不排水桩准饱和复合地基的固结特性

自然界广泛分布准饱和天然地基,研究不排水桩准饱和复合地基的固结特性具有理论意义和工程应用价值。假定桩土之间满足等应变条件,并考虑孔隙流体压缩性,建立了不排水桩准饱和复合地基的固结控制方程。根据荷载施加瞬间比流量等于零的性质确定了孔压初始条件,利用分离变量法和叠加法得到了总应力随深度不变时瞬时加载、单级线性加载和随时间任意变化加载下的孔压解析解答。推导了固结度和即时沉降的计算公式。考虑孔隙流体压缩性时复合地基既产生即时孔压也产生即时沉降。含气率越大,初始孔压和按固结沉降定义的固结度越小;含气率和桩的压缩模量越大,即时沉降越大。即使含气率只有0.2%,预应力管桩复合地基的即时沉降占总沉降的比率也高达97.3%。上述研究表明,由于地基经桩体加固后等效压缩模量大幅增加和孔隙水的体积模量随含气量大幅减小,因此在不排水桩准饱和复合地基固结分析中必须考虑孔隙水的压缩性,否则会造成较大的理论偏差。     

高饱和度饱和土中爆炸波的传播特性

利用φ2．5×5m爆炸模拟装置进行饱和土接触爆炸模拟试验,在获得爆炸波在饱和土自由场中传播的试验数据的基础上,拟合出压力、动量、上升时间随比例距离变化的公式,通过综合分析给出了饱和土中波传播的规律。理论分析揭示了饱和土中应力波传播时出现流体动力区和冲击波形成等性质,建立了饱和土双线性递增硬化本构关系;在饱和土试验中,存在由冲击波向弹性波转化的分界压力,这个分界压力是与介质性质有关的参数,在不同的土中产生冲击波的条件不相同。高饱和度的饱和土中应力波在点爆炸条件下的三维弥散空间中也较容易产生冲击波,因此,在同样的爆炸条件下,饱和土中结构具有更大的破坏可能性。     

具有圆形隧道的准饱和黏弹性土振动响应

采用解析方法在频率域内研究简谐荷载作用下具有分数导数黏弹性衬砌的圆形隧道准饱和黏弹性土振动响应.假定混凝土衬砌为黏弹性材料,利用分数导数模型描述动力学行为.将水-气混合物视为一种均匀流体,采用Biot波动理论模拟准饱和黏弹性土.利用分数导数黏弹性衬砌内边界以及准饱和黏弹性土和衬砌结构界面处的连续性条件,得到准饱和黏弹性土和分数导数型衬砌动力相互作用时土体和衬砌的位移、应力和孔隙水压力等的解析表达式.讨论饱和度、衬砌厚度及分数导数本构参数对系统动力响应的影响.数值结果表明,分数导数阶数对系统响应的影响与衬砌材料参数比有关;饱和度对衬砌和土体界面处孔隙水的渗透性有较大影响;弹性衬砌条件下的系统响应大于分数导数黏弹性衬砌条件下的系统动力响应.     

饱和半空间圆形衬砌对稳态剪切波的散射

根据饱和土中Biot波动理论,采用复变函数和多级坐标的方法对半无限饱和土中稳态剪切SV波对地下圆形衬砌周围的散射和动应力集中的问题进行了研究,分析计算了动应力集中系数在随土体孔隙率、渗透系数以及弹性衬砌厚度的变化时在衬砌周边分布情况,为研究半空间饱和土中衬砌结构对稳态剪切波的动力响应提供了一种有效的解析方法。研究结果表明在稳态剪切波作用下,半空间饱和土中圆形衬砌周边的动应力集中系数分布随土体孔隙率的增加有增大的趋势,而渗透系数变化的影响很小,增加弹性衬砌厚度有利于减少动应力集中效应,计算结果对工程实践具有一定的参考意义。     

饱和土中多孔洞对SH波的散射与动应力集中分析

根据Biot波动理论,采用复变函数法和多极坐标法下饱和土中多个非圆形孔洞的应力、位移边界条件下的基本解,求解SH波在饱和土中孔洞周围的散射和动应力集中的数值解,建立了一种求解饱和土孔洞对稳态SH波散射的理论方法.算例结果表明:随波数的增加,动应力集中系数和孔压集中系数都减小.波数在低频范围内,动应力集中系数随孔间距的增加而减小,而孔压集中系数随孔间距的增加而增加.另外,动应力集中系数和孔压集中系数随椭圆度的增加而减小.     

土水特征曲线为直线的非饱和土一维固结计算

基于Bishop有效应力原理,将土水特征曲线与固结方程相结合,提出土水特征曲线为简单直线型的非饱和土一维固结的计算方法.假定土体固结分为2个阶段:第一阶段为不排水、不排气阶段,土体的变形只是因为气体压缩所引起的;第二阶段为排水、排气阶段,土体的变形是因为孔隙水和孔隙气的排出而引起的.在此过程的基础上,建立并求解非饱和土一维固结方程,分析影响非饱和土一维固结的因素.影响非饱和土一维固结速率的最重要因素是孔隙流体的渗流路径.在相同边界条件下,非饱和土固结过程与饱和土固结过程中孔隙流体压力沿深度的分布随时间的变化规律相同.     

饱和土的球对称固结与Mandel-Cryer效应

饱和土的固结问题是土力学的一个基本问题,在饱和土固结过程中往往伴有Mandel-Cryer效应,对Mandel-Cryer效应的理论研究尚不完善.以Biot饱和土理论为基础,通过直接求解饱和土球对称Biot固结方程,得到了球对称固结方程在真实空间的解析解.数值计算结果充分表现了饱和土三维固结过程中孔隙水压力在空间的分布和随时间的变化,直观反映了Mandel-Cryer效应的发展过程,同时给出了土体泊松比对Mandel-Cryer效应的影响规律.     

低应变检测中振源及桩土相互作用的影响分析

敲击-回波法是基桩完整性检测的有效方法,基于一维应力波理论,可以根据桩顶反射波质点振动速度响应曲线（包括走时、幅值及相位）来确定桩体波阻抗变化范围及程度。然而,在实际中,桩是柱体而非杆件,截面变形不均匀。通过点源激发的波分量及在桩顶侧面的反射波,分析了桩顶近场三维波动现象,并基于圆柱中纵向波对远场波进行分析。结果表明,在测点位置及激振频率满足一定的要求时,三维波动特性及纵向波频散特性可以削弱,桩的动测信号可近似用一维应力波理论来分析。在桩土相互作用下,桩体中应力波随传播衰减,分析了桩土剪切波速差异对应力波衰减影响规律,结果表明,应力波衰减不仅与桩土剪切波速比值有关,而且还与桩土剪切波速绝对值有关,桩体剪切波速越低、土体剪切波速越高,应力波衰减越快。     

饱和黏弹性土中单桩的纵向振动

基于Biot两相介质模型,在频率域内研究了简谐荷载作用下饱和黏弹性土中桩纵向耦合振动特性.借助Novak平面应变模型推导了饱和黏弹性土层的控制方程.将桩等效为一维杆件模型,建立了桩的振动方程.根据桩土连续性条件,求得了桩顶的动力刚度和动力阻尼.与Novak解进行了对比,并考察了长径比、流固相互作用系数、土骨架的阻尼比、桩土模量比等参数对饱和土桩系统纵向振动的影响.结果表明：单相和饱和黏弹性土中桩的动力特性存在一定差异;随着长径比的增加,动刚度因子和等效阻尼的共振效应明显减弱;而随着模量比的增加,共振效应和基频都有所增大;流固相互作用系数和土骨架的阻尼比影响相对较小.     

饱和土体中衬砌隧道在移动荷载下的动力响应

为了研究移动点荷载作用下饱和土体全空间中圆形衬砌隧道的三维动力响应,采用解析方法进行求解.用无限长圆柱壳模拟衬砌,用Biot饱和多孔介质模型模拟土体.引入两类势函数表示土骨架和孔隙水的位移,在不同环向模态下利用修正Bessel方程求解各势函数.结合边界条件,得到频率-波数域内衬砌和土骨架位移、孔隙水压力的解答.对各模态下的解答求和,并进行双重Fourier逆变换得到时间-空间域内的动力响应.通过算例分析荷载速度、土体渗透性等对位移及土体孔压的影响.结果表明:饱和土体中衬砌隧道系统存在临界速度,该速度与土体剪切波波速很接近;位移场和孔压场分布受荷载速度、土体渗透性影响较大;随着土体渗透性增大,土体孔压减小;高速荷载时的位移响应频谱与低速荷载时的差别很大.     

对隧道反射地震学的再认识

隧道反射地震法是利用放置在隧道边墙或者掌子面内的震源和接收器,来预测隧道前方的岩石特性。勘测人员应小心谨慎确保多分量的接收器与岩石牢固耦合,尽可能地避免记录到不需要的隧道波或空气波,同时,每一个震源点应尽可能产生几千赫兹的宽頻信号。这种方法有它的主要的约束条件。沿隧道轴线的空间分辨率受到信号频率和衰减影响的限制,而横向分辨率则主要受到小角度反射覆盖范围的制约。通过采用有限差分方法模拟弹性波的传播,计算人工合成的隧道地震反射记录。通过研究这些数据,得出如下一些处理隧道反射地震数据的规则:根据不同的质点运动轨迹和传播速度把压缩波和剪切波与隧道波、空气波和背景噪音分离开来。估计衰减模型、补偿振幅损失和反Q滤波都是必要的。通过振幅和保留相位的倾角滤波可以将反射的纵波和横波提取出来。空间可变的速度模型来源于对P、S波预先成像。建议用一个相容原理来导出速度模型,这就要求寻找一个合适的成像速度场,该速度场不受震源和接收器位置的约束而有相同的成像位置。空间叠前偏移是基于精确的通过不均匀速度模型的等时线和波的入射角。     

Energy flux characteristics of seismic waves at the interface between soil layers with different saturations

Based on the multiphase poroelasticity theory describing the propagation of waves in the unsaturated fluid-saturated porous medium, the reflection and transmission coefficients of the seismic waves at the interface between soil layers with different saturations are obtained. Our unsaturated model consists of a deformable skeleton in which two compressible and viscous fluids (i.e., water and gas) flow in the interstices. Three compressional waves (i.e., P1, P2, and P3 waves) and one shear (i.e., S wave) wave exist in the unsaturated soils. The expressions for the energy ratios of the various reflected and transmitted waves at the interface during the transmission and reflection processes are presented in explicit forms accordingly. At last, numerical computations are performed and the results obtained are respectively depicted graphically. The variation of the energy ratios with the incident angle, wave frequency and saturation degrees of the upper and lower soil layers is illustrated in detail. The calculation results show that the allocation of incident seismic waves at the interface is influenced not only by the angle and frequency of the incident seismic waves, but also by the saturations of the upper and lower soil layers. It is also verified that, at the interface, the sum of energy ratios of the reflected and transmitted waves is approximately equal to unity as was expected. This study is of importance to several fields such as geotechnical engineering, seismology, and geophysics.     

A numerical simulation of nonlinear propagation of gravity wave packet in three-dimension compressible atmosphere

By using FICE scheme, a numerical simulation of nonlinear propagation of gravity wave packet in three-dimension compressible atmosphere is presented. The whole nonlinear propagation process of the gravity wave packet is shown; the basic characteristics of nonlinear propagation and the influence of the ambient winds on the propagation are analyzed. The results show that FICE scheme can be extended in three-dimension by which the calculation is steady and kept for a long time; the increase of wave amplitude is faster than the exponential increase according to the linear gravity theory; nonlinear propagation makes the horizontal perturbation velocity increase greatly which can lead to enhancement of the local ambient winds; the propagation path and the propagation velocity of energy are different from the results expected by the linear gravity waves theory, the nonlinearity causes the change in propagation characteristics of gravity wave; the ambient winds alter the propagation path and group velocity of gr     

Influence of vibration on granular flowability and its mechanism of aided flow

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Numerical simulation of shock wave interaction with a deformable particle based on the pseudo arc-length method

In this paper, we combine the pseudo arc-length numerical method with the mathematical model of multiphase compressible flow for simulating the shock wave interaction with a deformable particle. Firstly, an arc-length parameter is introduced to weaken the discontinuous singularity of governing equations, and an efficient pseudo arc-length numerical method of multiphase compressible flow is proposed. Then the accuracy and adaptive moving mesh property of this algorithm are tested. Finally, the multiphase pseudo arc-length numerical method is applied to the problem of interaction between shock wave and the deformable particle. Through the flow flied change and data analysis of key points, it can be found the complex wave structures are presented after the interactions between the planar incident shock wave and the metal particle, and all these wave interactions lead to the movement and deformation of metal particle, and then the deformed particle will affect the transmitted shock wave back. According to the discussion, the deformation of particle and shock wave propagation in the particle are determined by the shock wave impedance of each medium and shock speed, so the interaction between shock wave and the deformable particle can be studied on the basis of physical properties of explosive mediums.     

含油饱和度对纵波速度影响规律的实验研究

油气储层的物性参数是勘探地球物理的重要基础资料,为了研究含油饱和度、孔隙度对纵波速度的影响,在实验室内对5块天然岩心及2块人造岩心样品进行了油驱水情况下弹性波速的测量,给出了纵波速度随含油百分比变化的拟合公式,并讨论了含油饱和度变化对岩石纵波速度的影响,实验结果表明,随着含油饱和度的增加及含水饱和度的减少,纵波速度有上升的趋势;孔隙度越小的岩石,纵波速度越高,纵波速度随含油饱和度变化的幅度就越大。     

Propagation of gravity wave packet near critical level

In the middle and upper atmosphere, there are large-scale circulations that vary with altitudes. A gravity wave, which propagates through these circulations, may encounter a critical level where the background mean wind velocity matches the horizontal phase speed of the gravity wave. The nonlinear interactions between an upgoing gravity wave and the mean wind are highly nonlinear near the critical level due to the exponentially decreased atmospheric density. The main purpose of this article is…     

Influences of Stress Wave Propagation upon Studying Dynamic Response of Materials at High Strain Rates

How the wave propagation analysis plays a key role in the studies of dynamic response of materials at high strain rates is analyzed. For the wave propagation technique, the followings are important: the loading and unloading constitutive relation presumed, the positions of the sensors embedded, the interactions between loading waves and unloading waves. For the split Hopkinson pressure bar (SI-IPB) technique, the assumption of one-dimensional stress wave propagation and the assumption of stress uniformity along the specimen should be satisfied. When the larger diameter bars are employed, the wave dispersion effects should be considered, including the high frequency oscillations, non-uniform stress distribution across the bar section, increase of rise time, and amplitude attenuation. The stress uniformity along the specimen is influenced by the reflection times in specimen, the wave impedance ratio of the specimen and the bar, and the waveform.     

直角拐弯巷道中瓦斯突出冲击气流传播特征研究

为研究突出冲击气流的传播过程及其特征,以直角拐弯巷道为例,建立了数值计算模型,对突出冲击气流的传播过程和瓦斯气体的输运过程进行了数值模拟,分析了突出冲击气流的传播衰减特征和突出瓦斯气体的输运特征.结果表明：突出能形成高速运动的冲击气流及冲击波,且突出冲击波传播速度能够超过当地音速;突出冲击气流在通过拐弯巷道时,会发生绕射及反射,其强度可能大于拐角前的强度,而在通过拐角之后衰减幅度较大;突出能在巷道内形成高浓度瓦斯区域,且瓦斯对流传质速度小于冲击气流运动速度.通过模型试验研究,初步验证了数值模拟的结论.