂油比、抽提温度对润滑油基础油糠醛精制效果的影响。实验表明,精制油的粘度指数随剂油比的增加和精制温度的上升而增大,精制油的收率随剂油比的增加和精制温度的上升而下降。当温度增大到一定程度时,精制油收率有变化,而粘度指数与折光率基本不变。     

减三线脱蜡油糠醛精制脱酸的操作条件研究

针对大连石化公司大庆/尼罗（体积比为1∶1）减三线脱蜡油糠醛精制生产的润滑油基础油HVI400SN酸值不合格,以减三线脱蜡油为原料油,进行糠醛脱酸研究,考察剂油体积比、抽提温度对精制油酸值和收率的影响,运用数学方法求出精制油酸值合格的最优操作条件,并采用假二段实验进行了验证。结果表明,在剂油体积比为5∶1,塔顶温度120℃,塔底温度80℃的条件下,对减三线脱蜡油进行糠醛精制脱酸,精制油收率为65.32%,粘度指数为104,酸值能够达到集团公司通用润滑油基础油质量标准。     

负载型杂多酸脱除润滑油基础油中的氮化物及其动力学研究

以层析硅胶为载体负载3种不同杂多酸制备高活性吸附脱氮剂,以润滑油基础油为原料油,在全混流反应釜中进行静态吸附实验。考察吸附温度、吸附时间、剂油质量比、杂多酸负载量对吸附剂吸附性能的影响,并进行动力学模型的拟合和计算。结果表明,在吸附温度为60℃、吸附时间为30 min、剂油质量比为1∶5、酸负载量为40%时,润滑油基础油可以达到较好的吸附脱氮效果,脱氮率达到90%以上。利用FT-IR和BET分析测定了吸附剂的骨架结构及吸附剂的比表面积和孔分布情况,结果表明硅胶已成功固载杂多酸。     

大连石化润滑油基础油酸值不合格解决方案

用大庆尼罗混合减三线脱蜡油为原料,先后进行了工业装置理论塔板数标定、多级静态及中试规模的糠醛溶剂精制实验研究。结果表明,工业装置理论塔板数为2～3块。剂油体积比为6∶1的假二段实验与剂油体积比为3.2∶1的假四段实验精制油酸值均小于0.03mgKOH/g,收率分别为64.53%与75.33%。具有4块理论板数的中试装置在剂油体积比为2.81∶1条件下得到的精制油酸值为0.0246mgKOH/g,收率为78.01%。精制油产品质量能够满足HVI400SN润滑油基础油的质量要求。     

组合工艺改进页岩油柴油的色度和安定性

针对页岩油柴油色度及氧化安定性差的问题,采用自制的复合脱氮剂进行脱氮处理,在络合剂质量分数为3%,络合反应时间为3.0 min,络合反应温度为50℃,助剂加入量为1∶1,静置时间为20.0 min的条件下,碱氮脱除率可达到95.17%,精制油色度得到改善。脱氮页岩油柴油采用醇和添加剂进一步精制,在室温,剂油体积比为1∶2,添加剂质量分数为0.2%的条件下,精制油色度和氧化安定性等指标均符合0~#柴油的标准要求,总收率可达80%以上。     

减三线生产润滑油基础油优化工艺条件的研究

由于原油价格高,企业原油加工量不断提高,炼厂生产润滑油的原料变化频繁,为了最大限度地保证基础油的质量和收率,基础油生产工艺优化选择对指导工业生产极其重要。文章以卡宾达与阿曼1：1混合原油减三线馏分油为原料,采用实验室酮苯脱蜡、糠醛精制、白土补充精制过程,进行最优生产工艺条件筛选,采用优化工艺条件能够生产出符合HVI la250标准的润滑油基础油。     

减四线抽出油生产环保橡胶填充油的试验研究

以糠醛为溶剂对克拉玛依减四线糠醛抽出油进行再抽提以生产多环芳烃质量分数符合要求的橡胶填充油。采用单因素试验方法考察剂油质量比、抽提温度、抽提时间及沉降时间对精制油收率及多环芳烃质量分数的影响。运用数学优化方法确定了最佳操作条件,并采用假二段串联模拟试验进行验证。研究结果表明:在剂油质量比为1.9∶1,抽提塔顶温度为60℃,塔底温度为50℃的操作条件下,精制油的收率为46.5%,多环芳烃质量分数为2.82%,CA值为19.2%,可以作为环保型芳烃橡胶填充油。     

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水的治理技术

乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)是十分重要的化工中间体,其下游产品较多。江苏某化工厂开发生产乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品三十多个,年生产规模三万多吨,是国内以乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)为中间体生产精细化学品的综合骨干企业。针对乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品废水特点,该厂结合企业实际,开展了产品优化,结构调整,清洁生产,资源循环利用,节水降耗等工作,从源头削减了污染物的生产。同时投资二千多万元新建预处理装置三套,6000m3/d废水生化处理装置一套,使全厂乙烯酮(双乙烯酮)下游产品的废水得到了有效的治理。     

Semi-empirical equation of state of metals. Equation of state of aluminum

A semi-empirical equation of state for metals is described. Its capabilities are demonstrated by the example of the equation of state for aluminum. New experimental data are presented on the location of the isentrope of aluminum for unloading from the state at p = 229.71 GPa on the shock adiabat to an aerogel (SiO₂) of density 0.08 g/cm³. __________ Translated from Fizika Goreniya i Vzryva, Vol. 44, No. 2, pp. 61–75, March–April, 2008.     

水泥水化热测定方法综述

水泥水化热是中、低热水泥和核电工程用水泥的一项关键的技术指标。全球范围内测定水泥水化热的方法有溶解法、直接法/半绝热法、等温传导量热法三种。本文总结了中、美、欧相关方法标准,对其测试原理、仪器设备、试验过程等方面进行了比对,并对其在领域的应用做了简单的概括。     

几种乙炔加压设备性能的比较

阐述并比较了几种加压设备在乙炔加压清净过程中的性能和特点。     

我国聚碳酸酯工业发展概况

介绍我国聚碳酸酯生产能力和消费需求,对聚碳酸酯在信息工业中的应用作了简短介绍     

Calorimetric and Computational Study of Enthalpy of Formation of Diperoxide of Cyclohexanone

A thermochemical rather simple experimental technique is applied to determine the enthalpy of formation of Diperoxide of ciclohexanone. The study is complemented with suitable theoretical calculations at the semiempirical and ab initio levels. A particular satisfactory agreement between both ways is found for the ab initio calculation at the 6–311G basis This set level. Some possible extensions of the present procedure are pointed out.     

Effect of degree of deacetylation of chitosan on the kinetics of ultrasonic degradation of chitosan

The objective of the study was to explore the effect of the degree of deacetylation (DD) of the chitosan used on the degradation rate and rate constant during ultrasonic degradation. Chitin was extracted from red shrimp process waste. Four different DD chitosans were prepared from chitin by alkali deacetylation. Those chitosans were degraded by ultrasonic radiation to different molecular weights. Changes of the molecular weight were determined by light scattering, and data of molecular weight changes were used to calculate the degradation rate and rate constant. The results were as follows: The molecular weight of chitosans decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. The curves of the molecular weight versus the ultrasonication time were broken at 1‐h treatment. The degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis decreased with an increasing ultrasonication time. This may be because the chances of being attacked by the cavitation energy increased with an increasing molecular weight species and may be because smaller molecular weight species have shorter relaxation times and, thus, can alleviate the sonication stress easier. However, the degradation rate and rate constant of sonolysis increased with an increasing DD of the chitosan used. This may be because the flexibilitier molecules of higher DD chitosans are more susceptible to the shear force of elongation flow generated by the cavitation field or due to the bond energy difference of acetamido and β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage or hydrogen bonds. Breakage of the β‐1,4‐glucoside linkage will result in lower molecular weight and an increasing reaction rate and rate constant. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 90: 3526–3531, 2003     

气化给煤系统故障分析

气化给煤装置自投运以来,出现了气化煤仓堵煤、称重给煤机输送皮带因跑偏而损伤以及清扫装置故障频繁等问题,多次造成气化系统减负荷运行。通过对出现的各种问题进行分析,找到了产生这些问题的原因,并有针对性地采用配煤和改进清扫链等措施,使出现的问题得到了极大的改善。     

醋酸纤维素取代基分布与性质的关系

分析了以吡啶为溶剂的醋酸纤维素的13C-NMR核磁共振谱,得出了三种不同位置羟基的取代度。结合X—射线和DSC分析,初步说明具有相同取代度但未经水解和经过水解的醋酸纤维素(CA) 性质上的差异是由于三个羟基上的取代度分布不同及消晶程度差异所致。     

Generalization of vdW type of equations of state

1 INTRODUCTIONBecause of importance of equations of state (EOS)in science and industry,hundreds forms of EOS havebeen presented since latter 19th century.It seems impossible to develop a general equation covering vari-ous kinds of EOS.But for cubic EOS,several generalequations have been reported already. Martin presented the first general equation whichis following p=RT/V-α(T)/(υ β)(υ γ) δ(T)/υ(υ β)(υ γ) (1) Kumar et a1.presented an equation called the most general form of a density-cubic or, alterna tively,volume-cubic mathematical equation,the form of which is as follows