茅莓根和叶挥发油抑菌活性的研究

通过最小抑菌浓度试验，研究茅莓根和叶挥发油的抑菌活性。结果表明，茅莓叶对对大肠杆菌、巴氏杆菌有明显的抑菌活性，最小抑菌浓度（MIC）分别为10^-7g/mL、10^-6g/mL，优于链霉素（10^-3g/mL、10^-5g/mL）和黄胺类（10^-4g/mL、10^-6g/mL）。     

季节对大叶桉和柠檬桉叶挥发油化学成分的影响及抑菌性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取桉叶挥发油,用GC-MS法分析挥发油的主要成分,考察了季节对大叶桉和柠檬桉两种桉叶挥发油化学成分的影响及抑菌活性。结果表明,两种桉叶挥发油含量在春季(1~3月)和冬季(10~12月)较高,其中冬季挥发油含量最高。大叶桉叶挥发油主要成分为3-蒈烯、α-松油醇、(-)-蓝桉醇、D-萜二烯、1-松香芹醇;柠檬桉叶挥发油主要成分为香茅醛、异胡薄荷醇、β-香茅醇。大叶桉挥发油中的代表成分3-蒈烯和柠檬桉挥发油中的代表成分香茅醛在春季(1~3月)含量为最高。两种挥发油对常见致病菌有良好的抑制作用。     

季节对大叶桉和柠檬桉叶挥发油化学成分的影响及抑菌性研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取桉叶挥发油,用GC-MS法分析挥发油的主要成分,考察了季节对大叶桉和柠檬桉两种桉叶挥发油化学成分的影响及抑菌活性。结果表明,两种桉叶挥发油含量在春季(1³月)和冬季(103月)和冬季(10¹2月)较高,其中冬季挥发油含量最高。大叶桉叶挥发油主要成分为3-蒈烯、α-松油醇、(-)-蓝桉醇、D-萜二烯、1-松香芹醇;柠檬桉叶挥发油主要成分为香茅醛、异胡薄荷醇、β-香茅醇。大叶桉挥发油中的代表成分3-蒈烯和柠檬桉挥发油中的代表成分香茅醛在春季(112月)较高,其中冬季挥发油含量最高。大叶桉叶挥发油主要成分为3-蒈烯、α-松油醇、(-)-蓝桉醇、D-萜二烯、1-松香芹醇;柠檬桉叶挥发油主要成分为香茅醛、异胡薄荷醇、β-香茅醇。大叶桉挥发油中的代表成分3-蒈烯和柠檬桉挥发油中的代表成分香茅醛在春季(1³月)含量为最高。两种挥发油对常见致病菌有良好的抑制作用。     

GC-MS联用技术分析厚朴挥发油化学成分

采用GC-MS联用技术,结合程序升温保留指数,对湖南和四川两个产地的厚朴(分别简称湘朴和川朴)挥发油成分进行分析。共定性出111种挥发油化学成分,湘朴为89种,川朴为88种,分别占二者挥发油总含量的87.74%和92.72%,共有组分66种。厚朴的挥发油主要成分为桉叶醇及其同分异构体。湘朴与川朴挥发油中,α-桉叶醇的含量分别为7.91%和13.34%,β-桉叶醇的含量分别为23.88%和15.75%,γ-桉叶醇的含量分别为10.60%和9.68%。湘朴和川朴挥发油成分中含各自的特有组分,分别为23种和22种。二者挥发油成分在化合物含量和种类上存在较大差别。     

两种桉叶挥发油含量和化学成分周年变化

为了探索窿缘桉和尾叶桉叶挥发油含量和化学成分的周年变化规律,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取其挥发油,采用GC-MS法分析挥发油化学成分,并以挥发油提取率为指标,确定桉叶的最佳采收期。结果表明,窿缘桉叶挥发油含量周年变化显著,5、9、10月份含量最高,为最佳采收期;尾叶桉叶挥发油含量周年变化较小,4、5、7月份含量相对较高,适宜采收。窿缘桉叶挥发油主要成分为α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、桉树脑,含量变化显著。尾叶桉叶挥发油主要成分为α-蒎烯、桉树脑、冰片和α-松油醇,含量变化显著。不同时期桉叶挥发油化学成分含量有很大的差异。     

鲜、干品红丝线叶挥发油化学成分的GC - MS分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法分别得到新鲜和干燥红丝线叶挥发油,并结合GC-MS对所得样品的化学成分进行了分析和鉴定,用气相色谱峰面积归一化法测定各组分的相对质量分数。结果显示,从鲜叶挥发油中鉴定出32种成分,占挥发油总峰面积的98.81%,主要成分是反式植醇(43.29%)、橙花叔醇(7.07%)、石竹烯(4.91%)、亚麻酸甲酯(3.81%)和植酮(3.74%)等;从干叶挥发油中鉴定出42种成分,占挥发油总峰面积的96.23%,反式植醇(33.50%)、橙花叔醇(7.75%)、石竹烯(5.14%)、1-辛烯-3-醇(7.20%)、植酮(4.45%)和樟脑(4.07%)等为主要成分。两者的共有成分有23种,其他化学成分及其相对质量分数存在一定差异。     

海通叶挥发油不同季节动态变化研究

目的:通过对海通叶挥发油得油率及不同季节化学成分动态变化研究,为该药材的资源开发提供参考。方法:采用水蒸气蒸馏法对比得油率,利用气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析海通叶挥发油的成分,通过峰面积归一化法测定各成分相对质量分数。结果:从海通生长的不同季节叶的挥发油得率分别为:春季0.287%±0.043%、夏季0.332%±0.031%、秋季0.406%±0.037%、冬季0.313%±0.022%,化学成分种类分别为:春季53个、夏季65个、秋季75个、冬季62个,其中相同化合物中相对含量均较高的有1-辛烯-3-醇、芳樟醇、己烯醛、α-蒎烯、植醇、(-)-α-松油醇、(E)-β-金合欢烯、a-雪松烯、苯甲酸丁酯。结论:季节差异性对海通叶挥发油成分及含量的影响较大,海通叶挥发油化学成分主要为脂肪烃类和萜类及其衍生物。     

4种非洲桉树叶挥发油的化学成分研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取了4种非洲桉树叶挥发油,通过气相色谱-质谱联用法分析鉴定了4种挥发油的化学成分及其含量。1^#和2^#挥发油中的主要化学成分是1,8-桉叶素、乙酸松油酯、α-古芸烯、香木兰烯、别香橙烯、喇叭烯、蓝桉醇和喇叭茶醇等。3^#和4^#桉树叶精油的主要成分是对伞花烃、1,8-桉叶素、异丙基环己烯酮、枯茗醛、水芹醛、匙叶桉油烯醇、桉叶醇和亚油酸等。     

不同方法提取胡椒叶挥发油GC-MS分析

分别采用水蒸气蒸馏、石油醚提取法提取胡椒叶挥发油,气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对2种挥发油中化学成分及其相对含量进行对比分析。结果发现,两种提取方法所得挥发油经GC-MS分析共鉴定出28种化学成分,共有成分14种,含量最高的均为环己烷。结论:该研究为胡椒叶挥发油的提取及其进一步开发利用提供依据。     

贵州湄潭苦丁茶挥发性成分的GC/MS分析

研究了贵州湄潭产苦丁茶挥发油的化学成分。用水蒸气蒸馏提取贵州苦丁茶挥发油,用GC-MS分析和鉴定出化学成分,使用峰面积归一法确定其百分含量。结果表明:挥发性成分的得率分别为0.17%。从苦丁茶挥发油中鉴定出13种(占挥发油总量的81.64%)化合物,苦丁茶挥发油的主要成分是β-芳樟醇、β-月桂烯、α-松油醇、(Z)-柠檬醛、(E)橙花醇。不同地区的苦丁茶挥发油的主要成分和含量差异差较大,在其饮品开发利用中都应区别对待。     

超声辅助提取丹参地上部分挥发油成分GC-MS分析

GC-MS技术分析丹参地上部分挥发油成分组成。采用超声辅助石油醚提取法提取丹参地上部分挥发油,运用气质联用技术对丹参挥发油进行分析,以面积归一化法计算各化学成分的百分含量。从丹参地上部分挥发油中共检出104种成分,鉴定出59种,其中三萜类化合物4,4,6a,6b,8a,11,12,14b-八甲基-十八氢-2H-亚环庚-3-烯-3-酮(8.950%)、4,4,6a,6b,8a,12,12,14b-八甲基-十八氢-2H-亚环庚-3-烯-3-酮(3.847%)、齐墩果酸(1.909%)、鲨烯(1.695%)和Ursa-9(11),12-dien-3-one(1.622%)为首次从丹参挥发性成分中检出。超声辅助石油醚提取丹参地上部分挥发油组成与已有文献报道差异较大,为丹参挥发油的药理活性探究提供参考依据。     

GC-MS分析樟叶和枝中挥发油的化学成分

本文用水蒸气蒸馏法收集樟叶和枝中的挥发油成分,测得樟叶和枝的挥发油含量分别为1.55%和0.336%。并应用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对各挥发油中的30种成分的结构和含量进行了比较,得知香樟叶和枝的挥发油含有相同的主要组分,但含量上有较大的差别。鉴定的30种组分的含量各占其总峰面积的94.45%和89.73%,主要以萜烯类为主。     

果蔬抗氧化活性与总酚含量相关性研究

利用β-胡萝卜素-亚油酸乳化液氧化法对杭州市场上常见的41种果蔬进行了抗氧化活性的研究,并测定其总酚的含量。结果表明:大多数果蔬都具有一定的抗氧化活性,其中香椿、芦蒿、莴笋叶、水芹、茼蒿菜、马齿苋、藕的抗氧化活性较强,其总酚含量也较高,说明果蔬抗氧化活性的强弱与果蔬所含的酚类物质有一定的关联性。     

Assessing the kinetic model of hydro-distillation and chemical composition of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves essential oil

This study aimed to model the kinetic of hydro-distillation of Aquilaria malaccensis leaves oil in order to understand and optimize the extraction process. In addition, this study, for the first time, aimed to identify the chemical compositions of the A. malaccensis leave-oil. By assessing both first-order kinetic model and the model of simultaneous washing and diffusion, the result indicated that the model of simultaneous washing and diffusion better describes the hydro-distillation mechanism of the essential oil from A. malaccensis leaves.The optimum time, solid to liquid ratio, and the heating power for extracting the highest amount of essential oil were found to be around 3 h, 1:10(g·ml-1), and 300 W respectively. Yellow essential oil with a strong smell and a yield of 0.05 v/w was extracted by hydro-distillation Clevenger apparatus. Chemical compounds of the essential oil were analyzed using gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy(GC/MS), which resulted in identification of 42 compounds that constitute 93% of essential oil. Among the identified components,Pentadecanal(32.082%), 9-Octadecenal,(Z)(15.894%), and Tetradecanal(6.927%) were the major compounds.Considering the fact that all the identified major components possess pesticidal properties, A. malaccensis leaves can be regarded as a promising natural source for producing pesticides.     

Essential oils extracted from Phoebe hui Cheng ex Yang: Chemical constituents,antitumor and antibacterial activities,and potential use as a species identifier

The essential oils in Phoebe hui Cheng ex Yang were extracted from its roots, trunk, bark, branches, and leaves by a hydrothermal method and then analyzed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The essential oils extracted from the xylem of the roots and trunks of this species had similar chemical constituents (primarily α-bergamotene, calarene, 3,7-guaiadiene, β-sesquiphellandrene, β-farnesene, β-bisabolene, torreyol, and τ-muurolol) in similar quantities. Meanwhile, the main chemical constituents of the essential oil extracted from the xylem of this species were considerably different from those extracted from Phoebe zhennan. Hence, analysis of the oils extracted from the xylem can be used to distinguish between these species. The essential oils extracted from the bark, branches, and leaves of P. hui Cheng ex Yang had identical chemical constituents. The bark oil comprised mainly cubebene, α-muurolene, δ-cadinene, cadina-1,4-diene, guaiol, δ-cadinol, and α-cadinol, whereas the branch oil mainly included cubebene, α-selinene, δ-cadinene, cadina-1,4-diene, guaiol, δ-cadinol, and α-cadinol. The leaf oil extract consisted of cyclosativene, γ-muurolene, β-selinene, α-selinene, γ-cadinene, δ-cadinene, δ-cadinol, γ-eudesmol, α-cadinol, β-eudesmol, and α-eudesmol. Although the antimicrobial effects of the essential oils extracted from the individual tree parts were unclear, a mixture of these oils exhibited significant antitumor properties.     

肖梵天花挥发油的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取肖梵天花叶中的挥发油,用GC—MS法进行分析鉴定。该挥发油用气相色谱法分离得到37个色谱峰,并且鉴定出其中24种化学成分。肖梵天花挥发油中主要成分为二环[3．2．2]壬-6-烯-3-酮（10．554％）,戊酸癸酯（9．511％）,3,5,5-三甲基2-环己烯酮（8．772％）,3,4,5-三甲基己烯（5743％）等。     

下垂白千层枝叶挥发油化学组成的研究

用挥发油提取器提取下垂白千层枝叶中挥发油,利用气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）分析其中的化学成分,采用GC峰面积归一化法定量,鉴定出18种化合物,占挥发油总量的97.46%以上,主要成分为丁香酚甲醚（89.54%）,肉桂酸甲酯（4.57%）等。     

从松树叶中提取精油的研究

本文用不同的溶剂从若干松树叶样品中提取了精油，采用GC—MS技术分析了所得精油的化学组成。结果表明，不同产地、不同树龄的松树叶中都含有相同组分：α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、α-异松油烯、醋酸冰片酯、反式-丁子香烯、二环大根香叶烯、α-紫穗槐烯、δ-杜松烯、α-杜松烯。其精油分为3种萜烯类：单萜烯、倍半萜烯、含氧萜烯。当水蒸汽蒸留时，所得精油中3种萜烯的含量达到92（wt）％以上。但提取法不同所得精油的主要组成发生变化：水蒸汽蒸馏法所得精油中单萜烯含量为57．7（wt）％；乙醇溶剂提取法所得精油中含氧萜烯含量为75．47（wt）％；丙酮与水混合溶剂提取法所得精油中总萜烯含量为55．4（wt）％。     

Dual Bioactivities of Essential Oil Extracted from the Leaves of Artemisia argyi as an Antimelanogenic versus Antioxidant Agent and Chemical Composition Analysis by GC/MS

The study was aimed at investigating the antimelanogenic and antioxidant properties of essential oil when extracted from the leaves of Artemisia argyi, then analyzing the chemical composition of the essential oil. The inhibitory effect of the essential oil on melanogenesis was evaluated by a mushroom tyrosinase activity assay and B16F10 melanoma cell model. The antioxidant capacity of the essential oil was assayed by spectrophotometric analysis, and the volatile chemical composition of the essential oil was analyzed with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The results revealed that the essential oil significantly inhibits mushroom tyrosinase activity (IC₅₀ = 19.16 mg/mL), down-regulates B16F10 intracellular tyrosinase activity and decreases the amount of melanin content in a dose-dependent pattern. Furthermore, the essential oil significantly scavenged 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline- 6-sulphonic acid) ABTS radicals, showed an apparent reduction power as compared with metal-ion chelating activities. The chemicals constituents in the essential oil are ether (23.66%), alcohols (16.72%), sesquiterpenes (15.21%), esters (11.78%), monoterpenes (11.63%), ketones (6.09%), aromatic compounds (5.01%), and account for a 90.10% analysis of its chemical composition. It is predicted that eucalyptol and the other constituents, except for alcohols, in the essential oil may contribute to its antioxidant activities. The results indicated that essential oil extracted from A. argyi leaves decreased melanin production in B16F10 cells and showed potent antioxidant activity. The essential oil can thereby be applied as an inhibitor of melanogenesis and could also act as a natural antioxidant in skin care products.     

稻壳热解油的特性

利用自行搭建的固定床热反应器对稻壳进行热解实验制备热解油, 采用两种不同极性的石英毛细柱对收油后的二氯甲烷溶液进行GC-MS检测。实验结果表明:热解终温对热解油品的组分种类几乎无影响, 但热解油产率随热解终温增大呈先升高后降低趋势;热解油二氯甲烷溶液的水相部分化合物种类相对较少, 主要物质为甲酸、乙酸和1-羟基-2-丙酮, 油相部分有机物种类极为复杂, 主要物质为糠醛、糠醇以及酚类和酮类物质;可凝结的热解有机气体主要在500～600℃发生二次裂解;对稻壳600℃热解油油相检测时发现:在RTX-5MS柱检测条件下, 组分中前5种化合物是糠醛、2-丁酮、乙酸、苯酚和2-甲氧基苯酚, 而在RTX-WAX 柱检测条件下, 前5种化合物是苯酚、2-甲氧基苯酚、4-乙基苯酚、乙酸和3-甲基苯酚。