全球水稻田除草剂的使用现状及市场

综述了全球水稻种植面积及除草剂的使用、市场销售情况,其中对近期新开发的水稻田除草剂品种进行了简要介绍。     

世界油菜田用除草剂的使用现状及市场

综述了全球油菜种植面积、除草剂的使用情况及市场销售情况,对近期新开发的油菜田除草剂品种进行了简要介绍.     

除草剂代谢研究与新除草剂创制

概述了一些除草剂在植物体内的活化作用及研究除草剂代谢对新除草剂创制的重要性. 除草剂代谢研究与创制新除草剂的前期研究相结合,为新除草剂设计提供了新的思路,可加速新除草剂的开发进程,提高了新除草剂研制的命中率. 此外,论述了基于一些高毒农药代谢特性来改造母体农药的结构,能获得高效、低毒的前体农药.     

国外除草剂助剂品种开发动向

简要介绍了国外除草剂助剂品种开发趋势和几种新助剂品种的结构类型及其特性。     

除草剂产品开发存在问题的探讨

除草剂创制产品开发存在评价方法不规范，缺乏对除草剂特性、使用技术和市场全面，解盲目追新，登记试验资料不规范．评价药效不准确，相同产品的低水平重复以及不合理的混配制剂太多。除草剂创制新品种要规范评价方法，老品种开发要选安全性好，使用技术成熟的品种，登记试验要规范资料，混配制剂的开发也要安全第一,解决各地难治杂草危害问题，重视基因与除草剂结构调整。     

全球水稻田除草剂概况及新品种介绍

综述了全球水稻种植概况、水稻田除草剂使用情况及销售预测。并对近期水稻田开发的新除草剂品种进行了简要介绍。     

除草剂品种发展近况

本文概述了除草剂品种发展近况，主要新品种，抗除草剂作用品种，并对我国除草剂品种开发提出了建议。     

除草剂

生产现状:国外农药的生产与使用均以除草剂为主,我国除草剂的生产与发达国家相比,品种少、质量差、差距很大。我国化学除草面积只占全部耕地面积的9%,而发达国家占80%左右。我国除草剂的产量1987年24个品种共2.3万吨,1 988年为2.01万吨,1980～1988年年均增长率为2.4%。日本除草剂产量     

纤维素生物合成抑制剂（CBI）类除草剂研究进展

在开发具有新作用机制的除草剂品种过程中,纤维素生物合成是潜在的理想靶标。此类除草剂既具有植物专一性又能有效避免田间抗性产生。概述了纤维素的生物合成以及CBI类除草剂的研究进展,包括种类、主要品种和相应的作用机制。     

新的抑制ALS的除草剂——Flumetsulam

磺酰脲类化合物的发现与应用表明,以ALS作为靶标是开发超高效除草剂的重要领域,它代表了除草剂品种发展的新潮流。磺酰脲类除草剂的典型结构是联结两个环的磺酰脲桥,近年来,通过脲桥的分子重排及结构改造,发现了多种新类型的超高活性化合物,其中特别值得重视的是三唑嘧啶磺酰胺,在此类化合物中已开发成功的第一个品种是广谱性除草剂Flumetsulam。     

科技创新与钢铁科技进步

建设创新型国家是我们中华民族的历史责任。“自主创新、重点突破、支撑发展、引领未来”的16字方针应当成为我们未来创新活动的指南。建设创新型国家把自主创新放在首位,并提出了引领未来的高标准要求。钢铁科技创新必须突出重点,抓住创新成果产业化这个关键,支撑起行业和国民经济的发展。     

Orthophosphates and Diphosphates Containing Zinc and Copper and Zinc and Cobalt

Solid solutions of diphosphates of zinc and copper and of zinc and cobalt were synthesized from mixtures of pure diphosphates at temperatures up to 1000°C. Their X-ray diffractometry patterns varied continuously from one end member to the other. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn_3−xCox(PO₄)2, with x = 0.4–1.6, were formed at temperatures up to 950°C; all exhibited the structure of γ-Zn₃(PO₄)2. Solid solutions of orthophosphates of composition Zn_3−xCu_x(PO₄)2 exhibited more-complex behavior. At 1000°C and copper contents of 20–80 mol%, a phase that is related to Cu₃(PO₄)2, termed here the "ε-phase," predominated. At 850°–950°C and in the region from 20 mol% to ∼33 mol% of copper, the solid solutions (the "η-phase") adopted the structure of graftonite. At 800°–900°C and 10–15 mol% of copper, the solid solutions exhibited a new structure (the "δ-phase"), which we found to be related to the mineral sarcopside. At temperatures 950°C, the solutions that contained 5–15 mol% of copper (the "β-phase") had the structure of β-Zn₃(PO₄)2, whereas at 800°–850°C, solutions with 5 mol% of copper (the "-phase") exhibited the structure of γ-Zn₃(PO₄)2. Attempts to synthesize Cu⁺ZnPO₄ and Cu⁺Cu²⁺Zn₃(PO₄)3 were unsuccessful.     

油气管道及储运设施安全保障技术发展现状及展望

相比已经完善丰富的开采和勘探技术,油气的运输以及储存却仍然存在不足之处。我国对能源安全提出更加严格要求的同时,对区域经济的发展规划也有足够重视。因此,保障油气管道的安全则成为了我国能源安全战略的重中之重。在阐释油气管道现阶段在储运安全保障技术发展状况的基础上,分析了现存的问题及解决问题的手段,并指出未来可能使用的目标策略,为今后研究者提供一定程度上的借鉴经验。     

膜的污染和劣化及其防治对策

较为系统地介绍了膜污染和劣化的定义和特点,因膜污染和劣化而造成的膜性能变化,以及如何预防、减少或清除膜污染和劣化的一些通用方法。     

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of (−) and (+)-Spiroleucettadine and Analogues

A second-generation enantiospecific synthesis of spiroleucettadine is described. The original reported antibacterial activity was not observed when the experiment was repeated on the synthetic samples; however, significant anti-proliferative activity was uncovered for both enantiomers of spiroleucettadine. Comparison of the optical rotational data and ORD-CD spectra of both enantiomers and the reported spectrum from the natural source have not provided a definitive answer regarding the absolute stereochemistry of naturally occurring spiroleucettadine. Efforts then focussed on alteration at the C-4 and C-5 positions of the slightly more active (−)-spiroleucettadine. Ten analogues were synthesised, with three analogues found to possess similar anti-proliferative profiles to spiroleucettadine against the H522 lung cancer cell line.     

油气田开发建设与环境影响

油气田的开发建设一直是我国石油行业中的重中之重。随着我国石油行业的快速发展,各项领域对石油与天然气的需求也越来越大。但是,随着石油与天然气的大力开采,对环境产生了不良的影响。对此,通过对油气田的开发、油气田开发建设对环境的影响以及环境的保护对策等方面进行了简略的说明,希望对我国以后油气田开发建设有一定的指导作用。     

Crystallography and equilibrium solubility for ammonium and potassium orthophosphites and hypophosphites

The composition and solubility properties of eight ammonium and potassium orthophosphites and hypophosphites were determined to evaluate the potential of these classes of materials for increasing the plant nutrient content of liquid fertilizers. Phase relationships for the systems (NH₄)₂O-P₂O₃-H₂O, K₂O-P₂O₃-H₂O, (NH₄)₂O-P₂O-H₂O, and K₂O-P₂O-H₂O were determined along with the crystallographic properties (X-ray and optical) of the solid phases. Toxicity and phosphite response was tested in greenhouse experiments for the compounds.     

填料-橡胶的化学和物理作用及补强ⅡN330,SiO2,n-SiO2和n-SiO2/KH-846与NR

研究了填料－橡胶的相互作用。发现N330－NR间的相互作用。n－SiO2（粒径：15nm）／KH－846－NR间的相互作用，都是化学作用占优势（＞80％），化学作用对补强的贡献率都大于90％；无偶联剂KH－846时，n－SiO2和SiO2（粒径：15．8nm）与NR都无化学作用，只有物理交联，由于隔离作用，都降低硫化体系与橡胶相互作用的化学交联密度，但n-SiO2的物理交联密度是SiO2的2．6倍，对补强的贡献是SiO2的1．9倍，也是n-SiO2／KH－846体系的61％。     

Tetraalkynylated and Tetraalkenylated Benzenes and Pyridines: Synthesis and Photophysical Properties

Tetra(arylalkynyl)pyridines and tetra(arylalkenyl)pyridines and their benzene analogues were prepared by palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions from the commercially available chlorinated substrates in good to excellent yields. The photophysical properties of selected compounds were investigated and compared to each other. Very good fluorescence quantum yields were observed, especially for the pyridine derivatives.     

蔬菜水果中硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐的测定及其储藏过程中的含量变化

文章采用离子色谱法/电导检测器,测定了蔬菜水果样品中的硝酸盐和亚硝酸的含量。实验选取并优化样品前处理方法,获得无色透明的溶液后,经0.45μm过滤器过滤后得到待测液,最后自动进样,离子色谱法进行样品测定,以10 mmol/L KOH溶液为淋洗液,相对标准偏差：NO3-为0.38%,NO2-为0.54%;回收率：NO3-为98.8%～99.7%,NO2-为98.6%～99.9%。本方法操作简便快速,且具有仪器稳定性好、测定结果准确可靠的特点。在被测定蔬菜水果中,硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量都在较低浓度水平,NO3-：16.8～21.9 mg/kg,NO2-：0.0887～0.164 mg/kg。最后讨论了几种蔬菜水果样品储藏过程中硝酸盐与亚硝酸盐的含量变化情况。