掺加SiC晶须对B_4C-Al_2O_3复合材料性能的影响

B4C－ 20vol％ Al2O3和 B4C－ 30vol％ Al2O3两种材料分别掺加了 15vol％ (体积比 )的 SiC晶须 (SiCw)在 1850℃、 35MPa下热压烧结 40min。结果表明： SiCw的掺入,使复合材料的力学性能下降,特别是 B4C－ 30vol％ Al2O3材料的性能下降更为明显,弯曲强度和断裂韧性由原先的 389.5MPa和 5.76MPa· m1/2,分别下降到 293.4MPa和 4.11MPa· m1/2。通过分析找出了 SiCw对复合材料性能产生影响的原因。     

掺杂对Al_2O_3/TiAl复合材料性能的影响

本研究采用Ti-Al-TiO2-La2O3体系,通过热压烧结工艺原位合成了Al2O3/TiAl复合材料.借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)等分析研究了材料的物相组成和微观组织结构,同时分别将掺杂La2O3和掺杂Fe2O3对合成Al2O3/TiAl复合材料微观结构和力学性能的影响进行了对比.结果表明:掺杂La2O3合成的Al2O3/TiAl复合材料基体尺寸相对掺杂Fe2O3合成产物较小,分散更加均匀,致密度更高.当La2O3掺杂量为3.93wt%时,Al2O3/TiAl复合材料的抗弯强度和断裂韧性达到最大值,分别为701.95MPa和7.79MPa·m1/2.由于稀土氧化物具有对基体和增强颗粒的净化,细化晶粒等作用,因此提高了TiAl基体与Al2O3增强颗粒结合强度,所以掺杂La2O3合成材料的力学性能相比掺杂Fe2O3合成的产物较高.     

Re2O3弥散强化Ag基复合材料的制备与性能

目的 采用稀土氧化物(Re2O3)进行弥散强化,探讨稀土氧化物种类及掺量对复合材料的性能影响,提高Ag基复合材料的熔化温度和力学性能.方法 通过化学共沉积制取了Re2O3/Ag复合粉体,并在35 MPa下压制成型,进而在氩气保护下850℃高温烧结.制备出稀土氧化物弥散分布的银基复合材料样品,并对其熔化温度、力学性能等指标进行测试.结果 Y2O3掺量为4%时可获得最大的溶化温度为975℃,掺量为1%时可获得最大的抗拉强度.延伸率随Re2O3质量分数的增加而下降.结论 Re2O3弥散强化Ag基复合材料的熔化温度、力学 性能较纯Ag有所提高,可作为OPIT工艺的包套材料.     

SiCw/6061Al复合材料的切削机理研究

用挤压铸造(Squeeze casting)法制造了晶须体积含量为20%的碳化硅晶须增强6061铝合金(SiCw/6061A1)复合材料,分析了SiCw/6061A1复合材料的塑性变形特点,提出了SiCw/6061A1复合材料切削过程材料去除机制和切削表面残余应力形成机理。     

原位合成Al_2O_3/FeAl复合材料的组织与性能

利用Fe-Al-Fe2O3体系的放热反应,原位热压合成了Al2O3/FeAl复合材料.借助XRD和SEM等研究了复合材料的物相组成和显微结构,以及Al2O3生成量对复合材料显微结构和力学性能的影响.结果表明:经1 250℃保温1.5h热压烧结的块体材料主要由FeAl及少量Al2O3相构成,FeAl基体为片层结构,增强相Al2O3分散在基体和晶界处.随着Al2O3含量的增加,基体晶粒尺寸明显减小,同时对材料起增强增韧作用.在Al2O3含量为1.2wt%时,试样的抗弯强度达到最大值1 329.22MPa;在Al2O3含量为0.8wt%时,试样的断裂韧性达到最大值29.95MPa·m1/2.此值正好处于金属与陶瓷材料性能链的断缺处.因此,本研究结果对于完善材料性能体系具有重要意义.     

LiNbO3/Al2O3复合材料的制备及其力学性能

为了研究铁电相LiNbO3对Al2O3陶瓷材料结构及其力学性能的影响,以Al2O3 Nb2O5 和LiCO3为主要原料,分别通过高温固相法和热压烧结法,制备LiNbO3/Al2O3复合材料.对制备的复合材料进行物相分析,抗折强度的测试以及显微形貌观察.结果发现：LiNbO3的加入有利于促进Al2O3的烧结,降低了Al2O3陶瓷的烧结温度.当烧结温度超过1 200℃时,复合材料的主晶相仍然为LiNbO3和Al2O3,但由于少量Li元素挥发,生成物相LiNb3O8.在1 200℃保温3h,通过高温固相法烧结,5vol％ LiNbO3/95vol％ Al2O3复合材料的抗弯强度达到了最高,为162.34MPa.在1 300℃,150MPa（保温保压1h）热压烧结制备的15 vol％ LiNbO3/85 vol％ Al2O3复合材料致密度为92.82％,其抗弯强度和断裂韧性分别为393.94 MPa和2.38 MPa· m1/2.该复合材料中的LiNbO3晶粒出现了非180°畴结构,这种电畴结构有利于改善材料的力学性能.     

复合材料Li_4Ti_5O_(12)/SnO_2的制备及电化学性能研究

采用化学沉积法制备Li4Ti5O12/Sn O2复合材料,讨论了Sn O2的含量对负极材料电化学性能的影响.通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、恒流充放电测试对材料进行结构、形貌及电化学性能表征.结果表明:复合材料中的Sn O2不会改变钛酸锂的尖晶石结构和形貌,当Sn O2质量分数为5%时,材料的电化学性能最优;电压在1~3 V,进行恒流充放电测试,结果表明:0.1 C倍率时,Li4Ti5O12的首次放电比容量为167.83 m Ah/g,而5%复合材料的首次放电比容量为178.21 m Ah/g.     

钒取代磷钨酸盐/刚果红电致变色膜的制备及性能研究

基于Layer-by-Layer技术,将有机染料刚果红和钒取代磷钨酸盐(K7P2W16V2O62·18H2O)复合,制备了一种复合电致变色材料:[PEI/P2W16V2/PEI/刚果红]20.紫外-可见吸收光谱监测显示复合材料的合成均一、稳定.紫外可见分光光度计与电化学工作站联机表明:染料刚果红的加入使复合材料实现了由红色到栗色、再到红色的可逆颜色变化,增加了磷钨酸盐电致变色材料的变色种类.并且此复合材料展现了良好的电致变色性能,复合材料在650 nm处的光反差可以达到20.11%,复合膜的着色效率可以提高到33 cm2C-1,着色时间和褪色时间分别缩短到4.74 s和8.16 s.     

TiC含量及烧结温度对Al_2O_3-TiC复合陶瓷材料力学性能的影响

利用热压烧结法制备了Al2O3-TiC复合陶瓷材料,研究了TiC含量、烧结温度对材料致密度、抗弯强度、断裂韧性等性能的影响.结果表明:TiC颗粒的引入,可以有效提高Al2O3-TiC复合陶瓷材料的力学性能,当TiC含量为30Vol%、烧结温度为1 750℃时,Al2O3-TiC复合材料的断裂韧性值和抗弯强度值达到最大,分别为5.08 MPa·m1/2和620 MPa,试样的断裂方式主要为沿晶断裂,同时也含有穿晶断裂.     

放电等离子合成Ti3AlC2/TiB2复合材料的研究

采用放电等离子烧结工艺成功地制备了Ti3AlC2/TiB2复合材料.研究表明:在1 250 ℃,30 MPa压力和保温8 min下烧结,可以得到相对密度达98%以上的致密Ti3AlC2/TiB2块体材料;在Ti3AlC2中添加TiB2能大幅度提高材料性能,Ti3AlC2/TiB2复合材料Vickers硬度随TiB2掺量的增加而增大,最大可达到10.4 GPa;当TiB2体积含量为10%时,复合材料的最大的抗弯强度为696 MPa,断裂韧性为6.6 MPa·m1/2.     

Ba3La2Ti2Ta2O15: A new microwave dielectric of A5B4O15-type cation-deficient perovskites

The synthesis, structure and properties of a new A5B4O15-type cation-deficient perovskite Ba3La2Ti2Ta2O15 were discribed. The compound was prepared by the conventional solid-state reaction route. The phase and structure of the ceramics were characterized by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM）. The results reveal that the compound is successfully synthesized. The compound crystallizes in the trigonal system with unit cell parameter a=5.6730（2） A, c=11.6511（2） A, V=324.93（1） A^3 and Z=1. The microwave dielectric properties of the ceramic are studied using a network analyzer, and it shows a high dielectric constant of 45.1, a high quality factors with Q×fof21 029 GHz, and a positive τf of 5.3 ppm℃^-1.     

Electrical conductivity of （Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6）-AlF3-Al2O3 melts

The effects of contents of AlF3 and Al2O3, and temperature on electrical conductivity of （Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6）- AlF3-Al2O3 were studied by continuously varying cell censtant （CVCC） technique. The results show that the conductivities of melts increase with the increase of temperature, but by different extents. Every increasing 10 ℃ results in an increase of 1.85 × 10^-2, 1.86× 10^-2, 1.89 × 10^-2 and 2.20 × 10^-2 S/cm in conductivity for the （Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6）-AlF3 melts containing 0%, 20%, 24%, and 30% AlF3, respectively. An increase of every 10 ℃ in temperature results an increase about 1.89× 10^-2, 1.94 × 10^-2, 1.95 × 10^-2, 1.99× 10^-2 and 2.10× 10^-2 S/cm for （Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6）-AlF3-Al2O3 melts containing 0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4% Al2O3, respectively. The activation energy of conductance was calculated based on Arrhenius equation. Every increasing 1% of AlF3 results in a decrease of 0.019 and 0.020 S/cm in conductivity for （Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6）-AlF3 melts at 900 and 1 000 ℃, respectively. Every increase of 1% Al2O3 results in a decrease of 0.07 S/cm in conductivity for （Na3AlF6-40%K3AlF6）-AlF3-Al2O3 melts. The activation energy of conductance increases with the increase in content of AlF3 and Al2O3.     

Preparation and electrical-magnetic properties of Co0.6Cu0.16Ni0.24Fe2O4/MWCNTs composites

Co0.6Cu0.16Ni0.24Fe2O4/multi-walled carbon nanotube nanocomposites (CCNF/MWCNTs) were synthesized by solution filling method.The phase structure,thermal stability,morphology and electrical-magnetic properties of the samples were characterized by means of modern testing technology.The effect of iron concentration,filling time,sintering temperature on their electrical and magnetic performance was discussed.The results indicated that conductivity was related to the content of MWCNTs,while the magnetism correlated with the volume fraction of the filled CCNF in the composites.When the optimal condition satisfied the filling time of 18 h,ferric concentration of 0.25 mol L-1 and sintering temperature of 350°C,the prepared composite had the best magnetic loss performance,and its minimum reflection loss reached-22.47 dB on 9.76 GHz,the available bandwidth was beyond 2.0 GHz.Hence,the obtained composite can be used as advancing absorption and shielding material due to its favorable microwave absorbing property.     

Characteristics of LiCoO2, LiMn2O4 and LiNi0.45Co0.1Mn0.45O2 as cathodes of lithium ion batteries

LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ was synthesized from Li₂CO₃ and a triple oxide of nickel, cobalt and manganese at 950 °C in air. The structures and characteristics of LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂, LiCoO₂ and LiMn₂O₄ were investigated by XRD, SEM and electrochemical measurements. The results show that LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ has a layered structure with hexagonal lattice. The commercial LiCoO₂ has sphere-like appearance and smooth surfaces, while the LiMn₂O₄ and LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ consist of cornered and uneven particles. LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ has a large discharge capacity of 140.9 mA · h/g in practical lithium ion battery, which is 33.4% and 2.8% above that of LiMn₂O₄ and LiCoO₂, respectively. LiCoO₂ and LiMn₂O₄ have higher discharge voltage and better rate-capability than LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂. All the three cathodes have excellent cycling performance with capacity retention of above 89.3% at the 250th cycle. Batteries with LiMn₂O₄ or LiNi_0.45Co_0.10Mn_0.45O₂ cathodes show better safety performance under abusive conditions than those with LiCoO₂ cathodes. Foundation item: Project(50302016) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China; Project(2005037698) supported by the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China     

Ca0.9Ce0.1Ti0.8Al0.2SiO5在水热作用下的化学稳定性

通过固相法合成掺铈榍石固溶体(Ca0.9 Ce0.1Ti0.8Al0.2SiO5),采用PCT粉末浸泡试验法,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、电感耦合等离子体发射光谱(ICP-OES)等分析测试手段,研究掺铈榍石固溶体在热液作用下的稳定性.实验结果表明,掺铈榍石固化体在不同条件下(温度150～ 200℃,0.476～1.554 MPa,pH值5～9),都具有良好的稳定性.随着浸泡时间的增加,各元素的归一化浸出率逐渐降低并保持在较低水平.     

Modification of LiCo1/3Ni1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode material by CeO2-coating

LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ was coated by a layer of 1.0 wt% CeO₂ via sol-gel method. The bared and coated LiMn_1/3Co_1/3Ni_1/3O₂ was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), cyclic voltammogram (CV) and galvanotactic charge-discharge test. The results show that the coating layer has no effect on the crystal structure, only coating on the surface; the 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂ exhibits better discharge capacity and cycling performance than the bared LiCo_1/3Ni_1/3Mn_1/3O₂. The discharge capacity of 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated cathode is 182.5 mAh·g⁻¹ at a current density of 20 mA·g⁻¹, in contrast to 165.8 mAh·g⁻¹of the bared sample. The discharge capacity retention of 1.0 wt% CeO₂-coated sample after 12 cycles reaches 93.2%, in comparison with 86.6% of the bared sample. CV results show that the CeO₂ coating could suppress phase transitions and prevent the surface of cathode material from direct contact with the electrolyte, thus enhance the electrochemical performance of the coated material.     

Electrolysis expansion performance of semigraphitic cathode in [K3AlF6/Na3AlF6]-AlF3-Al2O3 bath system

The electrolysis expansion of semigraphitic cathode in [K₃AlF₆/Na₃AlF₆]-AlF₃-Al₂O₃ bath system was tested by self-made modified Rapoport apparatus. A mathematical model was introduced to discuss the effects of α _CR (cryolite ratio) and β _KR (elpasolite content divided by the total amount of elpasolite and sodium cryolite) on performance of cathode electrolysis expansion. The results show that K and Na (potassium and sodium) penetrate into the cathode together and have an obvious influence on the performance of cathode electrolysis expansion. The electrolysis expansion and K/Na penetration rate increase with the increase of α _CR. When α _CR=1.9 and β _KR=0.5, the electrolysis expansion is the highest, which is 3.95%; and when α _CR=1.4 and β _KR=0.1, the electrolysis expansion is the lowest, which is 1.28%. But the effect of β _KR is correlative with α _CR. When α _CR=1.6 and 1.9, with the increase of β _KR, the electrolysis expansion and K/Na penetration rate increase. However, when α _CR=1.4, the electrolysis expansion and K/Na penetration rate firstly increase and then decrease with the increase of β _KR. Foundation item: Project (2005CB623703) supported by the Major State Basic Research and Development Program of China; Project (2008AA030502) supported by the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China     

Synthesis and characterization of Mg3(PO4)2-coated Li1.05Ni1/3Mn1/3Co1/3O2 cathode material for Li-ion battery

Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coated Li_1.05Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂ cathode materials were synthesized via co-precipitation method. The morphology, structure, electrochemical performance and thermal stability were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), cyclic voltammetry(CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS), charge/discharge cycling and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). SEM analysis shows that Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coating changes the morphologies of their particles and increases the grains size. XRD and CV results show that Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coating powder is homogeneous and has better layered structure than the bare one. Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coating improved high rate discharge capacity and cycle-life performance. The reason why the cycling performance of Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coated sample at 55 °C was better than that of room temperature was the increasing of lithium-ion diffusion rate and charge transfer rate with temperature rising. Mg₃(PO₄)₂-coating improved the cathode thermal stability, and the result was consistent with thermal abuse tests using Li-ion cells: the Mg₃(PO₄)₂ coated Li_1.05Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂ cathode did not exhibit thermal runaway with smoke and explosion, in contrast to the cells containing the bare Li_1.05Ni_1/3Mn_1/3Co_1/3O₂. Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20273047)     

Molar heat capacities of La2Mo2O9 and La1.9Sr0.1MO209-δ

The molar heat capacities of La2Mo209 and La1.9Sr0.1MO209-δ were obtained using the differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） technique in a temperature range from 298 to 1473 K. The DSC curve of La2Mo209 showed an endothermal peak around 834 K corresponding to a first-order monoclinic-cubic phase transition, and the enthalpy change accompanying this phase transition is 5.99 kJ/mol. No evident endothermal peak existed in the DSC curve of La1.9Sr0.1MO209-δ, but a broad thermal anomaly existed in its heat capacity curve at around 832 K. In addition, the heat capacity values of La2Mo209 and La1.9Sr0.1MO209-δ began to decrease at 1196 and 1330 K, respectively. The non-transitional heat capacity values of La2Mo209 and La1.9Sr0.1MO209-δ were formulated using multiple regression analysis in two temperature ranges.     

Al_2O_3包覆对富锂锰基正极材料Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Co_(0.13)Ni_(0.13)O_2的电化学性能影响

采用水热法合成富锂三元正极材料,探究了最佳包覆比例下Al_2O_3包覆对材料的电化学性能影响.采用扫描电镜(SEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)表征了富锂三元正极材料的表面形貌和结构,通过循环伏安(CV)、交流阻抗(EIS)技术分析了材料电化学性的影响因素.结果表明,通过异丙醇铝水解制得了氧化铝包覆层,提高了材料的比容量,稳定了材料的结构.