Estimation of interfacial damage in composites with reinforced particles based on ultrasonic data

The scattering of elastic waves by a spherical particle with imperfect interface and the nondestructive detection of interfacial damage were studied. First, the scattering of elastic waves by a spherical particle with imperfect interface, i.e. spring interface model, was studied. Then, multiple scattering by random distributed particles was investigated and the equations to evaluate the velocity and attenuation of effective waves defined by statistic averaging were given. Furthermore, on the basis of the established relation between the velocity and interfacial constants, a method to evaluate the interfacial damage nondestructively from the ultrasonic data was pro- posed. Numerical simulation was performed for the SiC-Al composites. The velocities of the effective waves were computed to show the influence of the interface constants. Using the genetic algorithm, the interfacial damage was evaluated from the synthetic experi- mental data with various noise levels. The numerical results showed the feasibility of the method proposed.     

Isogeometric analysis for elliptical waveguide eigenvalue problems

The cutoff wavenumbers of elliptical waveguides were calculated by using isogeomtric analysis method (IGA). With NURBS basis functions in IGA, the computational model was consistent with geometric model imported from CAD system. The field variable (longitudinal electric/magnetic field) was constructed by the same NURBS basis functions as the representation of geometric model. In the refinement procedure used to get a more accurate solution, communication with original CAD system is unnecessary and the geometric shape is kept unchanged. The Helmholtz equation is weakened to a set of general eigenvalue equation by virtual work principal with discretized degree-of-freedom on control points. Elliptical waveguides with three typical eccentricities, 0.1, 0.5 and 0.9, are calculated by IGA with different size mesh. The first four cutoff wavenumbers are obtained even in coarse mesh and the RMS of first 25 cutoff wavenumbers has much more swift convergence rate with decreasing the mesh size than traditional FEM. The accuracy and robustness of the proposed method are validated by elliptical waveguides, and also the method can be applied to waveguides with arbitrary cross sections.     

Natural frequencies and damping estimation based on continuous wavelet transform

The continuous wavelet transform （CWT） based method was improved for estimating the natural frequencies and damping ratios of a structural system in this paper. The appropriate scale of CWT was selected by means of the least squares method to identify the systems with closely spaced modes. The important issues related to estimation accuracy such as mode separation and end effect, were also investigated. These issues were associated with the parameter selection of wavelet function based on the fitting error of least squares. The efficiency of the method was confirmed by applying it to a simulated 3dof damped system with two close modes.     

Numerical Simulation for the External Combustion of Base-Bleed Projectile Using Gridless Method

The gridless method coupled with finite rate chemistry model is employed to simulate the external combustion flow fields of M864 base bleed projectile. The fluid dynamics process is described by Euler Equation in 2-D axisymmetric coordinate. The numerical method is based on least-square gridless method,and the inviscid flux is calculated by multi-component HLLC（ Harten-Lax-van Leer-Contact） scheme,and a H2-CO reaction mechanism involving 9 species and 11 reactions is used. The computations are performed for the full projectile configuration of Ma = 1. 5,2,and 3. The hot air injection cases and inert cases are simulated for comparison. The numerical results show that due to the combustion in the weak region,the recirculation zone enlarges and moves downstream,the base pressure increases and the total drag force coefficient decreases. At Ma = 3. 0,the rear stagnation point shifts downstream approximate 0. 26 caliber,and the base pressure increases about 53. 4%,and the total drag force coefficient decreases to 0. 182 which agrees well with the trajectory model prediction. Due to neglecting the effects of viscosity and turbulence,there exists a certain difference at Ma = 1. 5,2. 0.     

Preparation of fine copper powders and their application in BME-MLCC

The preparation of fine copper powders by chemical reduction method was investigated. The reaction of [Cu(NH3)4] 2 complex with hydrazine hydrate gives spherical monodispersed fine copper powders. The spherical copper powder with a uniform size of 3.5 ± 0.5 μm was processed to obtain flake copper powder having a uniform size of 8-10 μm, excellent dispersibility and uniform shape. The spherical copper powder of 2.5 ± 0.3 μm in size, flake copper, glass frit and vehicle were mixed to prepare copper paste,which was fired in 910-920℃ to obtain BME-MLCC (base metal multilayer ceramic capacitor) with a dense surface of end termination,high adhesion and qualified electrical behavior. Polarized light photo and SEM were employed to observe the copper end termination of BME-MLCC. The rough interface from the interfacial reaction between glass and chip gives high adhesion.     

Fault diagnosis of power-shift steering transmission based on multiple outputs least squares support vector regression

A method of multiple outputs least squares support vector regression (LS-SVR) was developed and described in detail, with the radial basis function (RBF) as the kernel function. The method was applied to predict the future state of the power-shift steering transmission (PSST). A prediction model of PSST was gotten with multiple outputs LS-SVR. The model performance was greatly influenced by the penalty parameter γ and kernel parameterσ2 which were optimized using cross validation method. The training and prediction of the model were done with spectrometric oil analysis data. The predictive and actual values were compared and a fault in the second PSST was found. The research proved that this method had good accuracy in PSST fault prediction, and any possible problem in PSST could be found through a comparative analysis.     

DFT studies on the SCR reaction mechanism of nitrogen monoxide with propylene catalyzed by copper oxide

The SCR reaction mechanism of NO with C3H6catalyzed by CuO was studied by the method of Density Functional Theory(DFT)at the B3LYP/LanL2DZ levels.The optimized geometries of the stationary points on the potential surface were obtained and the transition state was confirmed by IRC and vibration analysis.The activation energy was calculated being 34.26 kJ/mol.It was shown that propylene reacted firstly with Cu forming intermediate,and then nitrogen monoxide immediately reacted with the intermediate to be reduced.It was proved to be a direct interaction mechanism.     

Transmission ratio （Tn） in the radian direction normal to joints in 2-D compressional wave propagation in rock masses

The transmission ratio along the radian direction normal to the joints was studied in the Universal Distinct Element Code （UDEC）. The variation of the transmission ratio with the ratio of joint spacing to wavelength was generalized into a general curve, which was determined by two critical points. The relationship between the two critical points and the affecting factors, quantity of joints and the normalized normal stiffness of joints, were obtained. A prediction model of the transmission ratio in the radian direction normal to the joints was proposed. The proposed model was applied to a field explosion test. The estimated values of the peak particle velocity from the prediction model were compared with the field records. The comparisons showed that the prediction model of the transmission ratio in the direction normal to the joints in the process of 2-D compressional wave propagation through multiple parallel joints is reliable.     

Influence of Si buffer layer on the giant magnetoresistance effect in Co/Cu/Co sandwiches

The Co/Cu/Co sandwiches with a semiconductor Si buffer layer were prepared by high vacuum electron-beam evaporation. The influence of the Si buffer layer with different thickness on the giant magnetoresistance (GMR) effect in the Co/Cu/Co sandwiches was investigated. It was found that the GMR showed an obvious anisotropy when the thickness of Si buffer layer was larger than or equal to 0.9 nm, and that the GMR was basically isotropic with an Si buffer layer thinner than 0.9 nm. The anisotropic behavior of GMR can be ascribed to the in-plane magnetic anisotropy in the sandwiches. Due to the interdiffusion at the Si buffer/Co interface, a Co2Si interface layer with a good (301) texture formed and induced the in-plane magnetic anisotropy in the sandwiches. The dependence of the crystalline texture of the sandwiches on the thickness of Si buffer layer was also studied.     

An HHT-based method to eliminate short-time strong disturbance from measured signals of bridge

According to the characteristic that Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) can detect abnormity in signals, an HHT-based method to eliminate short-time strong disturbance was proposed. The signal with short-time strong disturbance was decomposed into a series of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a residue by the empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The instantaneous amplitudes and frequencies of each IMF were calculated. And at abnormal section, instantaneous amplitudes and frequencies were fitted according to the data at normal section, replacing the fitted data for the original ones. A new set of IMFs was reconstructed by using the processed instantaneous amplitudes and frequencies. For the residue, abnormal fluctuations could be directly eliminated. And a new signal with the short-time strong disturbance eliminated was reconstructed by superposing all the new IMFs and the residue. The numerical simulation shows that there is a good correlation between the reconstructed signal and the undisturbed signal. The correlation coefficient is equal to 0.999 1. The processing results of the measured strain signal of a bridge with short-time strong disturbance verify the practicability of the method.     

求解欧拉方程的预处理隐式无网格算法

发展出一种用于求解欧拉方程的预处理隐式无网格算法. 该算法对守恒型欧拉方程进行Weiss-Smith型矩阵预处理,并在无网格点云上离散求解. 求解大体是基于传统无网格算法展开的,为此,先对矩阵谱半径、人工耗散项、远场边界条件等受预处理影响的部分进行了具体的讨论. 接着,结合LU-SGS算法,通过点云重排与分割,给出了预处理隐式无网格算法的具体实施过程. 典型翼型和机翼算例与文献或实验结果进行了验证比较,表明所发展的隐式算法比相应显式算法收敛更快,已从单纯模拟可压缩流动拓展到模拟几乎不可压的低马赫数流. 最后,给出了翼身组合体的低马赫数绕流算例,进一步展示出算法处理实用三维气动外形的潜力. Symbol`@@     

Fuzzy interface treatment in Eulerian method

According to the selection of coordinates, finite difference methods may be classi-fied into two categories, namely Lagrangian methods and Eulerian methods. In a La-grangian method, the coordinate moves along with particles, so mass conservation is satisfied automatically. Multi-material interfaces and free interfaces are clearly depicted. In 1995, Kolsky developed the first two dimensional Lagrangian aigorithm. How-ever, it turns out that this algorithm fails when large deformations occur. …     

Numerical simulation for explosion wave propagation of combustible mixture gas

A two-dimensional multi-material code was indigenously developed to investigate the effects of duct boundary conditions and ignition positions on the propagation law of explosion wave for hydrogen and methane-based combustible mixture gas. In the code,Young’s technique was employed to track the interface between the explosion products and air,and combustible function model was adopted to simulate ignition process. The code was employed to study explosion flow field inside and outside the duct and to obtain peak pressures in different boundary conditions and ignition positions. Numerical results suggest that during the propagation in a duct,for point initiation,the curvature of spherical wave front gradually decreases and evolves into plane wave. Due to the multiple reflections on the duct wall,multi-peak values appear on pressure—time curve,and peak pressure strongly relies on the duct boundary conditions and ignition position. When explosive wave reaches the exit of the duct,explosion products expand outward and forms shock wave in air. Multiple rarefaction waves also occur and propagate upstream along the duct to decrease the pressure in the duct. The results are in agreement with one-dimensional isentropic gas flow theory of the explosion products,and indicate that the ignition model and multi-material interface treatment method are feasible.     

基于V型框架的多层无网格布线算法

为了提高大规模布线的布通率，加快布线速度，提出了一个基于“V”字型框架的总体布线与详细
布线交替进行的多层无网格布线算法.算法分粗化和细化两个阶段：粗化阶段，在每一层次对局部线网进
行总体和详细布线，先期得到布线结果，从而逐层次降低布线规模，同时也增加了总体和详细布线间的
交互性和布线资源估计的准确性；细化阶段,对布线解进行优化，并对粗化阶段布线失败的线网进行重布
线.总体布线采用速度很快的模式布线方法，并针对无网格布线的特点，引入了一种扫描布线障碍的布线
资源估计方法，无网格详细布线中则引入了通孔优化策略.实验证明，该算法在布通率、运行时间等方面
都得到了提高.     

圆度误差测量在羽毛球外观检测中的应用

提出一种针对羽毛球外观的自动检测方法.采集羽毛球图像并进行图像预处理;利用基于极坐标的区域分割法对二值图像的特征点进行定位,运用最小二乘法进行拟合;提出相关指标来评价圆度误差实验证明,用该方法区分C、D级别羽毛球是可行的,实现了羽毛球的非接触性在线测量.     

焦散法求解应力强度因子的非线性最小二乘法

提出了用非线性最小二乘法提高焦散线法求解混合型裂纹应力强度因子的精度．推导了有关方程，编制了有关程序，阐述了实验技术．用三类典型裂纹试件作为应用实例进行了实验与计算．结果表明，用此法可比Ｐ．Ｓ．Ｔｈｅｏｃａｒｉｓ法求得更准确的结果．     

一种残差点退化的四向最小二乘InSAR相位解缠算法

相位解缠是InSAR(干涉合成孔径雷达)成像的关键步骤之一.然而如何有效地处理相位残差点是相位解缠的难点.为有效去除或抑制残差点,提出了一种残差点退化的四向最小二乘解缠算法,该算法首先检测干涉图中的残差点,然后利用残差点的邻域像素对其进行补偿,最后使用四向最小二乘法进行相位解缠,取得全局最优解.实验结果表明,该算法在处理残差点密度较大的干涉图具有较好的解缠效果.     

反求参数与曲线拟合

将点列（ｒ０，ｙ０），（ｘ１，ｙ１），…，（ｘｎ，ｙｎ）作为未知参数的二阶线性微分方程Ｃａｕｃｈｙ问题的观测值，利用待定边值的三次样条函数及最小二乘法反求参数，然后以Ｃａｕｃｈｙ问题的解作为已知点列的拟合曲线．这是对［１］中ＧＭ（２，１）模型的重要改进．是一类适用范围很广的曲线拟合法．经过实算说明这个方法具极高的拟合精度．     

燃气轮机燃烧室过渡段冷却结构尺寸优化设计

通过选择导流衬表面冷却孔直径作为尺寸优化的设计变量,运用二次回归正交组合试验设计方法合理分布试验点,并结合最小二乘法构造出燃烧室壁面温度及冷空气出口压强关于冷却孔直径的响应面模型,研究了燃气轮机燃烧室过渡段的冷却问题。最后采用自适应响应面法对响应面模型进行了优化设计。数值模拟结果对过渡段的造型及冷却设计提供了有价值的参考。     

无单元法与有限元耦合的研究进展

无单元法的理论基础是滑动最小二乘法，它不需剖分单元，只需结点信息，具有灵活性强，结果精确，收敛速度快等优点．本文对无单元法的基本理论作了概述，并提出无单元法与有限元法耦合的原理，及其研究的现实意义。