工艺参数对Ni-ZrO_2纳米微粒复合镀层性能的影响

采用脉冲电源,在铜表面制备了复合镀层,研究了占空比、镀液中ZrO2纳米微粒添加量和脉冲频率对复合镀层的硬度、沉积速率和耐蚀性的影响。结果表明,随脉冲占空比的增加,镀层硬度、沉积速率和耐蚀性能均呈现先增大后减小的趋势;ZrO2纳米微粒的增加使镀层硬度增加,而沉积速率和耐蚀性能为先增大后减小;随脉冲频率的增加,镀层硬度、沉积速率及耐蚀性能均增加。最佳工艺参数应控制占空比为50%、ZrO2纳米微粒质量浓度9g/L、脉冲频率2000Hz。     

自动脉冲刷镀工艺参数对镍–氧化铝复合镀层残余应力的影响

基于自动化脉冲刷镀工艺,在发动机连杆大头孔内表面进行复合电刷镀,制备了Ni–α-Al2O3复合镀层。选取电压、镀笔速率、频率、脉冲占空比等4个工艺参数为影响因素,设计L16(44)正交试验。使用方差分析法研究了各工艺参数对水平和垂直方向上复合镀层残余应力的影响。采用综合加权评分法对镀层残余应力进行多目标优化,获得具有较理想残余应力镀层的最佳工艺参数为:电压14 V,镀笔速率2.5 m/min,脉冲占空比80%,频率600 Hz。脉冲占空比对镀层残余应力的影响最为显著。     

正向脉冲占空比对Ni-W-P-CeO2-SiO2纳米复合镀层性能的影响

通过Ni,W、P与CeO2、SiO2纳米颗粒的脉冲共沉积,在普通碳钢表面制备了Ni-W-P-CeO2-SiO2纳米复合镀层.在一定的脉冲频率和平均电流密度下,研究了正向脉冲占空比对纳米复合镀层的化学组成、沉积速率、显微硬度和显微组织的影响.结果表明:增大正向脉冲占空比时,纳米复合镀层的晶粒尺寸增大,沉积速率和显微硬度降低.当正向脉冲占空比控制在10%时,沉积速率最快(为48.6 μm/h),显微硬度最高(为696 HV).纳米复合镀层中的P含量随着正向脉冲占空比的增大而增加,但CeO2、SiO2纳米颗粒及W的含量不断降低,正向脉冲占空比对W的沉积量影响最明显.     

正向脉冲占空比对Ni–W–P–CeO_2–SiO_2纳米复合镀层性能的影响

通过Ni、W、P与CeO2、SiO2纳米颗粒的脉冲共沉积,在普通碳钢表面制备了Ni–W–P–CeO2–SiO2纳米复合镀层。在一定的脉冲频率和平均电流密度下,研究了正向脉冲占空比对纳米复合镀层的化学组成、沉积速率、显微硬度和显微组织的影响。结果表明:增大正向脉冲占空比时,纳米复合镀层的晶粒尺寸增大,沉积速率和显微硬度降低。当正向脉冲占空比控制在10%时,沉积速率最快(为48.6μm/h),显微硬度最高(为696HV)。纳米复合镀层中的P含量随着正向脉冲占空比的增大而增加,但CeO2、SiO2纳米颗粒及W的含量不断降低,正向脉冲占空比对W的沉积量影响最明显。     

高频脉冲电镀制备镍–钴/碳化硅复合镀层

采用高频脉冲电沉积法在不锈钢板上制备Ni–Co/SiC复合镀层。研究了镀液中SiC含量、脉冲频率、占空比以及平均电流密度对复合镀层中Si含量的影响,得到的较佳工艺参数为:纳米SiC 8 g/L,脉冲频率60 kHz,平均电流密度3～4 A/dm2,占空比0.32,温度40°C,pH 4.0～5.0,时间60 min。对比研究了较佳工艺下制备的Ni–Co/SiC和Ni–Co镀层的表面形貌和相结构。结果表明,Ni–Co/SiC复合镀层的表面比Ni–Co合金镀层更细致均匀,SiC具有细化镀层晶粒的作用。     

超临界流体辅助换向脉冲复合电沉积镍-石墨烯的工艺

利用具有高度扩散性和传质的超临界CO2流体辅助双脉冲电沉积技术制备Ni-rGO(还原氧化石墨烯)复合镀层.先通过正交试验确定较优的双脉冲电参数组合,再通过单因素试验研究了正反向脉冲平均电流密度和正、反向脉冲占空比对Ni-rGO复合镀层表面形貌、显微硬度和表面粗糙度的影响.当正向脉冲电流密度和占空比分别为7 A/dm2和...     

Ni／α-AI2O3纳米复合电镀工艺的研究 第三部分——采用双脉冲电源电镀时电源参数的优化

采用双脉冲电源，研究了电源参数对Ni／α-AI2O3纳米复合镀层耐蚀性的影响，得到最佳的脉冲参数为：正向脉冲频率1000Hz，正向脉冲占空比0.4，正向工作时间5ms，正向平均电流密度1.1A／dm^2，反向脉冲频率l000Hz，反向脉冲占空比0.4，反向工作时间1ms，反向平均电流密度0.44A／dm^2。     

脉冲电沉积工艺参数对结晶器铜板Ni-Al_2O_3复合镀层硬度的影响

采用脉冲电沉积技术在结晶器铜板表面制备了Ni-Al_2O_3复合镀层,并研究了脉冲电沉积工艺参数对其硬度的影响。结果表明:Ni-Al_2O_3复合镀层的硬度随占空比的增大(20%~100%)先增大后减小,随平均电流密度的增加(2~15A/dm~2)同样是先增大后减小;在占空比70%、平均电流密度9A/dm~2的条件下,获得纳米微粒的质量分数为3.76%的Ni-Al_2O_3复合镀层,其硬度达到最大值5.5GPa。复合镀层中纳米微粒的质量分数升高,有利于提高复合镀层的硬度。     

超声脉冲电沉积镍–氧化锆–氧化铈纳米复合镀层

在超声场中采用脉冲沉积法制备了Ni–ZrO2–CeO2二元纳米复合镀层。镀液组成和基础工艺条件为:氨基磺酸镍300 g/L,H3BO3 30 g/L,NH4Cl 5 g/L,润湿剂0.15 g/L,ZrO2 20 g/L,CeO235 g/L,温度(45±2)°C,pH 3.8±0.1,时间2 h。研究了平均电流密度、占空比和脉冲频率等对Ni–ZrO2–CeO2复合镀层中纳米颗粒含量的影响。采用静态浸泡法研究了不同脉冲参数下制备的纳米复合镀层在10%H2SO4溶液中的耐腐蚀性。结果表明,在平均电流密度4 A/dm2、占空比0.4、频率1 000 Hz条件下脉冲电沉积时,Ni–ZrO2–CeO2复合镀层中纳米颗粒的含量最高,表面最细致。超声波的引入使复合镀层中纳米颗粒的含量有少许降低,但能细化晶粒,提高复合镀层的耐腐蚀性能。Ni–ZrO2–CeO2复合镀层的耐腐蚀性优于相同工艺条件下制备的纯Ni、Ni–ZrO2以及Ni–CeO2镀层。     

Ni/α-Al2O3纳米复合电镀工艺的研究第三部分——采用双脉冲电源电镀时电源参数的优化

采用双脉冲电源,研究了电源参数对Ni/α-Al2O3纳米复合镀层耐蚀性的影响,得到最佳的脉冲参数为:正向脉冲频率1000Hz,正向脉冲占空比0.4,正向工作时间5ms,正向平均电流密度1.1A/dm2,反向脉冲频率1000Hz,反向脉冲占空比0.4,反向工作时间1ms,反向平均电流密度0.44A/dm2。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。