受采动影响的深井巷道研究与支护实践

通过对开滦矿务局赵各庄矿１１、１２水平的实测，探讨了受采动影响的深井底板岩巷围岩松动圈的变化规律，并在该矿１１、１２水平进行了工业性试验。试验获得了预期的成功，维护费用降低了４５．７％。     

不同岩性围岩变形随巷道埋深变化分析

分析了不同岩性围岩表面位移、围岩松动圈及塑性圈半径随巷道埋置深度即原岩应力变化,结果表明:围岩表面位移随巷道埋深即原岩应力加速增加,围岩松动圈及塑性圈范围随巷道埋深近似线性增长。围岩岩性越差,围岩表面位移随原岩应力增长速度增加越快,而松动圈及塑性圈范围随巷道埋深即原岩应力增长有趋于稳定的趋势。     

探地雷达在松动圈确定与巷道支护参数优化中的应用

巷道围岩松动圈的大小影响着巷道的变形及施工人员的人身安全。对煤矿而言，收集某一采区的松动圈实测值；对相似采区巷道的采掘有很好的指导意义。采用挖地雷达测定王楼煤矿15121轨道顺槽围岩松动圈的大小，应用FLAC3D软件模拟验证，分析了探地雷达用于探测巷道围岩松动圈的科学性，预测了松动圈的发展，很好地应用于指导支护参数的优化。     

跨采巷道围岩松动圈发育的结构特点

采用ＦＬＡＣ数值模拟软件，研究了上围岩结构型式巷道在不采应力环境听松动圈发育规律，得出不同围岩结构组成式对巷道岩松圈的最终发育形态和发育程度具有重要影响的结论，     

松动圈对隧道围岩地震动力响应的影响

为了实现对埋深的模拟,考虑振动台的载重量,设计并制作了一套质量较轻的柔性伺服气压加载系统.分别开展了考虑和不考虑松动圈的振动台模型试验,同时建立了相应工况的隧道动力计算数值模型,将试验结果与数值计算结果进行了对比.模型试验数据与数值模拟结果规律较为一致,且反映了松动圈的动力响应影响,表明采用柔性加载来模拟埋深产生的地应力的方法是可行的.结果表明:在一定埋深条件下,隧道结构的自身振动特性表现不明显;松动圈的存在增大了隧道结构和周围岩体的加速度响应,从而使结构破坏程度更为严重;无论有无松动圈,结构整体的动力响应规律相似.松动圈对隧道结构地震动响应的不利影响可以归结为松动圈与围岩交界面发生地震波的折射和反射以及松动圈相比于围岩较软弱,地震时更容易发生局部变形这2个因素.     

基于松动圈理论的软岩大变形隧道锚杆支护优化研究

在高地应力软岩区修建隧道时，由于软岩自身强度低、膨胀性强，又受高地应力挤压，若施工措施不当易发生软岩大变形，给工程建设带来巨大困难。根据围岩松动圈理论，采用统一强度准则，考虑中间主应力的影响，分析围岩应力状态，得到适用于软岩大变形隧道围岩松动圈半径计算公式。对安岚高速谢家坡隧道围岩进行弹塑性分析发现，软岩大变形隧道围岩松动圈沿横断面分布并不均匀，呈边墙大拱顶小的趋势，且随大变形级别的升高和支护反力的减小而增大。结合现场测试得到Ⅱ级大变形松动圈厚度拱顶处为6.5~7.0 m，边墙处为7.0~7.5 m；Ⅲ级大变形松动圈厚度拱顶处为7.5~8.0 m，边墙处为8.0~8.5 m，并以松动圈厚度为依据优化系统锚杆长度。对优化段监测可见，围岩变形显著减小，稳定性有效提高。     

深埋巷道破裂围岩位移分析

针对深埋巷道围岩普遍处于破裂状态的特点，采用非连续变形分析（DDA）软件对巷道围岩松动圈非连续体位移影响因素的变化规律进行了模拟研究．分析了用锚杆、锚索和注浆加固以增加围岩破裂面的黏结力、抗拉强度和内摩擦角的数值朱减少位移量的机理，提出了非连续体巷道失稳破坏的判断标准，并对埋深1159m的大松动圈围岩巷道的非连续体位移进行了定量计算和实地观测．实测结果与DDA软件计算值比较吻合，说明对于深埋巷道破裂围岩采用DDA方法进行位移计算和支护参数设计是可行的．     

滑动构造区煤巷围岩松动圈数值模拟

为了对巷道进行有效支护以确保巷道的稳定性,基于告成煤矿23041下顺槽实际工程情况,对滑动构造区煤巷围岩松动圈发育范围进行定性分析,采用FLAC3D模拟得出23041下顺槽在现有支护体系中围岩松动圈的发育范围,并模拟不同水平应力、支护方式、护表强度对松动圈的影响.     

综放全煤平巷锚杆支护模拟试验研究

根据“巷道围岩松动圈支护理论”,以南屯矿３上 煤层综放工作面全煤平巷围岩条件为基础,对不同动压系数、侧压系数、锚杆支护参数条件下,锚杆支护巷道围岩应力分布、围岩变形及巷道破坏规律进行了模拟试验．试验证实,矩形煤巷顶板中存在一个卸压区,巷道两帮和角部区域围岩破坏严重,是支护的重点部位．锚网支护能有效控制采动压力影响下全煤巷道围岩的稳定性．试验得到的结论对于综放全煤巷道锚网支护设计和应用具有指导意义．     

茶镇隧道围岩松动圈范围测量与研究

为了向隧道围岩支护设计提供可靠的松动圈厚度理论依据,以茶镇隧道的工程实际为例,通过弹塑性理论分析,采用围岩深部位移测量的方法,计算了茶镇隧道围岩松动圈的分布范围,分析了茶镇隧道围岩松动圈对围岩稳定性、锚杆支护参数设计合理性的影响.研究结果表明:通过理论计算得出的松动圈厚度为1.9mB2.0m.     

深井巷道矿压与支护问题探讨

通过对我国部分深井矿区巷道矿压与支护情况调查分析，探讨了深井巷近矿压及稳定性问题；提出了深井巷近稳定性判别式；针对巷道的不同类型，探讨了相应的围岩支护控制措施。     

Non-destructive testing and pre-warning analysis on the quality of bolt support in deep roadways of mining districts

The bolt support quality of coal roadways is one of the important factors for the efficiency and security of coal production. By means of a self-developed technique and equipment of random non-destructive testing, non-destructive detection and pre-warning analysis on the quality of bolt support in deep roadways of mining districts were performed in a number of mining areas. The measured data were obtained in the detection instances of abnormal in-situ stress and support invalidation etc. The corresponding relation between axial bolt load variation and roadway surrounding rock deformation and stability was summarized in different mining service stages. Pre-warning technology of roadway surrounding rock stability is proposed based on the detection of axial bolt load. Meanwhile, pre-warning indicators of axial bolt load in different mining service stages are offered and some successful pre-warning cases are also illustrated.The research results show that the change rules of axial bolt load in different mining service stages are quite similar in different mining areas. The change of axial bolt load is in accord with the adjustment of surrounding rock stress, which can consequently reflect the deformation and stability state of roadway surrounding rock. Through the detection of axial bolt load in different sections of roadways, the status of real-time bolt support quality can be reflected; meanwhile, the rationality of bolt support design can be evaluated which provides reference for bolting parameters optimization.     

硬岩体强度弱化范围理论分析与工程验证

岩石巷道综合机械化快速掘进有助于改善采掘接续紧张的局面,而岩石硬度是影响综掘设备快速掘进的关键因素之一。针对硬岩巷道围岩岩性特点,利用超深孔预裂爆破技术,对硬岩巷道岩体强度进行弱化,并通过工程实践检验预裂效果,结果表明：硬岩巷道超深孔预裂爆破后,钻孔周围形成压碎区、裂隙区,使岩体有效强度降低,有利于综掘截割机具经济破岩;理论及数值模拟分析得出钻孔爆破后形成半径为1．8 m左右的松动破坏区;通过对新庄孜矿-812 m水平B4胶带大巷硬岩进行超深孔预裂爆破,钻孔窥视及工程验证爆破松动半径能够达到1．5～2．5 m之间,取得了良好的岩体强度弱化效果,为硬岩巷道机械化快速施工技术研究提供指导。     

Control technology and coordination deformation mechanism of rise entry group with high ground stress

Based on engineering practices of Wuyang Coal Mine, we carried out X-ray diffract researches on No. 3 coal; and the rocks of its roof and floor by XRD meter, and simulated the interactive effect of the surrounding rock deformation by FLAC^2D5.0 numerical simulation software under the condition of different tunneling method of multimine roadway in parallel. The internal structures of the surrounding rocks of 76 belt roadway were monitored by borehole observation instruments; and then, we analyzed the reason of failure and deformation of surrounding rocks of several rise entry, and proposed the technical measures for controlling interactive effect of several rise entry surrounding rock deformation at last. For the thickness seam rise roadway, two conclusions were drawn: one is that the co-deformation among roadway groups mainly reflect on that both shear failure and deformation in coal pillar among roadways have decreased the width of pillar core region and clamping action of coal pillar to roof strata, increased the actual span of roof strata, intensified the flexural failure of roof strata and prized the bed separation of roof deep rock strata. The other conclusion is that the factors controlling the interactive deformation among roadways is obvious when appropriate re-adjustment in construction sequence of the tunneling of multimine parallel roadways because the construction sequence among roadways also has great effects on deformation of the surrounding rock in roadway.     

深井巷道围岩应力及变形规律的数值分析

采用非线性有限元法，对深井巷道围岩应力及变形状态进行了数值计算．分析了巷道埋深、围岩性质和断面形状对围岩变形的影响．结果表明：当巷道埋探小于某一临界深度时，巷道周边围岩移近量随巷道埋深增加呈线性增加；当超过临界深度时，巷道围岩移近量呈现指数规律增加趋势．围岩变形破坏的临界深度取决于围岩的力学性质及巷道断面形状等因素．     

Physical modeling of failure process of the excavation in horizontal strata based on IR thermography

In order to capture the mechanism of roadway instability in deep mines, a new approach of Physically Finite Elemental Slab Assemblage (PFESA) is proposed in order to construct a large-scale physical model simulating the geologically horizontal strata. We carried out physical modeling on the deformation and failure processes of roadways subjected to a plane loading scheme. Our laboratory tests were based on work which incorporated infrared (IR) detection, IR radiation temperature (IRT) statistics, image feature extraction and 2D Fourier transformation, from resulting thermographies. The IRT characterizes the mechanical responses from the roadway after loading with two stages, i.e., IRT evolving at higher levels corresponded to shallow mining (≤500 m) during which the roadway deformed gradually (referred to as the "steady deformation stage"); IRT evolving in a quasi-cyclical manner with multiple peaks corresponded to deep mining (800-2600 m), in which the failure mode for the roadway are dominated by breakage and collapse (called the "unsteady deformation stage"). The IR images and 2D Fourier spectra illustrate detailed informa-tion in terms of initiation, nucleation and coalescence of the damage to rock masses and the eventual failure of roadways subject to external loading.     

深部地应力实测与巷道稳定性研究

初始地应力是地下工程围岩稳定与支护结构设计的一个基本参数.在山东唐口煤矿井下回风石门、西翼辅助运输石门不同构造部位的三个测点采用空心包体应力解除法进行了现场应力实测工作.测点的埋深达1024~1030m.文章详细介绍了三维地应力及其主应力的计算原理,并根据矿区实测地应力资料,分析了矿井地应力大小、方向变化和分布特征,进而获得了该矿区地应力的定性及定量资料,还初步分析了地应力对巷道稳定性的影响,为巷道的支护结构设计工作提供可靠依据.     

考虑巷道轴向影响的地下围岩应力场简化模型

由于多种因素影响的缘故，地下巷道轴向往往与最大主应力方向并不一致，这使巷道问题视为平面应变问题失去了应有的基础。从空间三维应力场简化模式出发，推导出圆形巷道围岩应力场与巷道轴向的对应关系，并提出了将广义平面应变问题转化为狭义平面应变问题的应力修正公式，这为巷道问题的理论分析与数值计算提供了必要的理论依据。     

Numerical simulation study of the failure evolution process and failure mode of surrounding rock in deep soft rock roadways

Based on the safety coefficient method,which assigns rock failure criteria to calculate the rock mass unit,the safety coefficient contour of surrounding rock is plotted to judge the distribution form of the fractured zone in the roadway.This will provide the basis numerical simulation to calculate the surrounding rock fractured zone in a roadway.Using the single factor and multi-factor orthogonal test method,the evolution law of roadway surrounding rock displacements,plastic zone and stress distribution under different conditions is studied.It reveals the roadway surrounding rock burst evolution process,and obtains five kinds of failure modes in deep soft rock roadway.Using the fuzzy mathematics clustering analysis method,the deep soft surrounding rock failure model in Zhujixi mine can be classified and patterns recognized.Compared to the identification results and the results detected by geological radar of surrounding rock loose circle,the reliability of the results of the pattern recognition is verified and lays the foundations for the support design of deep soft rock roadways.     

Double-directional control bolt support technology and engineering application at large span Y-type intersections in deep coal mines

Under deep and complex geological conditions,severe deformation occurs at intersection points of Y-type roadways with large cross sections during engineering projects in coal mines,especially at junction arches.Based on in-situ investigations and theoretical studies,we have summarized typical forms of destruction and identified high stress and unrestricted support at both sides of junction arch as its main causes.In this study,we also presented double-directional control bolt support technology for a large Y-type span intersection,applied to deep intersection engineering in the Jiahe Coal Mine,which has proved effective.