电气石/TiO2复合材料光催化深度处理垃圾渗滤液研究

采用电气石/TiO2复合光催化材料深度处理垃圾渗滤液,研究了反应时间、催化剂投加量、pH等因素对处理效果的影响.结果表明,在pH为8～9,光催化剂投加质量浓度为0.4 g/L,反应时间为150 min的条件下,垃圾渗滤液中COD、色度、Cu2+和pb2+的去除率分别可达89%、100%、98%和99%,该技术在垃圾渗滤...     

纳米TiO2光催化降解直接冻黄染料的研究

以纳米TiO2作为光催化剂,紫外灯为光源,对印染废水中的直接冻黄G染料进行了光催化降解实验.讨论了COD的初始浓度、光照时间、纳米TiO2投加量、初始pH值和外加催化剂Fe3＋的用量等五个因素对COD和色度去除率的影响.正交实验结果表明：初始pH值和光照时间是影响光催化氧化反应的关键因素;在初始COD为144.67mg/L、Fe3＋投加量为6.72mg/L、纳米TiO2投加量为100mg/mL、pH6的条件下,经6h的照射,COD的去除率达到80%,色度的去除率达到98.5%.     

Fe2O3/凹凸棒土吸附-光催化法处理间氯甲苯工业废水研究

采用酸化法对凹凸棒土进行改性,考察改性条件、投加量、吸附时间以及废水pH值等因素对吸附效果的影响。在盐酸浓度为4mol/L,煅烧温度为200℃时,在最佳吸附条件（改性凹凸棒土投加量0.500g/25mL,废水pH=4,吸附时间1h）下,吸附法处理染料中间体间氯甲苯废水,COD的去除率由改性前的2.2%提高到14.1%。采用浸渍法制备纳米Fe2O3/凹凸棒土复合催化剂并对其表征,XRD分析结果表明,该复合物中光催化剂主要由α-Fe2O3构成;用凹凸棒土吸附-光催化氧化联合法处理间氯甲苯工业废水,在催化剂加入量为1.0g/L,pH=2,紫外光或太阳光照6h条件下,废水COD去除率分别达到59.2%和52.3%。复合催化剂的光催化活性要远大于纯纳米α-Fe2O3的光催化活性。     

改性凹凸棒土处理垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的实验研究

采用NaCl和煅烧对凹凸棒土进行改性,研究改性凹凸棒土对洛阳市预处理后的垃圾渗滤液中氨氮的去除效果.对100 mL氨氮含量为97 mg/L的垃圾渗滤液的最佳吸附条件为:NaCl溶液浓度为10％,将预处理凹凸棒土在NaCl溶液中浸泡改性1h,干燥,煅烧500℃,调节水样的pH值为6,取改性凹凸棒土3.0g,吸附处理时间为40min,氨氮去除率可达94.8％.     

Fenton-混凝法预处理垃圾渗滤液工艺研究

采用Fenton-混凝法对重庆市垃圾填埋场的垃圾渗滤液进行预处理。通过响应面优化设计Fenton氧化处理垃圾渗滤液工艺,建立Box-Behnken数学模型,考察了pH、H_2O_2投加量和FeSO_4·7H_2O投加量对垃圾渗滤液化学需氧量(COD)的影响。结果表明:在pH、H_2O_2投加量和FeSO_4·7H_2O投加量分别为3.2、1.1%、0.4%时,Fenton法预处理垃圾渗滤液的最佳COD去除率为59.06%。     

负载型TiO_2光催化去除氨氮的研究

研究负载型TiO2光催化法去除氨氮的规律。采用溶胶-凝胶（sol-gel）法制备TiO2/天然沸石光催化剂。讨论温度、pH值、曝气量、催化剂投加量等因素对氨氮去除率的影响。结果表明,反应时间为3 h,pH值为10,光催化剂投加量为7 g/L、曝气量为0.2 m3/h、温度为32℃时,具有最佳氨氮去除效果,最大去除率为58.32%。     

Fenton试剂前处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

研究用Fenton试剂前处理含难降解有机物的垃圾渗滤液,考察了反应pH值、H2O2/Fe2 比值、Fenton试剂投加量和反应时间对可生化性、CODCr去除率的影响.结果表明:在pH=3.0～4.0、H2O2/Fe2 比值为6∶1(质量比)、H2O2投加量为600 mg·L-1、反应时间为120 min的条件下,CODCr的去除率达到75.0%,同时渗滤液的可生化性得到有效改善,BOD5/CODCr由31.9%提高到53.6%.由此可见,Fenton试剂能有效地提高垃圾渗滤液的可生化性,同时显著降低出水CODCr的浓度.     

无机絮凝剂处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

选用硫酸铝作为絮凝剂处理垃圾渗滤液,考察了投加量、搅拌时间、pH值和温度等4个因素,研究其对垃圾渗滤液中COD去除效果的影响.实验结果表明,反应最佳条件为:絮凝剂投加量为16g·L(-1),pH为6,温度为40℃,搅拌时间为15min,此时色度明显减弱,COD的去除率可达到79.8%.     

硅藻土负载纳米TiO2光催化剂处理腈纶废水中COD的研究

以纳米二氧化钛和硅藻土为原材料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了硅藻土负载纳米TiO2复合光催化剂处理腈纶废水,考察了催化剂用量、废水初始pH、废水初始浓度等对腈纶废水COD去除率的影响。结果表明,所制备的硅藻土负载纳米TiO2复合光催化剂具有较好的光降解性,在反应时间为6 h,投加量为4 g/L,pH为6,稀释倍数为2倍的条件下,COD去除率达到38.71%。     

混凝-Fenton法对中晚期垃圾渗滤液预处理研究

利用混凝-Fenton法对中晚期垃圾渗滤液进行预处理研究。首先以PAC为混凝剂,PAM为助凝剂对垃圾渗滤液进行混凝处理,然后对混凝后渗滤液进行Fenton氧化。考察混凝剂用量,起始pH值,H2O2/FeSO4·7H2O投加比,Fenton试剂投药量和搅拌速度对垃圾渗滤液COD去除的影响,并进行正交试验分析。结果表明:混凝法的最佳投药量为1 L渗滤液投加1.5 g PAC和5 mg PAM;Fenton法的最佳条件为:起始pH值为3,H2O2/FeSO4·7H2O投加比为8∶1,Fenton试剂投药量为135 g/L,搅拌速度为150 r/min;各因素对Fenton试验影响大小为:起始pH值Fenton试剂投药量搅拌速度。在最佳条件下,混凝-Fenton法对垃圾渗滤液COD去除率可达91.41%。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.