AZ80镁合金管材热挤压工艺及组织性能研究

选用不同的工艺参数对变形镁合金AZ80进行管材热挤压工艺实验研究;对挤压前后材料组织与力学性能的变化进行分析。研究结果表明：热挤压可以显著细化AZ80镁合金的晶粒,而且随着挤压比的增加,晶粒变得更加细小;增大挤压比也可以提高AZ80镁合金的抗拉强度和屈服强度。挤压比为18.2,坯料温度为390℃,模具预热温度360℃,凹模的半模角为60°～70°,可得到均匀的合金组织和良好的力学性能.     

Mg-Y4-Nd3合金的組織與摩擦磨損性能

研究了Mg-Y4-Nd3合金鑄態和T6處理(525℃固溶處理8 h,250℃時效處理16 h)后的顯微組織、力學性能和摩擦磨損性能。結果表明:鑄造Mg-Y4-Nd3合金共晶相分布在α-Mg固溶體晶界上,呈不連續網狀分布。經過固溶時效處理后,合金為等軸晶組織,共晶相基本固溶到-αMg基體中,時效析出沉淀相呈彌散分布。兩種處理合金的抗拉強度都隨溫度的升高而降低,伸長率均隨溫度的升高而升高,同溫度下,T6處理的合金抗拉強度高于鑄態合金。T6處理的合金在干滑動摩擦條件下,隨著載荷的增加,摩擦系數降低,磨損量增加,磨損機制由磨粒磨損伴有氧化磨損向剝層磨損過渡,在高載荷下磨損表面出現塑性變形擠出現象。     

挤压温度对固相再生ZM6镁合金组织和性能的影响

利用固相再生方法在挤压比为25：1的条件下,将ZM6镁合金屑分别在350℃、400℃、450℃和500℃温度下制备成试样,进行微观组织观察和力学性能测试。结果表明：当挤压温度为400℃时,ZM6耐热镁合金没有发生再结晶,合金中金属化合物在挤压过程中被打碎,均匀分布在基体中;当挤压温度为450℃和500℃时,ZM6镁合金发生部分动态再结晶;随着挤压温度的提高,合金的抗拉强度和延伸率提高;在挤压温度为500℃,合金的抗拉强度、屈服强度和延伸率分别为300．2MPa、142．9MPa和30％。合金室温拉伸断口主要表现为穿晶韧窝断裂。     

Effects of Extrusion Processing on Microstructure of 7075Al Alloy in the Semi-solid State

A recrystallization and partial melting(RAP) process was introduced to prepare the semi-solid 7075 aluminum alloy used for thixoforming. In order to obtain an ideal semi-solid microstructure, a series of extrusion experiments were conducted to comparatively investigate the optimum extrusion process parameters. Commercial 7075 Al alloy samples were firstly extruded with varying extrusion ratios below the recrystallization temperature followed by homogenization, then these samples were reheated to the semi-solid state and held in the range of 5 to 50 minutes. The experimental results show that varying process cause the difference in the deformation degree and microstructure for as-extruded samples, resulting in various semi-solid microstructure. It is verified that the formation of equiaxed grains in semi-solid microstructure depends on recrystallization behavior of extruded samples during partial melting. Both relative high extrusion temperature and low extrusion ratio lead to high volume fraction of recrystallized area, thus entirely equiaxed solid grains in semi-solid 7075 Al alloy samples can be obtained finally. In addition, Ostwald ripening was determined as the dominate coarsening mechanism of solid grains in semi-solid state for this 7075 Al alloy during the RAP route. The influence of predeformation on recrystallization behavior of this 7075 Al alloy was discussed in detail.     

AZ91镁合金热挤压成形工艺的研究

通过对均匀化退火后的AZ91镁合金热挤压成形工艺试验研究,分析了热挤压成形时挤压力以及组织性能的变化规律．结果表明：挤压力随挤压温度的升高、挤压比和挤压速度的减小而下降,抗拉强度随挤压温度、挤压比和挤压速度的升高而升高,同时证明了均匀化后的AZ91镁合金具有良好的挤压成形性,其制品有较好的综合力学性能,抗拉强度σ6均在310—340MPa之间,延伸率8在10％-12％之间．     

Ce对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Sc合金组织和力学性能的影响

为了研究Ce元素对T6态Al-7.5Zn-2Mg-2.3Cu-0.1Sc合金显微组织和力学性能的影响,通过改变合金中Ce元素的添加量,采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和电子万能实验机对合金的显微组织、拉伸断口形貌和力学性能进行了研究.结果表明,加入质量分数为0.2%的Ce元素可以显著细化Al-7.5Zn-2Mg-2.3Cu-0.1Sc合金的铸态和T6态显微组织.在合金的T6处理过程中随着时效时间的增加,合金硬度和抗拉强度均先增加后降低,合金的硬度和抗拉强度峰值分别为216 HB和681.7 MPa,合金最高屈服强度为638.2 MPa.合金拉伸断口呈韧脆混合断裂特征.     

挤压比对6061铝合金耐腐蚀性能的影响

采用失重法、极化曲线探讨了不同挤压比下6061铝合金在不同环境下的耐腐蚀性能,利用光学显微镜、SEM观察铝合金的显微组织。结果表明:随着挤压比(=18、23、25)的增大,6061铝合金晶粒得到明显细化,经过阳极氧化处理后,铝合金表面形成的阳极氧化膜厚度随着挤压比增大而增加。在3%HCl溶液中,未经阳极氧化处理的铝合金,其耐腐蚀性能随着挤压比的增大而提高;而经过阳极氧化处理后,铝合金表面形成的阳极氧化膜在大的挤压比下更容易破损,耐腐蚀性能反而降低。在3.5%NaCl溶液中,未经阳极氧化处理的铝合金,其耐腐蚀性能随着挤压比增大而降低;经过阳极氧化处理后,挤压比越大,形成的阳极氧化膜越厚,对Cl-的阻挡作用就越明显,耐腐蚀性能也越好。     

钙对Mg-8%Al镁合金组织及性能的影响

为了提高镁铝合金的力学性能,通过扫描电镜（SEM）、x射线衍射仪等分析手段及室温与高温力学性能测试,研究了0.5%Ca对Mg-8%Al合金组织及力学性能的影响.结果表明,Mg 8%Al合金中加入0.5%Ca后,晶粒得到明显细化,沿α固溶体晶界分布的β-Mg-17-Al-12相变得细小、光滑,β-Mg-17-Al-12相周围的次生相消失;加入的钙除形成钙的化合物外,还有少量溶入β-Mg-17-Al-12中,基体中不含钙;0.5%Ca可使Mg-8%Al合金的室温及高温力学性能得到明显提高.     

钙和碳变质对AZ91D显微组织与性能的影响

镁合金的晶粒细化对于材质的金相组织和力学性能起着决定性作用．本课题通过在AZ91D中加入Ca和C2Cl6晶粒细化剂,分别研究了Ca,C对AZ91D组织以及力学性能的影响．利用熔剂保护法,制备了AZ91D标准拉伸试样,经过T4,T6处理后,采用金相显微镜（Olympus）、扫面电镜（SEM）和能谱分析仪（EDAX）对制备的试样进行了显微组织、断口形貌及成分进行了观察与分析,并测试了抗拉强度和布氏硬度．试验结果表明：经过显微组织和断口形貌观察,加入细化剂后形成Al4C3,有效的抑制了晶粒的长大,使晶粒得到细化,当Ca和C2Cl6复合应用时,使得AZ91D的晶粒细化更加明显,力学性能得到提高,抗拉强度最高达到216N／mm^2,布氏硬度值达到60HB．     

T4处理后AZ91镁合金焊接接头组织演变规律

为了明确固溶(T4)处理工艺参数对AZ91镁合金焊接接头组织演变规律的影响,需要进行T4处理优化设计,确定最佳热处理工艺.热处理后分别采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和拉伸试验机对焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行分析.结果表明,T4处理可以改变接头的组织形态,影响第二相β-Mg17Al12的位置,增大晶粒尺寸,特别是粗晶区;较为合理的T4参数可以提高抗拉强度,提高塑性,降低硬度;AZ91镁合金固溶处理的最佳工艺条件为420℃×15 h,抗拉强度为274.28 MPa.     

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy after retrogression and re-aging treatments

The mechanical properties and stress corrosion cracking (SCC) resistance of an Al-Zn-Cu-Mg-Sc-Zr alloy under different aging conditions were investigated. The dependence of microstructure and mechanical properties on aging parameters was evaluated by tensile test, hardness test and conductivity measurement. The results show that for the alloys with retrogression and re-aging treatment (RRA), the conductivity increases with the retrogression time and temperature, while the tensile strength decreases. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) results show that the precipitates η(MgZn₂) at grain boundary aggregate apparently with retrogression time and the precipitates inside the matrix exhibit the similar distribution to T6 temper, which comprises fine GP zones, large η′(MgZn₂) and η(MgZn₂) phases. According to the mechanical properties and microstructure observations, the optimal RRA regime is recommended to be 120 °C, 24 h + 180 °C, 30 min + 120 °C, 24 h. The strength level of the alloy after the optimum RRA treatment is similar to that in T6 condition and the SCC resistance is improved obviously in contrast to T6 condition.     

外加磁场电流对镁合金焊接接头力学性能的影响

在对5mm厚的AZ31镁板进行TIG焊过程中,需要外加横向交流磁场.针对外加横向磁场电流对镁合金焊接接头力学性能的影响进行抗拉强度和布氏硬度试验,并采用扫描电子显微镜对试样的焊缝进行组织分析.研究了磁场参数对AZ31镁合金接头组织和性能的影响规律以及磁场作用的机理.研究发现,外加横向磁场可以促使电弧摆动对熔池进行作用,改变晶粒结晶过程,使焊缝中晶粒组织得到细化,进而使焊接接头的抗拉强度和硬度等性能得到改善.在适当的磁场参数作用下电磁搅拌达到最佳效果,此时焊接接头的综合力学性能最好.     

磁场电流对AZ31镁合金组织与性能的影响

为了改善AZ31镁合金的综合性能并提高其利用价值,通过在AZ31镁合金整个凝固过程施加旋转磁场制备镁合金管坯.通过改变磁场电流对磁场与自然凝固条件下获得的AZ31镁合金铸锭的微观组织及力学性能进行了观察与测试,研究了磁场电流对AZ31镁合金显微组织和力学性能的影响.结果表明,随着磁场电流的增大,合金晶粒逐渐细化,晶粒内部出现较多的孪晶,且β-Mg17Al12相逐渐减少并细化.磁场电流越大,AZ31镁合金的力学性能越好.当磁场电流为150 A时,AZ31镁合金的抗拉强度为194 MPa,屈服强度为98 MPa,伸长率为14. 8%,与自然凝固状态相比分别提高了23. 6%、32. 4%和57. 4%.     

Effects of Heating and Hot Extrusion Process on Microstructure and Properties of Inconel 625 Alloy

The effects of the heating process and hot extrusion on the microstructure and properties of inconel 625 alloy were studied. The experimental results showed that the properties of Inconel 625 alloy could be improved through the heating process and hot extrusion concomitant with a reduced corrosion rate. The M23C6 carbide, generated in the heating process, was retained and distributed at the grain boundary during the process of hot extrusion, which had an important influence on both elongation and corrosion resistance. The improvement of the comprehensive properties of the material, as measured by a tensile test at room temperature, was correlated with the dissolution of segregation Nb. A typical ductile fracture changed to a cleavage fracture where secondary cracks could be clearly seen. With the increase of the extrusion ratio, the real extrusion temperature was higher, which led to more dissolution of the M23C6 carbide, decreased the number of secondary cracks, enhanced the effect of solid solution strengthening, and reduced the intergranular corrosion rate. Under the condition of a high extrusion ratio and a high extrusion speed, the less extrusion time made it possible to obtain organization with a smaller average grain size. Moreover, in this case, the M23C6 carbide and segregated Nb did not have enough time to diffuse. Thus all samples exhibited medium strengths and corrosion rates after extrusion.     

Mg-A1-Zn合金的成分、组织与性能的关系研究

在ZM5镁合金的基础上,添加部分Zn元素和少量Ag元素,研究了新合金与ZM5合金组织及性能的差异,探讨固溶和时效处理对Mg-Al-Zn合金中组织演变的影响以及组织与性能之间的关系.结果表明:在ZM5合金中添加Zn能较为明显地增加合金中的γ(Mg17Al12)相的数量,且使之变得较为粗大,片层的取向也显得比较复杂多样,而且合金在T4(固溶)和T6(固溶 时效)状态下的屈强比也有较为明显的提高,而延伸率降低;热处理状态对Mg-Al-Zn合金的显微组织有明显的影响;固溶处理后的时效处理能明显提高Mg-Al-Zn合金屈强比;分布在基体晶界处的γ相的数量、大小和形态与合金的拉伸性能有着密切的关系.     

动态时效对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag合金组织与力学性能的影响

对Al-Cu-Mg-Ag新型耐热铝合金进行预时效+中温轧制变形+终时效的动态时效工艺处理,采用硬度测试、拉伸性能测试,结合金相显微组织分析和透射电子显微分析,探究动态时效对其力学性能与微观组织的影响。结果表明：动态时效能够提高合金的时效硬化速率,随着变形量的增大,合金的峰时效时间逐渐减小,峰值硬度逐渐增大。动态时效能够改变晶粒形貌,随着变形量的增大,晶粒的纵横比增大,位错数量增多,强化相数量增多尺寸减小,使得合金强度随着变形量的增大而逐渐增大,但伸长率逐渐减小。变形量为50%合金的强度最高,抗拉强度和屈服强度最大,分别为527.4 MPa和467.0 MPa,伸长率保持在较高值9.1%。     

Microstructure and properties of W-15Cu alloys prepared by mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering process

W-15Cu composite powders prepared by mechanical alloying （MA） of raw powders were consolidated by spark plasma sintering （SPS） process at temperature ranged 1 230-1 300 ℃ for 10 min and under a pressure of 30 MPa. By using high energy milling, particles containing very fine tungsten grains embedded in copper, called composite particles, could be produced. The W grains were homogeneously dispersed in copper phase, which was very important to obtain W-Cu alloy with high mechanical properties, fine and homogeneous microstructure. The microstructure and properties of W-15Cu alloys prepared by SPS processes at different temperature were researched. The results show that W-15Cu alloys consolidated by SPS can reach 99.6 % relative density, and transverse rupture strength （TRS） is 1 400.9 MPa, Rockwell C hardness （HRC） is 45.2, the thermal conductivity is 196 W/m-K at room temperature, the average grain size is less than 2 μm, and W-15Cu alloy with excellent properties, homogeneous and fine microstructure is obtained.     

固溶时效处理对AZ91镁合金焊接接头组织性能的影响

为了明确热处理工艺对AZ91镁合金焊接接头组织性能的影响规律,进行了固溶时效处理工艺(T6)优化设计,确定了焊接接头的最佳热处理工艺.热处理后分别采用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和拉伸试验机等对焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能进行了分析.结果表明,固溶处理可以提高焊接接头的抗拉强度与塑性;T6处理使其显微硬度提高,塑性下降,但焊接接头的综合力学性能得到提高.AZ91镁合金固溶处理的最佳工艺条件为420℃×15 h,其抗拉强度为283.22 MPa;最佳时效工艺条件为200℃×10 h,其抗拉强度为300.92 MPa.     

热挤压Al-6.0%Zn-2.0%Mg-1.5%Cu-xY合金的显微组织及力学性能

针对含稀土元素Y和T6态热挤压Al-6.0%Zn-2.0%Mg-1.5%Cu-xY合金的显微组织、硬度以及拉伸性能进行了研究,以确定稀土元素Y和T6处理对其力学性能的影响规律.结果表明,稀土元素Y的加入可有效地细化热挤压Al-6.0%Zn-2.0%Mg-1.5%Cu合金的组织.适宜的T6处理可以提高Al-6.0%Zn-2.0%Mg-1.5%Cu-xY合金的布氏硬度,其中Al-6.0%Zn-2.0%Mg-1.5%Cu-0.25%Y合金经480℃×3 h+120℃×26 h热处理后,其室温抗拉强度以及屈服强度均得到显著提高,表现出良好的综合拉伸性能.断口形貌观察结果表明,含Y量不同的T6态挤压变形Al-6.0%Zn-2.0%Mg-1.5%Cu-xY合金在拉伸加载条件下呈现典型的韧性断裂特征.     

液态模锻6061铝合金轮毂组织及性能

采用液态模锻成型时,为了研究铝合金轮毂不同部位的微观组织和力学性能,利用金相显微镜和拉伸试验机对液态模锻6061铝合金轮毂不同部位的组织及性能进行了研究.结果表明:外轮缘处晶粒最细小,而轮辐部位的晶粒最粗大;外轮缘的抗拉强度和伸长率最高,可以分别达到371 MPa和16%,轮辐部位的抗拉强度强度和伸长率最低,分别为346 MPa和9%.轮辋处的合金晶粒大小不一,且部分晶粒被拉长变形,这是由于该处糊状金属流动产生的冲刷和挤压所致.