硫酸烧渣中铁浸取条件的研究及应用

以硫酸烧渣、废酸为原料制取铁系化工产品。通过硫酸烧渣的活化焙烧及硫酸浓度、固液比、浸取时间等关键工艺条件的研究，得到最佳浸取条件：即烧渣与活化剂质量配比4：1，固液比0．25～0．30g／mL，反应时间40～50min，酸度50％～60％。渣中铁浸取率达到95％以上，浸取液可以直接用于制备铁系产品。     

锌灰制备活性氧化锌新工艺

以炼锌厂废锌灰为原料，经硫酸浸取制备活性氧化锌，考察了工艺条件对锌浸出率的影响。实验结果表明：锌灰在50℃浸取，酸用量40g／L，可使锌的溶出率达92．8％。碱式碳酸锌最佳水解温度为40℃，水解时间为2h，pH为7．5时，溶液中锌质量浓度为10g／L，得到96％以上的水解率。采用该工艺制得的氧化锌符合HG／T2572-1994。     

石煤中钒的超声浸取研究

以石煤为原料，添加浸取助剂，用超声浸取法提取石煤中的钒。考察了浸取介质、浸取时问、液固比、浸取温度和浸取助剂种类等因素对钒浸取率的影响。最佳浸取条件：磷酸水溶液作浸取介质，pH=2．0，液固体积质量比2mL／g，磺原酸钾作浸取助剂，浸取温度50℃，浸取时问30min。最佳浸取条件下钒浸取率达68-3％，比无助剂超声浸取的钒浸取率提高54．6％，比无助剂非超声浸取的钒浸取率提高67．7％。     

液相转化法从氯氧化铋制备纳米氧化铋及其前驱体的热解行为

氯氧化铋经碳酸钠溶液二次脱氯转型后得到氧化铋前驱体碳酸氧铋,将其烘干,进行热解,即得氧化铋产品。考察了Na2CO3用量、搅拌时间、转化温度、固液比、pH值等对脱氯的影响。采用TG/DSC、XRD和红外光谱对前驱体及其热解产品进行表征,确定最佳的热解温度。结果表明,最佳的脱氯工艺条件为:氯氧化铋3.0 g,NaCO33.0 g,加水25 mL,转化温度45℃,搅拌时间25 m in;最佳热解条件580℃热解2 h。在最佳工艺条件下得到的氧化铋产品平均一次粒径约为67 nm,含氯量为0.43%。     

富氧催化酸浸低品位锌灰制取氯化锌工艺研究

利用盐酸浸取工业锌灰,所含硫以硫磺形式产出,同时可得高纯氯化锌产品.富氧催化浸取工艺对环境友好,可高效回收有限资源.酸浸锌灰最佳工艺条件:表面活性剂十二烷基苯磺酸钠质量浓度为0.2 g/L;盐酸浓度为8.00 mol/L;液固质量比为10∶1;硝酸(催化剂)加入体积为浸取液体积的0.1%;浸取温度为363 K;浸取时间为3 h.在此条件下,锌浸出率达98%以上.如采用工业废酸浸取,并有效回收重金属及副产品硫磺,工业生产成本将会降低,可达到绿色生产之环保目标.     

炼铜烟灰批式滴加酸浸锌与两步氧化除铁工艺

采用炼铜烟灰制取硫酸锌,研究了批式滴加酸浸取锌和两段除铁工艺．实验结果表明：用批式滴加法浸取,锌浸取率≥98％、铜浸出率≥96％,铁浸取率可控制在0．02％以下．其工艺条件为：液固质量比3∶1,温度80～90℃,酸浸液中硫酸加入量39g／L,滴酸时间1．5h,浸取时间2h．采用先通氧（或鼓空气）氧化,再加过氧化氢深度氧化除铁工艺,溶液最终铁含量≤0．01g／L．制得的硫酸锌可用于电解．     

喷雾分解法制备高活性氧化锌

研究了用喷雾分解、干燥法由低品位氧化锌制备活性氧化锌的工艺。实验结果表明，低品位氧化锌矿经碳酸氢铵、氨水与水的质量比5：8：14的浸取液浸取，浸取率为94．67％。浸取液中的氧化锌含量可达23．3％（质量分数），用锌粉除杂净化，过滤除去杂质。滤液在喷雾干燥塔430oC的入口温度下喷雾热分解，再经过400℃下的流化床处理9min，可得到含量为99．5％z（质量分数）高活性的氧化锌。其吸碘值为87．96mg／g，活性显著高于蒸氨煅烧法所得的氧化锌，是一种新的高活性氧化锌的制备方法。     

含锗烟尘的硫酸浸出工艺研究

为简化含锗烟尘浸出过程,提出一段硫酸浸出工艺。浸出工艺条件为：浸出温度90℃,初始硫酸质量浓度120g／L,液固比8mL／g,浸出时间2．5h,搅拌转速120r／min。在该条件下,锌、锗浸出率分别为99．1％和87．61％左右,最终硫酸质量浓度约34．80g／L。去除不溶性锗后,锗浸出率可达到97．21％。     

铅渣中提取硫工艺条件的研究

研究硫化钠浸取单质硫,探求铅渣中提取硫最佳工艺条件。结果表明：硫化钠浸取单质硫最佳工艺条件是液固比为3：1,Na2S溶液浓度140g／1,硫化钠用量为理论量120％,浸出时间20分钟。     

氨配合法制备活性氧化锌的实验研究

以含氧化锌烟道灰为原料，氨水和碳酸氢铵为浸取剂，对氨配合法制备活性氧化锌浸取工艺条件进行研究。最佳工艺条件为：反应温度25℃，搅拌时间1.5h，pH值为10，氨水135mL，碳酸氢铵35g，双氧水6mL，所得氧化锌浸取率94.8％。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。