从氧化铜矿氨浸出液中萃取铜的研究

将原本用于从酸浸出液中萃取铜的萃取剂LIX84-I用来从氨浸出液中萃取铜,获得了成功,并实现了工业化生产．实验室研究表明,在萃取原液含铜浓度3g／L,pH〉4．22,相比1：1,氨浓度1．5mol／L,混合时间3min的条件下,LIX84-I是从氨浸出液中萃取铜的有效萃取剂,萃取率可达到99．9％．在工业生产中发现,将氨浸出液中固体微粒的含量控制在不超过120mg／L和维持二氧化碳浓度不低于O．5mol／L．是保证生产上铜萃取作业顺利进行的必要条件．用电积残液（酸浓度约200g／L）返回反萃作业作为反萃剂使用,可以进行铜的反萃,反萃率可达到99．94％．     

Solvent extraction of copper and zinc from bioleaching solutions with LIX984 and D2EHPA

The solvent extraction of copper and zinc from the bioleaching solutions of low-grade sulfide ores with LIX984 and D2EHPA was investigated. The influences of extractant content, aqueous pH value, phase ratio and equilibration time on metals extraction were studied. The results show that LIX984 has a higher selectivity for copper than for iron, zinc and other metals, and has the copper extraction rate above 97%, while the zinc and iron extraction rate is less than 1.6% respectively. Zinc extraction is carried out following the copper extraction from the raffinate. The zinc extraction with di(2-ethylhexyl) phosphoric acid(D2EHPA) is low due to its poor cation exchange. A sodium salt of D2EHPA is used and the zinc extraction rate is enhanced to above 98%. Though iron (Ⅲ) is strongly extracted before the extraction of zinc by D2EHPA, it is difficult to strip iron from the organic phase by sulfuric acid. The zinc stripping rate is above 99% with 100 g/L sulfuric acid, while that of iron is 0.16%. Hence,the separation of zinc from iron can be achieved by the selective stripping.     

Solvent extraction of zinc from zinc sulfate solution

The extraction of zinc from zinc sulfate solution was investigated, using 20% saponified D2EHPA as an extractant and 260^# sulfonate kerosene as a diluent. The solution was stirred for 8 min at phase ratio (V _o/V _a) of 1.0:1.0, initial pH of 2.0 and stirring speed of 200 r/min. The results show that 75% zinc can be extracted from the zinc sulfate solution when the concentration of zinc is 18.7 g/L after being settled for 10 min. 88.60% zinc can be stripped by 196 g/L sulfuric acid, and zinc ion can be separated from ferric ion.     

硫化锌精矿中镓锗在高压氧浸中的浸出行为研究

试验研究了硫化锌精矿中镓、锗在高压氧浸中的浸出行为,考察确定了酸锌的量比,浸出时间,浸出液初始Fe(II)离子浓度,木质素添加量,矿石粒度,温度等因素对各元素浸出率的影响。结果表明,锗与锌的浸出行为较为一致;而镓与铁的浸出行为密切相关,使铁充分浸出并保持浸出液具有足够的酸度,防止高温下Fe(II)离子的氧化水解,是提高金属镓浸出率的关键。对富含镓、锗等稀散金属的硫化锌精矿,采用两段逆流流程浸出,既可保证镓、锗浸出率在80%以上,又能使得一段浸出后液酸度(H2SO4)<20 g/L,从而有利于其后续的中和。     

Zinc bioleaching from an iron concentrate using Acidithiobacillusferrooxidans strain from Hercules Mine of Coahuila, Mexico

The iron concentrate from Hercules Mine of Coahuila,Mexico,which mainly contained pyrite and pyrrhotite,was treated by the bioleaching process using native strain Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans(A.ferrooxidans)to determime the ability of these bacteria on the leaching of zinc.The native bacteria were isolated from the iron concentrate of the mine.The bioleaching experiments were carried out in shake flasks to analyze the effects of pH values,pulp density,and the ferrous sulfate concentration on the bioleaching process.The results obtained by microbial kinetic analyses for the evaluation of some aspects of zinc leaching show that the native bacteria A.ferrooxidans,which is enriched with a 9K Silverman medium under the optimum conditions ofpH 2.0,20 g/L pulp density,and 40 g/L FeSO4,increases the zinc extraction considerably observed by monitoring duringl 5 d,i.e.,the zinc concentration has a decrease of about 95％ in the iron concentrate.     

碱浸条件下杂质离子对锌电积的影响

针对贫杂铅锌矿碱浸工艺,系统地分析电解过程杂质离子CO3^2-、SO4^2-、SiO3^2-、F^-、CL^-、S2^-对电解金属锌粉的影响．实验结果表明：CO3^2-、SO4^2-、SiO3^2-、F^-离。子对电解金属锌粉没有明显影响,Cl^-离子浓度宜控制在20g／L以下基本上满足GB／T6890—2000国家标准的锌粉三级标准,S^2-离子对电解金属锌粉影响比较显著,即使在S^2-微量的条件下金属锌粉的品质下降了近5％．     

Bioleaching of marmatite using moderately thermophilic bacteria

The process of bioleaching marmatite using moderately thermophilic bacteria was studied by comparing marmatite leaching performance of mesophiles and moderate thermophiles and valuating the effect of venting capacity as well as pulp density on marmatite leaching performance of moderate thermophiles. The results show that moderate thermophiles have more advantages over mesophilies in bioleaching marmatite at 45℃ and the pulp density of 50 g/L, and the zinc extraction efficiency reaches 93.1% in 20 d. Aeration agitation can improve the transfer of O2 and CO2 in solution and promote the growth of bacteria and therefore, enhance the leaching efficiency. Under the venting levels of 50, 200 and 800 mL/min, the zinc extraction efficiencies by moderate thermophiles are 57.8%, 92.5% and 96.0%, respectively. With the increase of pulp density, the total leaching amount of valuable metals increases, however, the extraction efficiency decreases due to many reasons, such as increasing shear force leading to poorly growth condition for bacteria, etc. The zinc extraction decreases remarkably to 58.9% while the pulp density mounts up 20%.     

由锌焙砂制备活性氧化锌的研究

以锌焙砂为原料，经氨浸，除杂，沉锌，干燥，煅烧等工序制取了活性氧化锌．采用正交设计确定制备过程的最佳技术条件，使锌的浸出率达95％以上，总回收率达90％．产品中活性氧化锌的含量为99．4％，比表面积为75m^2／g，产品质量达到HG／72572-94一等品标准．该工艺具有操作简单、稳定、可靠、适应性强以及锌的转化回收率高、“三废”少、环境污染小、成本低、产品质量好等特点．     

Leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system

The leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system was studied. The effects of ore particle size,reaction temperature and the sum concentration of ammonium ion and ammonia on the leaching efficiency of zinc were examined.The leaching kinetics of low-grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system follows the kinetic law of shrinking-core model. The results show that diffusion through the inert particle pores is the leaching kinetics rate controlling step. The calculated apparent activation energy of the process is about 7.057kJ/mol. The leaching efficiency of zinc is 92.1% under the conditions of ore particle size of 69μm, holding at 80℃ for 60min, sum ammonia concentration of 7.5mol/L, the molar ratio of ammonium to ammonia being 2:1, and the ratio (g/mL) of solid to liquid being 1:10.     

硫氰酸盐法从高铜硫化金矿中浸取金银的研究

本文对含高钢硫化浮选精金矿，采用新的硫氰酸盐法浸取金银，对影响浸取金的因素进行了仔细的研究，并与传统的氰化法做了比较，结果表明此法对难处理的高铜金矿有较高的浸取率，浸取速度快，浸取剂性质稳定，基本上不污染环境，是一个很有前途的提金方法。     

Extraction of nickel from molybdenum leaching residue of metalliferous black shale by segregation roasting and acid leaching

The recovery of nickel from molybdenum leach residue by the process of segregation roasting-sulfuric acid leaching-solvent extraction was investigated. The residue was characterized by microscopic investigations, using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) and X-ray diffractometry (XRD) techniques and the residue after segregation roasting was characterized by chemical phase analysis method. A series of experiments were conducted to examine the mass ratio of activated carbon (AC) to the residue, segregation roasting time and temperature, sulfuric acid concentration, liquid-to-solid ratio, leaching time, leaching temperature, addition amount of 30% H₂O₂, stirring speed (a constant) on the leaching efficiency of nickel. A maximum nickel leaching efficiency of 90.5% is achieved with the mass ratio of AC to the residue of 1:2.5, segregation roasting time of 2 h, segregation roasting temperature of 850 °C, sulfuric acid concentration of 4.5 mol/L, liquid-to-solid ratio of 6:1, leaching time of 5 h, leaching temperature of 80 °C, addition of 30% H₂O₂ of 0.6 mL for 1 g dry residue. Under these optimized conditions, the average leaching efficiency of nickel is 89.3%. The nickel extraction efficiency in the examined conditions is about 99.6%, and the nickel stripping efficiency in the examined conditions is about 99.2%.     

湿法炼锌除钴锌渣硫酸浸出液中高锰酸钾氧化沉钴热力学分析

锌湿法冶金生产中除钴产出的锌渣尚含有大量的锌钴等有色金属资源,这种渣用硫酸浸出后锌钴等有色金属进入浸出液中,可用高锰酸钾等氧化剂将钴氧化沉淀而从含锌溶液中分离出来.用电极电势理论和能斯特方程对此除钴过程进行了热力学分析,结果表明:高锰酸根的氧化对溶液中杂质Fe2 、Mn2 、Co2 的去除是可行的,可以达到工业生产对杂质的浓度要求;对于N i2 只能进行部分氧化.氧化过程中溶液pH对钴的沉淀效果具有决定性影响,pH低于4时沉淀效果将显著降低.     

Supported liquid membrane extraction to treat coal gasification wastewater containing high concentrations phenol

The hollow fiber supported liquid membrane extraction was introduced to treat coal gasification wastewater to recover phenolic compounds,with tributyl phosphate (TBP) as carrier,kerosene as the membrane solvent,sodium hydroxide solution as the stripping agent and PVDF as the membrane material. Factors having strong impact on the extraction efficiency were studied in detail,including the mass transfer mode,twophase flow rate,stripping phase concentration. As extraction system with 20% TBP-kerosene,parallel flow mass transfer,stripping phase concentration 0.1 mol/L,the optimal operating conditions could be obtained. Under the optimum operating conditions,the time required to reach equilibrium for the extraction is 50 min, and extraction efficiency of phenol is 86. 2% and the phenol concentration of effluent is 98.64 mg/L.     

低品位氧化锌矿在NH_3-NH_4HCO_3-H_2O体系中的浸出动力学研究（英文）

对高钙低品位氧化锌矿在NH3-NH4HCO3-H2O体系中的浸出动力学进行了系统研究.研究结果表明,氧化锌矿浸出过程遵循＂未反应核缩减＂模型,即遵循动力学方程：1-（1-α）1/3=k.t.反应的表观活化能Ea=6.489 kJ/mol,浸出过程由外扩散过程控制.增强搅拌强度、提高总氨浓度及反应温度均可加快该矿石中锌的浸出速率,并在一定范围内提高锌的浸出速率.     

Extracting indium and preparing ferric oxide for soft magnetic ferrite materials from zinc calcine reduction lixivium

A hydrometallurgical process for indium extraction and ferric oxide powder preparation for soft magnetic ferrite material was developed.Using reduction lixivium from high-acid reductive leaching of zinc oxide calcine as raw solution,copper and indium were firstly recovered by iron powder cementation and neutralization.The recovery ratios of Cu and In are 99% and 95%,respectively.Some harmful impurities that have negative influences on magnetic properties of soft magnetic ferrite material are deeply removed ...     

盐酸对冶金污泥中铜锌镉铅的浸出工艺优化

为了能够充分回收利用冶金污泥中的有价金属,采用盐酸作为浸取剂浸出污泥中的重金属,并进行浸出工艺的优化.首先对污泥性质进行分析,分别采用烘干法测定冶金污泥的含水率,用X射线荧光光谱仪测定试样中金属成分及质量分数,用X射线衍射仪对试样中各元素的物相特征进行定性和定量分析.结果显示:污泥含水率为75.88%;干污泥含铜和锌的质量分数分别是1.51%和1.71%;污泥矿物相中铜主要以单质形式存在,锌主要以闪锌矿形式存在.然后采用盐酸作浸取剂,在单因素条件下进行浸出反应.研究了冶金污泥中铜、锌、镉、铅等重金属的浸出规律,并考察了浸出温度、浸出时间、盐酸浓度、液固比、粒径等因素对浸出率的影响.盐酸浸出污泥中重金属最佳工艺参数:浸出温度为25℃,浸出时间为10 min,盐酸浓度为1mol/L,液固比为25∶1(mL/g),干污泥粒度小于150μm.在此条件下,铜、锌、镉、铅的浸出率可分别达到84.4%、88.1%、98.8%、85.4%.盐酸浸出最佳工艺条件的确定,对工业应用有一定实用价值.     

高硅氧化锌矿浸出工艺的研究

针对高硅氧化锌矿的处理进行了研究,提出了二段循环酸浸的湿法冶金工艺.通过条件优化实验确定一、二段浸出条件分别为:始酸浓度75g/L、温度70℃、液固比6∶1、浸出时间1.5 h;始酸浓度18g/L、温度60℃、液固比3∶1、浸出时间0.5 h.本试验采用一段六轮循环浸出及二段三轮循环浸出,运行稳定,锌的总浸出率达到93.4%.     

Study on removing zinc from nickel electrolyte by ion-exchange

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锌灰制活性氧化锌工艺的研究

以炼锌厂废锌灰为原料,经硫酸浸取,用络合滴定法测定浸出液中锌含量以考察不同条件下锌的溶出;用分光光度法测定溶液中铁的含量,并考察使用不同氧化剂的除铁效果．实验结果表明：锌灰在３３３Ｋ温度下用浓度为２０ｍｏｌ·Ｌ－１的硫酸浸取４ｈ,反应终了溶液的ｐＨ值控制在１７左右,则锌灰中锌的溶出率可达９３３４％;以过氧化氢及次氯酸盐为氧化剂的除铁效果较好     

Leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system

The leaching kinetics of low grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system was studied. The effects of ore particle size, reaction temperature and the sum concentration of ammonium ion and ammonia on the leaching efficiency of zinc were examined. The leaching kinetics of low-grade zinc oxide ore in NH3-NH4Cl-H2O system follows the kinetic law of shrinking-core model. The results show that diffusion through the inert particle pores is the leaching kinetics rate controlling step. The calculated apparent activation energy of the process is about 7.057 kJ/mol. The leaching efficiency of zinc is 92.1% under the conditions of ore particle size of 69μm, holding at 80℃ for 60 min, sum ammonia concentration of 7.5 mol/L, the molar ratio of ammonium to ammonia being 2：1, and the ratio （g/mL） of solid to liquid being 1：10.