牙膏用二氧化硅的研制

论述由硅酸钠和硫酸制备适用于牙膏及透明牙膏的二氧化硅。所得产品含二氧化硅ω(SiO2)≥92.0%，结构水ω(H2O)为3．5％－4．5％，pH值6.2-7.0，粒径6－12μm，松密度200－300g/L，吸油值90-150ml/100g，辐射牙本质磨损（RDA）值50－70，折光率1.440-1.445。     

球形氢氧化铝牙膏磨擦剂的研制

由铝酸钠溶液和二氧化碳制备适用于牙膏的氢氧化铝，得到较佳工艺条件：铝酸钠质量分数为15％～20％，在加℃下加入理论产物(AI(OH)3)30％～加％的助剂，混合二氧化碳气进行中和，保持溶液pH值为12～14，得到接近球形的氢氧化铝产物。测定产物的物化和应用性能，与国内目前生产的氢氧化铝牙膏磨擦剂进行对比。结果表明：产品中氢氧化铝质量分数≥99．0％，pH值降低1．1达到8．1，粒度分布更加集中，d50为8μm～11μm、折光率1．577～1．581、吸油率0．30mL／g～0.35mL／g、辐射牙本质磨损(RDA)60～80。     

四氧化三钴制备方法的研究

在65℃下，碱液和钴液总流量控制在2．5L／h左右，pH控制在10．30-10．40之间，采用钴液浓度为90g／L，添加钴含量125％的络合剂，碱液7．0mol／L。搅拌桨转速为300rpm；此种条件下做出来的四氧化三钴松装粒度均较好，形态呈球形。     

钕和镨共掺杂TiO2光催化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备纯纳米TiO2、钕和镨掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化剂,以甲基橙为目标降解物,研究了催化剂加入量、染料初始质量浓度、溶液pH值对甲基橙降解率的影响。实验结果表明,钕掺杂的纳米TiO2光催化活性高于纯纳米TiO2的光催化活性,而适量钕镨共掺杂纳米TiO2光催化活性可进一步提高,最佳掺杂浓度为0．5％的钕和0．2％的镨。当钕和镨共掺杂纳米TiO2催化剂加入量为2．0g／L,甲基橙溶液的初始质量浓度为30mg／L,pH值为10．5时,在40w紫外灯光照射35min后降解率最好,可达到93％。     

牙膏用二氧化硅的研制

论述由硅酸钠和硫酸制备适用于牙膏及透明牙膏的二氧化硅，所得产品含二氧化硅w(SiO2)≥92.0%，结构水w(H2O)为3.5%-4.5%;pH值6.2-7.0。粒径6-12μm。松密度200-300g/L。吸油值90-150ml/100g，辐射牙本质磨损（RDA）值5070，折光率1.400-1.445。     

UV/TiO2悬浮体系光催化降解碱性品红及机理研究

研究了在UV／TiO2悬浮体系中光催化降解碱性品红。考察了碱性品红浓度、悬浮液pH值和外加无机盐对降解效果的影响。实验结果表明,当碱性品红质量浓度分别为20．0mg／L,30．0mg／L,40．0mg/L时,光照180min后,悬浮液中剩余的碱性品红质量浓度分别为1．8mg／L,2．3mg／L,3．4mg／L。pH=9．00时降解效果最好,当初始碱性品红质量浓度为30mg/L时,光照180min后,悬浮液中剩余的碱性品红质量浓度为0．8mg／L;pH=3．00的降解效果最差,光照180min后,悬浮液中剩余的碱性品红质量浓度为6．8mg／L;无机盐对降解效果有不同程度的负面影响。对降解机理的探讨表明光催化反应发生在光催化剂表面。     

球形氢氧化铝牙膏磨擦剂的研制

由铝酸钠溶液和二氧化碳制备适用于牙膏的氢氧化铝,得到较佳工艺条件：铝酸钠质量分数为15％～20％,在40℃下加入理论产物(Al(OH3)30％～40％的助剂,通混合二氧化碳气进行中和,保持溶液DH值为12～14,得到接近球形的氢氧化铝产物。测定产物的物化和应用性能,与国内目前生产的氢氧化铝牙膏磨擦剂进行对比。结果表明：产品中氧氧化铝质量分数≥990％,pH值降低1．1达到8．1,粒度分布更加集中,d50为8μm～11μm、折光率1．577～1．581、吸油率0．30mL／g～0．35mL／g、辐射牙本质磨损(RDA)60～80。     

TiO2催化光降解水中的4-壬基酚

利用毛细管气相色谱法研究了水中4-壬基酚在纳米TiO2催化作用下的紫外光降解特性,考察了TiO2用量、pH值、起始浓度、光照距离和光照时间与降解率的关系。初始浓度为100μg／L的4-壬基酚模拟水样,在TiO2加入量为0．48／L,pH值为6．0,光照距离为10cm的条件下,光照60min其降解率可达90％以上。     

臭氧氧化处理苯胺废水

采用臭氧氧化法处理苯胺溶液，考察了反应时间、苯胺浓度、溶液pH、臭氧流量等因素对苯胺降解率的影响。研究结果表明：初始浓度200mg／L时，pH值9．0、臭氧流量为300mg／h，经10min后苯胺去除率达到99％以上。苯胺降解反应符合一级反应动力学。TOC降解速率低于苯胺分子降解速率，反应30min后，TOC去除率比苯胺去除率低40％左右，表明伴随着苯胺的分解，生成一系列中间产物。     

氨氮废水的吸附处理

探讨了经镁离子改性并煅烧的膨润土对氨氮废水的吸附特性，考察了pH、反应温度、反应时间、改性膨润土的用量等因素对改性膨润土吸附性能的影响。结果表明：经镁离子改性的膨润土对氮有较好的吸附性能。且当膨润土中镁离子质量分数为2．0％、经300℃煅烧2h时，在pH=6、镁离子改性的膨润土的用量为10g／L、吸附时间为30min的条件下，对质量浓度为100mg／L的氨氮废水的去除率可达到91％，处理后的废水氨氮质量浓度小于15mg／L，达到了国家一级排放标准。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.