S-157酚醛树脂/CBFTC复合材料的研究

制备了连续玄武岩纤维平纹布(CBFTC)增强S-157酚醛树脂复合材料。研究了树脂含量对S-157酚醛树脂/CBFTC复合材料力学性能和烧蚀性能的影响,并借助扫描电子显微镜对复合材料断面的微观形貌进行了分析,同时将S-157酚醛树脂/CBFTC复合材料与S-157酚醛树脂/高强玻璃纤维平纹布(GFTC)复合材料进行了性能对比。结果表明,树脂含量在30%时S-157酚醛树脂/CBFTC复合材料的力学性能和烧蚀性能最佳;S-157酚醛树脂/CBFTC复合材料比S-157酚醛树脂/GFTC复合材料具有更好的力学性能和烧蚀性能。     

特种酚醛树脂基烧蚀复合材料的研究

对T-700碳纤维(T-700CF)、特种玻璃纤维(HSGF)、S-2高强玻璃纤维(S-2GF)、连续玄武岩纤维(CBF)的基本力学性能和热性能进行了研究和对比,同时对T-700CF、HSGF、S-2GF、CBF增强特种酚醛树脂1(PR1)复合材料的力学性能和烧蚀性能进行了对比,探讨了PR1/CBF的烧蚀机理。结果表明,PR1/T-700CF的弯曲性能和烧蚀性能最佳;PR1/CBF次之,能够取代PR1/S-2GF和PR1/HSGF;PR1/CBF的氧-乙炔烧蚀过程中主要存在着材料吸热、基体材料与气流的热化学反应、热辐射效应、增强材料的熔化和升华、高速粒子和气流冲刷、机械剥离等烧蚀机理。     

玄武岩纤维/玻璃纤维/天然橡胶复合材料的制备及性能

制备了玄武岩纤维/玻璃纤维/天然橡胶复合材料,考察了纤维层数、纤维取向、天然橡胶的用量和硅烷偶联剂种类对复合材料性能的影响。结果表明,当玄武岩纤维和玻璃纤维以45°交叉摆放2层、天然橡胶的加入量为50份,采用KH 590作偶联剂时,复合材料的力学性能最佳。与硅烷偶联剂KH 550和Si 69相比,采用KH 590作偶联剂时复合材料的力学性能和热稳定性更好。     

玄武岩纤维表面处理及其复合材料界面改性研究

为改善玄武岩纤维的织造性能及其复合材料的界面性能，本文采用表面偶联剂结合乳液型浆料上浆的方法对纤维进行表面处理，研究表明，采用乳液型浆料处理后，玄武岩纤维的织造性能得到显著改善，在上浆处理前对纤维进行表面偶联剂处理，可使玄武岩纤维／环氧复合材料的界面性能得到明显提高，从而实现了纤维织造性能与复合材料界面力学性能的共同改善。     

玄武岩纤维及其复合材料性能研究

本文研究了一种与玄武岩纤维相匹配的环氧基体及其与玄武岩纤维复合材料的性能。对比了玄武岩纤维／环氧和S2玻纤／环氧两种复合材料的性能。结果证明玄武岩纤维可替代一部份的玻璃纤维。     

玄武岩纤维/酚醛树脂基复合材料性能研究

对玄武岩纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料进行了实验研究。制备了连续玄武岩纤维平纹织物增强酚醛树脂复合材料。研究了胶含量对玄武岩纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料拉伸、压缩和层间剪切强度等力学性能、耐烧蚀性能的影响。利用SEM对复合材料压缩、层间剪切破坏断口和烧蚀试样的微观形貌进行了分析。研究结果表明,玄武岩纤维/酚醛树脂复合材料具有较好的界面性能,树脂含量在36%时CBF/酚醛树脂复合材料的力学性能最佳,线烧蚀性率和质量烧蚀率最低。     

乙烯基树脂型浸润剂对玄武岩纤维和玻璃纤维复合材料的影响

介绍了两类乙烯基树脂型成膜剂乳液、水溶性抗静电剂的合成以及对应两类乙烯基树脂型玄武岩纤维和玻璃纤维浸润剂的配制,对玄武岩纤维原丝、无捻粗纱和玻璃纤维无捻粗纱的可燃物含量及拉伸强度等性能进行了检测评估。分别使用环氧树脂和乙烯基树脂拉制玄武岩纤维复合筋并测试复合筋的力学性能,利用环氧树脂和乙烯基树脂基体,研究环氧树脂型浸润剂和乙烯基树脂型浸润剂对玻璃纤维浸胶纱力学性能的影响。试验结果表明浸润剂改变玄武岩纤维和玻璃纤维与树脂基体的相容浸润性,从而提高树脂纤维复合材料的力学性能高达40%。     

F-12和国产芳纶Ⅲ纤维/环氧单向复合材料力学性能和强度对比分析

采用单向复合材料缠绕型式,对F-12和国产芳纶Ⅲ纤维增强环氧复合材料进行力学性能测试,考核了两种芳纶纤维/环氧复合材料界面黏结性能,并进行拉伸破坏机理与强度分析,获得了强度参数值.结果表明:两种芳纶纤维单向复合材料具有明显的各向异性特征,轴向力学性能远高于径向力学性能;F-12/环氧复合材料力学性能优于国产芳纶Ⅲ/环氧复合材料性能;两种复合材料纤维/树脂界面粘接较差.     

环氧树脂/玻璃纤维复合材料加速湿热老化机理研究

为研究环氧/玻璃纤维复合材料加速湿热老化机理，采用恒定温度下改变湿度和恒定湿度下改变温度两种方法对环氧/玻璃纤维复合材料进行湿热加速老化试验，并对复合材料的动力学和力学性能进行测试。根据力学性能、动态热机械性能(DMA)、扫描电镜(SEM)和红外(IR)测试结果分析湿热对环氧/玻璃纤维复合材料树脂基体、纤维和界面的老化作用机理，由试验结果可知，随着老化试验温度和湿度的增加，复合材料力学强度降低越为明显，在温度和湿度两个参数中，湿度对复合材料的强度影响较大，且复合材料湿热老化后性能衰退主要是由界面破坏引起的。     

高性能酚醛树脂基烧蚀复合材料的研究

本文采用DSC、TG和GPC等测试方法对硼酚醛树脂和S-15X酚醛树脂的固化工艺、热失重特性、分子量及其分布进行了表征和对比,在此基础上对比研究了连续玄武岩纤维、S-2高强玻璃纤维、高硅氧纤维、碳纤维增强硼酚醛树脂和S-15X酚醛树脂复合材料的烧蚀性能和弯曲性能,最后考察了脱模剂对硼酚醛树脂复合材料压制工艺的影响。研究结果表明：硼酚醛树脂复合材料的烧蚀性能、弯曲性能都要优于S-15X酚醛树脂复合材料,通过使用PMR、MIRROR GLAZE代替硬脂酸作为外脱模剂,19W RELEASE代替油酸作为内脱模剂,能良好的解决硼酚醛树脂复合材料压制工艺问题。     

低成本高性能酚醛树脂基烧蚀材料的性能研究

本文对硼酚醛树脂、高残碳酚醛树脂、S-157酚醛树脂的固体含量、粘度、凝胶时间进行了表征和对比,此基础上对比研究了连续玄武岩纤维平纹布增强三种酚醛树脂复合材料的密度、硬度、导热系数,同时对三种复合材料的烧蚀性能和力学性能进行了测试和对比。研究结果表明：硼酚醛树脂复合材料的力学性能最好,S-157酚醛树脂复合材料其次,高残碳酚醛树脂复合材料的力学性能最差;在烧蚀性能方面,硼酚醛树脂复合材料和高残碳酚醛树脂复合材料相当,S-157酚醛树脂复合材料最差。     

RTM制备玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂复合材料的力学性能分析

以环氧树脂为基体,短切玻璃纤维和玻璃纤维布为增强材料,通过RTM工艺制备了玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂(GF/EP)复合材料,并研究了RTM工艺制备玻璃纤维布增强环氧树脂(L-GF/EP)和短切玻璃纤维增强环氧树脂(S-GF/EP)复合材料的拉伸和弯曲性能,分析了开孔对两种复合材料拉伸性能的影响。结果表明:在拉伸过程中,开孔试样因孔边产生的应力集中,导致其拉伸强度与无孔试样相比下降了30%左右;玻纤铺层类型的不同对复合材料的力学性能具有显著影响;L-GF/EP复合材料内部结构完整,在载荷作用下,复合材料的弯曲断裂呈现一定的假塑性断裂模式,达到弯曲极限挠度值后,出现一定程度的回弹现象,其力学性能优于S-GF/EP复合材料。     

BF/CF层间混杂结构对复合材料性能影响

制备了碳纤维/玄武岩纤维(CF/BF)层间混杂增强酚醛树脂基复合材料,通过力学性能测试研究了混杂结构对复合材料性能的影响,并与层数相同叠合压制成型的BF复合材料的性能进行了对比。结果表明,CF/BF混杂纤维增强酚醛树脂基复合材料较BF复合材料力学性能提高,嵌层结构复合材料综合性能好于夹芯结构。     

Manufacturing and testing of long basalt fiber reinforced thermoplastic matrix composites

In this work, long basalt fiber reinforced composites were investigated and compared with short basalt fiber reinforced compounds. The results show that long fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites are particularly advantageous in the respects of dynamic mechanical properties and injection molding shrinkage. The fiber orientation in long basalt fiber reinforced products fundamentally differs from short basalt fiber reinforced ones. This results in more isotropic molding shrinkage in case of long basalt fiber reinforced composites. The main advantage of the used long fiber thermoplastic technology is that the special long fiber reinforced pellet can be processed by most conventional injection molding machines. During extrusion compounding the fibers in the compound containing 30 wt% fibers are fragmented to an average length of 0.48 mm (typical of short fiber reinforced thermoplastic compounds), this length decreases further during injection molding to 0.20 mm. Contrarily using long fiber reinforced pellets and cautious injection molding parameters, an average fiber length of 1.8 mm can be achieved with a conventional injection molding machine, which increased the average length/diameter ratio from 14 to 130. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2010. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers     

Pultruded fiber reinforced thermoplastic poly(methyl methacrylate) composites. Part II: Mechanical and thermal properties

A novel process has been developed to manufacture poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) pultruded parts. The mechanical and dynamic mechanical properties, environmental effects, postformability of pultruded composites and properties of various fiber (glass, carbon and Kevlar 49 aramid fiber) reinforced PMMA composites have been studied. Results show that the mechanical and thermal properties (i.e. tensile strength, flexural strength and modulus, impact strength and HDT) increase with fiber content. Kevlar fiber/PMMA composites possess the highest impact strength and HDT, while carbon fiber/PMMA composites show the highest tensile strength, tensile and flexural modulus, and glass fiber/PMMA composites show the highest flexural strength. Experimental tensile strengths of all composites except carbon fiber/PMMA composites follow the rule of mixtures. The deviation of carbon fiber/PMMA composite is due to the fiber breakage during processing. Pultruded glass fiber reinforced PMMA composites exhibit good weather resistance. They can be postformed by thermoforming, and mechanical properties can be improved by postforming. The dynamic shear storage modulus (G′) of pultruded glass fiber reinforced PMMA composites increased with decreasing pulling rate, and G′ was higher than that of pultruded Nylon 6 and polyester composites.     

Investigation of basalt fiber composite aging behavior for applications in transportation

New materials such as basalt fiber offer the promise of innovative applications in transportation because of documented strengths (V. Ramakrishnan, N.S. Tolmare, and V. Brik, “NCHRP‐IDEA Program Project Final Report, ” Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC, (1998)). Previously, we found that mechanical properties of basalt twill fabric‐reinforced polymer composites were comparable to composites reinforced with glass fabrics of similar structures [Q. Liu, M.T. Shaw, R.S. Parnas, and A.M. McDonnell, Polymer Composites, 27(1), 41 (2006)]. Use in transportation also requires knowledge of environmental durability. This study reports the tolerance of basalt‐fiber‐reinforced polymer composites to salt water immersion, moisture absorption, temperature, and moisture cycling. Parallel tests were conducted for the corresponding glass‐reinforced polymer composites. Aging for 240 days in salt water or water decreased the Young's modulus and tensile strength of basalt composites slightly but significantly (p < 0.05). Freeze‐thaw cycling up to 199 cycles did not change the shear strength significantly, but aging in hot (40°C) salt water or water did decrease the shear strength of basalt composites (p < 0.05). The aging results indicate that the interfacial region in basalt composites may be more vulnerable to damage than that in glass composites. POLYM. COMPOS., 27:475–483, 2006. © 2006 Society of Plastics Engineers     

连续玻璃纤维增强PLA复合材料3D打印技术研究

以聚乳酸(PLA)为基体,连续玻璃纤维为增强体,采用熔融浸渍工艺制备连续玻璃纤维预浸丝,将制得的预浸丝作为3D打印耗材用于熔融沉积(FDM)的3D技术来制备连续玻璃纤维增强PLA复合材料试样,并研究了打印温度、层厚和打印速度对复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明,当打印层厚为0. 5 mm,打印温度为230℃,打印速度为2 mm/s时,连续玻璃纤维增强PLA复合材料的弯曲性能最佳,弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别为327. 84 MPa和20. 293 GPa。综合考虑复合材料的力学性能、表面质量和尺寸稳定性,连续玻璃纤维增强PLA复合材料的最佳打印层厚为0. 5 mm,适宜的打印温度范围为200~220℃,打印速度范围为2~4 mm/s。     

玄武岩纤维表面改性的研究进展

纤维增强复合材料的力学性能主要受到纤维性能、树脂性能以及纤维与树脂间的复合材料界面性能影响。在实际应用中,纤维表面改性是增强纤维和基体之间结合力,拓展应用领域的关键。本文综述了国内外玄武岩纤维的几种改性工艺,总结了各种表面改性方法的作用机理及其改性效果,并简要介绍了玄武岩纤维的性质及应用。研究发现,玄武岩纤维经过改性后,其性能均有所改善,如表面活性提高、强度增大、界面黏结力增强等,这有利于其作为增强体制备各种性能优异的复合材料,从而应用于土木建筑、汽车船舶、石油化工、航空航天等领域。此外,本文最后还指出了玄武岩纤维改性领域目前存在的主要问题,并对未来该领域研究发展方向做出展望。