陶瓷粗骨料混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能试验研究

试验采用电通量法研究了陶瓷粗骨料、矿物掺合料掺量对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响.试验结果表明:陶瓷粗骨料掺量对混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能影响不大,与普通混凝土一样,其渗透性能等级为Q-Ⅱ;28 d龄期时,电通量随着粉煤灰掺量的增大略有增加;龄期继续增长,粉煤灰的掺入明显改善了混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能.复掺硅粉后,随着硅粉的增加,混凝土的电通量明显降低,硅粉的掺入大大提高了混凝土的抗氯离子渗透能力.     

超细粉煤灰改性再生骨料混凝土力学及抗冻性能研究

为研究不同掺量超细粉煤灰改性再生混凝土的性能,借助室内试验的手段测试了不同掺量超细粉煤灰对再生混凝土的力学及抗冻性能的影响。研究结果表明:超细粉煤灰的掺入能提高再生混凝土的后期抗压强度,当超细粉煤灰掺量为15%时,试件在28 d和56 d时,其再生混凝土抗压强度比基准混凝土分别提高了10.08%和8.26%;适量的超细粉煤灰能提高再生混凝土的抗冻性能,当超细粉煤灰掺量为15%时,冻融循环150次后,试件表层浮浆脱落,未出现微小裂隙。当超细粉煤灰掺量为25%时,试件表面变得凹凸不平,表层砂浆脱落,出现外漏的骨料。再生混凝土的抗压强度随着冻融循环次数的增加而降低,当超细粉煤灰掺量15%,再生混凝土的质量损失率均小于2%且相差不大,当超细粉煤灰掺量为25%时,质量损失率大幅提高。     

粉煤灰再生混凝土氯离子渗透性能影响因素研究

通过对再生混凝土试件进行氯离子自然扩散试验,研究了粉煤灰掺量、干湿循环、侵蚀时间、孔隙率4个因素对再生混凝土氯离子渗透性能的影响。试验研究说明:外掺粉煤灰能够有效提高再生混凝土氯离子渗透性能,氯离子渗透能力随着粉煤灰掺量增加呈现先增强后减弱趋势,粉煤灰的最优掺量为20%;干湿循环条件可以显著加速氯离子的渗透性,干湿循环作用对氯离子渗透性的影响与是否掺加粉煤灰关系不大;氯离子扩散速率伴随着侵蚀时间的延长而明显增大,表层比内部扩散较快,侵蚀前60d扩散较慢,随后加快;氯离子渗透性能随着孔隙率变大而增强,粉煤灰掺量为20%时孔隙率最低,抗渗性最好。     

冻融与氯盐耦合作用下超细粉煤灰混凝土抗碳化性能研究

为了研究氯盐与冻融耦合作用下超细粉煤灰混凝土的碳化性能,对不同掺量超细粉煤灰混凝土进行了抗压强度试验、基准碳化试验、冻融-碳化试验和盐冻-碳化耦合试验.结果表明:在标准养护条件下,混凝土试件中掺入少量超细粉煤灰会降低试件本身的抗压强度,但降低幅度不大,而掺入大量的超细粉煤灰其抗压强度下降比较明显.干燥养护下,掺入超细粉煤灰对试件的抗压强度影响较小,其抗压强度随掺量没有出现骤降.掺入适量的超细粉煤灰能提高混凝土的抗碳化性能,随着超细粉煤灰掺量增加,抗碳化性降低,当超细粉煤灰掺量超过25％时对混凝土抗碳化性能影响不大.当超细粉煤灰参量一定时,盐冻-碳化循环试验对混凝土碳化深度最不利,且超细粉煤灰混凝土的碳化深度与循环次数呈现二次函数关系.     

裂缝对碳化混凝土内钢筋腐蚀的影响研究

为了研究裂缝对碳化混凝土内钢筋腐蚀过程的影响,将粉煤灰掺量分别为0％、15％、30％的完好试件(3根)、开裂试件(3根)加速碳化后暴露于室内环境,通过半电位法评估了混凝土内钢筋的腐蚀状态.暴露试验的结果表明:(1)对于完好试件,钢筋的腐蚀电位随粉煤灰掺量的增加而降低,腐蚀概率随掺量的增加而增加;(2)通过劣化系数γ来表征裂缝对钢筋腐蚀的加速作用;普通混凝土为3.13,粉煤灰掺量15％混凝土为2.11 ～2.33,30％混凝土为1.63 ～ 1.69;(3)裂缝宽度为0.2 mm时,粉煤灰掺量为15％的混凝土可以最大程度地避免钢筋腐蚀.     

粉煤灰品质及掺量对混凝土性能影响试验研究

粉煤灰能改善混凝土内部微观结构,对混凝土力学、热工及早期抗裂性能产生影响,本文通过改变粉煤灰的品质及掺量,Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级粉煤灰掺量分别设置0、10％、20％、30％、40％梯度试验组,对不同品质及掺量的粉煤灰型混凝土进行力学强度试验、平板热流计试验及早期抗裂试验,探究混凝土的抗压强度、保温蓄热性能及早期抗裂性能变化规律.结果表明:相同掺量下,高品质粉煤灰混凝土抗压强度有所提高,导热系数较高,保温性能有所降低,早期抗裂性能提升;相同品质粉煤灰掺量增加,混凝土抗压强度呈现先上升后下降趋势,其中粉煤灰10％掺量抗压强度提高效果较好,掺量超过30％抗压强度开始低于空白组;导热系数在粉煤灰掺量10％时较大,之后呈现下降趋势;混凝土早期抗裂性能随粉煤灰掺量的增加而提高,掺入一定量的粉煤灰对混凝土早期抗裂性能具有良好促进作用.     

冻融循环作用后橡胶混凝土与钢筋锚固性能试验研究

在混凝土中掺入橡胶粉制成橡胶混凝土,既可对废旧轮胎进行高附加值利用,又可提高混凝土的抗裂、耐磨、抗滑、减振、降噪等多方面路用性能.为研究冻融循环作用后橡胶混凝土与钢筋的锚固性能,采用钢筋开槽内贴应变片的方法,快速冻融后做中心拉拔试验,研究了冻融循环次数以及橡胶掺量对橡胶混凝土与钢筋锚固性能的影响.试验结果表明:掺入5％、10％的橡胶粉,有利于冻融循环作用后钢筋与混凝土间的锚固性能;未经冻融循环的橡胶混凝土试件与橡胶粉掺量为0％的试件相比,橡胶掺量为15％的混凝土试件极限粘结强度下降56％,而橡胶掺量为5％、10％的试件极限粘结强度几乎没有下降;冻融循环至125次,橡胶掺量为5％、10％、15％的混凝土试件粘结强度分别下降60％、58％、50％,与未掺橡胶混凝土粘结强度相比下降幅度减小了约8％.     

粉煤灰对引气混凝土的抗冻性及气孔结构的影响

混凝土的抗冻性受诸多因素影响,而掺入粉煤灰后的混凝土对混凝土的抗冻影响很大。为了更好的了解粉煤灰对引气混凝土抗冻性能的影响,对比研究了普通硅酸盐引气混凝土与掺入30%粉煤灰的普通硅酸盐混凝土在不同水灰(胶)比的抗冻性能及气泡参数。试验研究表明:普通及掺粉煤灰引气混凝土质量损失率都随水灰(胶)比的增大而升高,而动弹性模量及相对动弹性模量都随水灰(胶)比的增大而减小。掺粉煤灰的普通硅酸盐引气混凝土的初始动弹性模量明显小于普通硅酸盐引气混凝土。相比较普通引气混凝土,掺入粉煤灰后小孔径气泡数量增加,大孔径气泡数量同样也增加了。在同水胶比下,掺粉煤灰的引气混凝土的气泡间距系数明显要小于不掺粉煤灰的普通引气混凝土,掺入粉煤灰会减小引气混凝土的比表面积,掺入粉煤灰后引气混凝土的气泡平均半径明显增大。     

低掺量粉煤灰再生混凝土抗冻耐久性试验研究

为进一步研究再生混凝土冻融循环后的性能变化,分析了再生粗骨料掺量(0％、20％、50％与100％)与低掺量粉煤灰(0％、10％、20％)在冻融循环作用下对再生混凝土质量损失率和相对动弹模量的影响,并通过电镜扫描技术对再生混凝土的微观结构进行了分析.结果表明:随着再生粗骨料掺量的增加,再生混凝土的质量损失率增加,相对动弹模量减小;粉煤灰掺量在20％范围内时,随着粉煤灰掺量的增加,再生混凝土的质量损失率减小,相对动弹模量增加;掺入低掺量粉煤灰减缓了再生混凝土的内部损伤速率;相比质量损失率,相对动弹模量对粉煤灰掺量的敏感性更高.     

粉煤灰混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的试验研究

研究了粉煤灰掺量、细度和水胶比对粉煤灰混凝土抗氯离子渗透性能的影响.结果表明:掺入粉煤灰,可显著改善混凝土早期抗氯离子渗透性能,其抗氯离子渗透性能随水胶比的减小而提高.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

Inorganic/organic nanocomposite coatings: The next step in coating performance

Inorganic/organic hybrid materials have considerable promise and are beginning to become a major area of research for many coating usages, including abrasion and corrosion resistance. Our primary approach is to prepare the inorganic phase in situ within the film formation process of the organic phase. The inorganic phase is introduced via sol-gel chemistry into a thermosetting organic phase. By this method, the size, periodicity, spatial positioning, and density of the inorganic phase can be controlled. An important aspect of the inorganic/organic hybrid materials is the coupling agent. The initial task of the coupling agent is to provide uniform mixing of the oligomeric organic phase with the sol-gel precursors, which are otherwise immiscible. UV-curable inorganic/organic hybrid systems have the advantages of a rapid cure and the ability to be used on heat sensitive substrates such as molded plastics. Also, it is possible to have better control of the growth of the inorganic phase using UV curing. It is our ultimate goal to completely separate the curing of inorganic and organic phases to gain complete control over the morphology, and hence optimization of “all” the coating properties. Thus far, it has been found that concomitant UV curing of the inorganic and organic phases using titanium sol-gel precursors afforded nanocomposite coatings which completely block the substrate from UV light while maintaining a transparent to visible light. Also, it has been found that the morphology of the inorganic phase is highly dependent on the concentration and reactivity of the coupling agent. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.