流化床内静电的产生与控制

综述了流化床静电产生的机理及流化床静电控制的方法.静电控制方法包括设置静电消除装置,流化床内表面处理,加入微粒、抗静电剂和静电诱导剂.指出流化床静电问题的实验研究、静电的测试设备及静电控制方法尚需进一步完善的方向.     

静电纺丝/静电喷雾技术在电池领域的应用进展

在制备纳米材料的各种方法中,静电纺丝和静电喷雾技术在过去数十年中开辟了低成本、简便、高效和可连续的纳米纤维制造技术路线,引起了科研工作者的广泛关注。本文介绍了静电纺丝和静电喷雾技术的基本原理、影响参数及种类（溶液静电纺丝、熔融静电纺丝、气流静电纺丝、乳液静电纺丝、同轴静电纺丝、多喷嘴静电纺丝和无针静电纺丝）,并阐明了不同静电纺丝技术种类的原理及特点。文章进一步着重介绍了静电纺丝和静电喷雾技术的优势及其在电池领域的前沿应用,特别是在锂离子电池、燃料电池、太阳能电池及超级电容器的应用,最后展望了静电纺丝和静电喷雾先进制造技术面临的挑战和发展前景。     

静电纺丝的研究进展

简述了国内外静电纺丝的研究现状;介绍了静电纺丝的制备原理、静电纺丝装置的改进、影响纤维成形的主要工艺参数及纤维形态;叙述了静电纺丝纳米纤维在过滤材料、生物医学和传感器等方面的应用;展望了静电纺丝的发展方向。指出静电纺丝是纳米纤维的新型生产技术,今后应进一步调整静电纺丝工艺,开发绿色溶剂,以尽早实现静电纺丝的工业化。     

油库静电火灾的成因及预防措施

简述静电产生的原因、静电火灾形成的条件，从减少静电电荷产生，防止静电电荷大量积聚和防止爆炸性气体形成三方面提出预防油库静电火灾的措施。     

浅谈长输原油管道的静电防护

在原油储运的各个阶段中,静电现象不可避免。静电的危害性极大,如果处理不当将会引起火灾爆炸事故。本文分析了静电的危害、生产中静电的产生原因、人体静电产生的原因,提出原油储运过程中静电的安全防护措施。     

浅谈静电火灾的产生机理及防护措施

本文通过对静电的产生机理、静电火灾的燃烧机理以及静电火灾成因的分析和探讨,就静电的防护提出一些见解,以期达到正确防护静电的目的。     

浅谈石油储备站静电的危害与预防

叙述了石油储备站静电的产生、消散与积聚的原因和过程,静电的放电和引燃条件,以及静电事故的预防。指出在静电放电的3种类型中,危险性最大的是火花放电。石油储备站静电事故的发生要从静电的产生和消散入手,控制输送油品的流量,避免喷溅式装油,做好金属油罐、管路、装油罐车等静电接地和防雷电接地,在爆炸危险场所应设人体排静电装置。     

水泥粉体静电附着的研究

应用静电感应原理设计水泥粉体静电量、筒体静电泄漏电流测试装置,研究水泥粉磨过程中的静电发生规律。结果表明:粉体静电是水泥粉体附着于磨机筒体边壁、研磨体的主要原因,静电感应双电层对静电水泥粉体吸引导致粉体静电附着,当粉磨到高比表面积时,因较细颗粒静电附着于筒体形成"缓冲衬垫",粉磨效率降低。     

浅谈化工企业静电的危害与防护

介绍了化工企业静电产生的原因、静电的危害以及消除静电危害的措施.     

浅谈油罐静电的产生及防范

介绍了静电产生的原因及危害,特别针对浮顶罐的特点介绍、分析了静电产生的因素,并采取有效措施及时将静电导出,降低静电电位,避免由静电而引发的油罐火灾。     

底座连接口特征参数对显示器后壳注塑质量的影响分析

在Moldflow分析软件的基础上,对显示器后壳进行仿真研究,以翘曲变形量为质量指标,结合控制变量法进行单因素变动实验,保持注射工艺参数不变,研究显示器后壳底座连接口对制品翘曲变形的影响。对数据进行图表分析,结果表明显示器后壳尺寸定位68.58 cm(27英寸)时,底座连接口选用圆形,连接口位置距离底边26 mm,尺寸为直径21 mm的时候模具翘曲表现更好。     

The role of the symmetry and the flexibility of the anion on the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ionic liquids☆

The transport properties of ionic liquids (ILs) are crucial properties in view of their applications in electrochem-ical devices. One of the most important advantages of ILs is that their chemical–physical properties and conse-quently their bulk performances can be well tuned by optimizing the chemical structures of their ions. This will require elucidating the structural features of the ions that fundamentally determine the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs. Here we showed for the first time that the“rigidity”, the order, and the compactness of the three-dimensional ionic networks generated by the anions and the cation head groups determine the formation and the sizes of the nanostructures in the apolar domains of ILs. We also found that the properties of ionic networks are governed by the conformational flexibility and the symmetry of the anion and/or the cation head group. The thermal stability of the nanostructures of ILs was shown to be con-trolled by the sensitivity of the conformational equilibrium of the anion to the change of temperature. We showed that the viscosity of ILs is strongly related to the symmetry and the flexibility of the constitute ions rather than to the size of the nanostructures of ILs. Therefore, the characteristics of the nanostructures and the viscosities of ILs, especially the thermal stability of the nanostructures, can be fine-tuned by tailoring the symmetry and the conformational flexibility of the anion.     

浅谈设备的性能与操作对胎面压出质量的影响

简要介绍了胎面压出的工作原理及工艺过程，对设备的配置及操作对胎面压出质量的影响进行了分析，并对压出过程中常见的质量缺陷、造成的原因以及解决措施提出了自己的见解。     

Investigation of the effects of fatty acids on the compressive strength of the concrete and the grindability of the cement

In cement industry, a great energy consumption has been observed during grinding of clinker. To reduce this consumption, some waste products have been used as grinding aids.In this investigation, the effects of sunflower oil (SO), oleic acid (OA), stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA) and lauric acid (LA) on the fineness and strength of the cement have been examined. These aids were added into clinker in certain ratios based on the cement clinker weight and the grinding has been done for a definite time at the same condition.All of the fatty acids used increased the fineness as compared with the cement without the grinding additives. SO and OA decreased the strength significantly, LA decreased it to a lesser extent and SA increased it definitely according to the common cement. But MA did not alter the strength of the cement as much as SA. In addition, the covering of the balls influences the grinding of cement clinker unfavourably.     

煤粉流动性对GSP气化炉气力输送的影响研究

针对GSP气化装置煤粉气力输送在试车阶段出现的煤粉锁斗下料不畅、发料罐输送性能不佳等问题,从原料煤性质和工业装置的改进方面出发,通过煤粉的流动性参数的测量与研究,分析出现上述工程问题可能的内在原因,并提出工业装置改进方法,为保证GSP煤粉气力输送工业装置的正常运行提供解决办法。     

煤的溶胀处理对药用腐植酸提取的影响研究

以气煤、肥煤、焦煤、瘦煤为样煤,进行了样煤的粉碎、有机溶剂溶胀和硝酸氧化处理,考察了处理后煤样中的药用腐植酸得率。结果表明,吡啶和N,N-二甲基吡咯烷酮是溶胀较好的溶剂;样煤粉碎后,随着粒度的减小,煤的溶胀率增加;粒度粉碎至200目的气、肥煤经吡啶溶胀和硝酸氧化后,煤样的药用腐植酸得率可达到73.0%和71.4%,而经甲醇溶胀和硝酸氧化的200目气煤药用腐植酸得率为56.4%和58.4%。实验结果表明,煤样经过溶胀和硝酸氧化处理,对药用腐植酸的提取有促进作用。     

Effect of the density of the electronic states at the valence orbital of the bridge redox molecule on the dependence of the tunnel current on the overvoltage in the case of fully adiabatic electron transition

Effect of the density of the electronic states at the valence orbital of the bridge redox molecule on the dependence of the tunnel current on the overvoltage and on the width at half maximum of the current-overvoltage curve is studied. A number of the approximate expressions for the density of states, the tunnel current and the width are obtained in the fully adiabatic limit for different particular cases. It is shown that at small values of the coupling of the electronic levels of the electrodes with the valence orbital of the redox molecule and the small values of the bias voltage two regions of the reorganization Gibbs energy exist with different dependence of the width on the reorganization Gibbs energy. The results of calculations of the density of states, the tunnel current and the width are presented and used for the interpretation of the experimental data [N.G. Tao, Phys. Rev. Lett. 76 (1996) 4066, I. Visoly-Fisher, K. Daie, Y. Terazono, C. Herrero, F. Fungo, L. Otero, E. Durantini, J.J. Silber, L. Sereno, D. Gust, T.A. Moore, A.L. Moore, S.M. Lindsay, PNAS 103 (2006) 8686].     

微通道内流体流动对聚酰胺微胶囊壁面褶皱的影响分析及应用

流体流动诱导微胶囊膜起皱和变形是一个普遍存在的现象。针对这一现象已有一些模拟和实验研究,但是对于微通道内不同因素对于微胶囊褶皱情况的影响以及褶皱的存在对于微胶囊实际膜面积和粒径的影响等方面却鲜有探讨。针对这一问题,本文制备了具有褶皱膜的聚酰胺微胶囊,并提出通过溶剂浸泡法将微胶囊膜褶皱伸展开,以分析微胶囊的实际膜面积和实际粒径。同时,定义了褶皱度的概念,将抽象的褶皱情况数值化,使分析更为方便。最终,通过研究分析发现,由于与流体剪切力正相关,流体流量和黏度的增大会导致微胶囊褶皱度增加;当这两者固定时,微胶囊粒径的改变对其褶皱度基本无影响。在应用方面,微胶囊壁面褶皱情况的分析为制备单核双壁式微胶囊提供了一种新思路。     

浮选柱结构参数对锶的浮选率影响的研究

研究了浮选柱浮选法对锶的浮选。考察了在锶最优浮选条件下浮选柱的高度、直径、布气室、微孔发泡器型号及柱形变化对浮选柱浮选法的影响。通过实验可知,浮选柱直径、发泡器、布气室、球型浮选柱都对锶的浮选率都有很大的影响;而浮选柱高度对浮选率的影响不大,但是在相同条件下,合适浮选柱高度可以缩短浮选时间;当选择合适的尺寸和球形柱,锶的浮选率最高可以达到97%。     

Effect of the drafting force on the strength of the bottom of the spinneret

In spinning basalt fibres, the drafting force is in the same range as in spinning of glass fibres. The effect of the drafting force can not be considered in the calculation for the strength and rigidity of the bottom of the spinneret. __________ Translated from Khimicheskie Volokna, No. 5, pp. 47–50, September–October, 2007.