非金属基体直接镀铜技术

在非金属上涂覆改性石墨乳,其导电性与金属仍存在较大的差别,使用传统的恒流工艺难以在其上面实施电镀铜.为了探究石墨导电层上的镀铜工艺,发现恒压电镀能在石墨导电层上电镀铜.为了提高镀铜层的外观性能,对恒压镀铜工艺的参数进行了优选.结果证明,在非金属上采用优化电压以及多点卡具,能获得厚度均匀、光亮的镀铜层.     

用于电磁屏蔽与吸收材料的镀镍石墨粉的研究

采用阴离子型和非离子型表面活性剂解决石墨粉与水的浸润问题,使用H2SO4和K2Cr2O7溶液对石墨粉末进行氧化,增强镀覆金属与石墨粉的结合力.利用AgNO3和PdCl2溶液对石墨粉末进行活化,在石墨粉表面化学镀铜和化学镀镍;石墨粉末镀铜可以增强其导电性,铜表面再镀镍可以提高其导磁性能.讨论了化学镀铜工艺条件,开发出一种导电导磁性能好、密度小和价格低的镀镍石墨粉类导电填料.     

镀铜石墨粉烧结材料的研制

本文叙述了以化学镀覆方法在石墨粉末表面上镀覆铜和镀铜石墨粉复合材料烧结制品的制备。 对直径小于44μm的石墨粉表面镀铜,铜含量以重量百分比计算,在40～80％范围内可控。镀后石墨粉直接压制、焙烧。焙烧产品的金相照片显示了理想的结构,铜贯穿于整个复合材料,形成了连续的三维金属网络。烧结产品的电阻系数及摩擦、磨损性能明显优越于传统工艺生产的材料。     

炭黑化学镀铜及性能研究

以甲醛为还原剂,硫酸铜为主盐,采用还原法,在不同种炭黑表面化学镀铜。检测不同种镀铜炭黑的物理性能,包括电阻率、摩擦系数等;利用金相显微镜对各种镀铜炭黑进行金相分析,利用晶粒度评级软件分析镀铜炭黑的平均粒径。结果表明：控制合适的工艺条件,镀铜层能够比较完整地包覆在炭黑粒子及炭黑聚集体的表面,炭黑镀铜率可以高达70％;炭黑粒径越小,单位质量炭黑的比表面积越大,表面活化中心也越多,铜在炭黑表面的包覆效果越好;石墨化后炭黑的镀铜效果较石墨化前有所提高。     

石墨粉末化学镀镍工艺研究

导电填料是构成高性能电磁波屏蔽材料和吸收材料的主要原材料。对石墨粉末化学镀镍提出采用含有浓硫酸和K2Cr2O7的溶液进行氧化、含有SnCl2的溶液进行敏化以及含有PdCl2的溶液进行活化的前处理工艺，在粒径为5～20μm的石墨粉末表面得到了均匀的高镍（wNi〉90％）低磷合金镀层，解决了石墨粉末化学镀镍难的问题。讨论了镀液中各组分含量、温度及搅拌速度对化学镀镍的影响。石墨粉末经该化学镀镍工艺处理后导电性及电磁屏蔽性能良好，是较好的电磁屏蔽用导电填料。     

聚四氟乙烯基减摩复合材料配方优化

以聚四氟乙烯为主体材料，加入石墨、铜粉、碳纤维等粉末作为填充剂，进行减摩复合材料配方优化设计。采用均匀设计法确定了聚四氟乙烯基减摩复合材料各配料实验点的分布，用样条函数对均匀设计法所设计配方得出的摩擦因数进行拟合，找出配料与摩擦因数的关系，建立配方优化拟合曲线，最后在拟合曲线上选取具有代表性的试验点进行验证试验，达到优化的目的。试验结果表明：配方中单独添加铜粉或石墨时，减摩复合材料的摩擦因数均较高，说明石墨和铜粉必须配合使用；当铜粉和石墨各为30份时，及铜粉为60份，石墨为15、25、30份时，材料的摩擦因数在整个配方体系中均较低；得到的配方优化拟合曲线趋势符合实际，可以用于指导生产。     

镀铜石墨复合材料的制备及其性能研究

采用了置换法制取镀铜石墨粉,讨论了铁粉粒度、温度、pH值等对镀铜石墨粉的影响。将镀铜石墨粉制成试样,比较在碳含量相同的条件下镀铜石墨复合材料与普通铜石墨复合材料微观结构、电阻率、抗折强度、肖氏硬度,分析了试样外加石墨粉和添加剂对试样体积收缩率、肖氏硬度、电阻率的影响。     

双层卷焊管钢带镀铜工艺分析及生产线设计

镀铜钢带是制造双层卷焊管的原料。为提高镀铜生产线效率，本文在对传统钢带镀铜生产线上料和电解除油等方法及装置进行改进的基础上设计了双层卷焊管钢带镀铜生产线，重点研究了双层卷焊管钢带镀铜工艺流程，分析了生产线设各组成及其特点；基于环境保护需求，提出了双层卷焊管镀铜生产线清洁化生产方式。     

水热加压氢还原制取镍包石墨

本文叙述加压氢还原制备镍包石墨粉末的原理及过程，讨论了影响得到包覆完整均匀的镍包石墨的主要因素（如活化剂、搅拌强度等），并就实际应用的结果，提出热喷涂用的镍包石墨的技术性能指标。     

聚氯乙烯/炭黑/镀铜纳米石墨微片导电复合材料的研究

利用超声作用制备粒径为10μm,平均厚度约为100nm的纳米石墨微片（nano-Gs）,然后采用无钯无SnCl2化学镀铜新工艺对nano-Gs表面进行化学镀铜。通过熔融共混法制备聚氯乙烯（PVC）/镀铜nano-Gs和PVC/导电炭黑（CB）/镀铜nano-Gs复合材料。结果表明,当镀铜nano-Gs含量达到逾渗阈值12%（质量分数,下同）时,PVC/镀铜nano-Gs复合材料的体积电阻率达到了最低值104Ω·cm,但其拉伸强度及缺口冲击强度较纯PVC均有所下降;当镀铜nano-Gs含量达到10%,CB含量达到2%时,PVC/CB/镀铜nano-Gs的体积电阻率达到了最低值103Ω·cm,比PVC/镀铜nano-Gs降低了一个数量级,且其拉伸强度及缺口冲击强度较纯PVC均有所提高。     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.