FMEA技术在危险源辨识、风险评价、风险控制策划中的应用

许多组织在建立职业健康安全管理体系时，多采用现场调查法、安全检查法(SCL)、事件树分析法(ETA)、故障树分析法(FTA)等进行危险源辨识，采用生产现场危害分析法(LEC)、法律法规判断法进行风险评价，然后根据评价结果进行风险控制措施的策划。由于上述三项工作分开进行，往往造成前后脱     

单分散亚微HZSM-5分子筛的制备及其环己烯水合性能

以硝酸铝(Al(NO3)3)、正硅酸乙酯(TEOS)、四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)等为原料,采用动态水热合成法合成了高结晶度亚微HZSM-分子筛.通过X射线衍射(XRD)表征证明了采用动态水热合成法合成的HZSM-5分子筛结晶度较高.通过扫描电镜( SEM)观察了晶化温度、pH调节剂、添加表面活性剂以及晶化时间对HZS...     

化学共沉淀法制备纳米钛酸钡的研究

采用化学共沉淀法和溶胶-凝胶法两种液相反应法制备了纳米BaTiO3;使用透射电子显微镜(TEM)与X-射线衍射(XRD)技术等手段表征了粉体粒子的形貌、粒径及粒径分布,从而将化学共沉淀法与溶胶-凝胶法进行了对比,并择优选择了化学共沉淀法制备纳米BaTiO3;重点研究了各种工艺条件对产物粒径、粒径分布、微粒形貌等物性的影响规律,探索了适宜的制备工艺条件.实验结果表明:以钛酸四丁酯(TNB)为起始原料,采用草酸共沉淀法可成功地制备纳米钛酸钡;采用适宜的起始原料配比、反应温度、反应时间、煅烧条件等反应条件,可制得平均粒径为(30～50)nm且粒径分布较均匀的钛酸钡微粒.     

NaLa_(1-x)Tb_x(MoO_4)_2的燃烧法制备及发光性能研究

采用燃烧法合成了系列NaLa(1-x)Tbx(MoO4)2绿色荧光粉。分别采用XRD和荧光分光光度计表征了合成样品的结构和发光性能,系统研究了煅烧温度及Tb3+的掺杂量对所得荧光粉物相组成及发光性能的影响。结果表明:采用燃烧法制备的NaLa(1-x)-Tbx(MoO4)2绿色荧光粉结晶良好、晶相单一、在280nm波长激发下具有良好的发光性能。确定煅烧温度为1 000℃,Tb3+的掺杂量x=0.5时发光效果最强。作为对照,采用高温固相法合成了NaLa0.5Tb0.5(MoO4)2荧光粉,结果表明,采用燃烧法合成的NaLa0.5-Tb0.5(MO4)2荧光粉具有更高的发光强度,并且大大缩短了煅烧时间。     

芦丁/羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物的表征及其抗氧化能力研究

采用溶液法制备芦丁/羟丙基-β-环糊精包合物,以提高芦丁的水溶性,并采用紫外(UV)、红外(IR)、X-射线衍射(XRD)等方法对该包合物的结构进行了表征.结果表明:该包合物在DPPH自由基清除试验、还原力测定和Rancimat法中都显示出较强的抗氧化能力.     

广义Pareto分布下风险值估计

采用适当的统计方法来估计广义Pareto的分布参数，对于计算基于极值理论的风险值(VaR)具有重要的理论和现实意义．一般采用最大似然法(MLM)对它的参数进行估计，作者采用和McNeil，Frey相似的方法选择域值后，分别采用最大似然法、概率权重矩法(PWM)和矩法(MoM)对广义Pareto分布的参数进行了估计．并对上证指数的VaR进行了相应计算，最后对结果进行后验比较分析，探讨了不同估计方法的适用规律．     

对氨基苯甲酸铜(Ⅱ)的室温固相合成与表征

研究了固相研磨法在制备金属有机配合物中的应用,采用室温固相研磨法一步合成得到对氨基苯甲酸铜(Ⅱ)配合物。借助元素分析、粉末X射线衍射、红外光谱以及热分析技术对产物进行结构表征,确定对氨基苯甲酸铜(Ⅱ)配合物的分子结构为Cu(p-NH2C6H4COO)2。采用基于扫描电镜的显示液相法、固相研磨法和添加表面活性剂PEG400进行研磨,得到对氨基苯甲酸铜(Ⅱ)配合物的形貌分别为仙人球型、团絮状和棒簇状。研究结果表明:固相研磨法在反应时间和收率上都明显优于液相法。     

NaCl-CaCl_2-Na_2WO_4体系电解制备钨粉过程表征

采用NaCl-CaCl2-Na2WO4体系熔盐电解制备金属钨粉,采用X射线衍射法(XRD)及能谱分析(EDS)表征电极产物并采用差热法(DTA)分析体系中发生的前置化学反应.采用循环伏安法和残余电动势法分析阳极过程和过电位变化规律.结果表明:800℃、槽电压2.5 V条件下以石墨为电极可以电解制得钨粉,活性物质为电解前置反应产物CaWO4;阳极总反应不可逆,阳极过程为化学反应极化控制.     

轴流式喷水推进泵水力设计和性能检验

基于Matlab-Simulink建立了一套轴流式喷水推进泵计算机辅助设计(CAD)程序(其中叶轮采用升力法设计,导叶采用流线法设计),实现了其水力设计参数的快速选择与计算,直接得到了叶片流面的空间坐标,可方便进行三维几何造型.采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法,通过建立计算域、划分高质量结构化网格、定义边界条件、数值计算...     

新松弛法与泡点法结合用于低温含氢体系的模拟计算

采用新松弛法 (NR)与泡点法 (BP)结合对深冷净化精馏塔进行了模拟计算 .计算结果表明 ,该法具有初值要求不高、收敛稳定、收敛速度快等优点 ,并与文献设计值吻合很好     

溶胶-凝胶法制备BiFeO3:Y3+纳米粉末及其光催化性能研究

多功能铁电材料是近年来的热门材料,为了研究铁电材料在光催化中的应用,通过溶胶-凝胶法在空气氛围下制备了铁酸铋（BiFeO₃）和不同Y³⁺掺杂浓度（Bi_1–xY_xFeO₃）的纳米粉体材料。通过X射线衍射仪（X-ray diffraction,XRD）,扫描电镜（scanning electron microscopy,SEM）和X射线光电子能谱（X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,XPS）表征了样品的结构、形貌和表面化学组成等物理化学性质。并利用分光光度计和光化学反应实验测试了样品的吸收谱和在紫外灯照射下的光催化效果。研究发现,掺杂Y³⁺不会改变晶格结构,但是减小了晶粒尺寸和禁带宽度。同时,根据O 1s的XPS窄谱扫描的拟合分析发现,引入Y³⁺可以有效提高氧空位的含量,而氧空位可以降低空穴-电子对的复合率,提高载流子利用率。因此,掺杂Y³⁺可以提高BiFeO₃的光催化效率,使其成为一种很有潜力的光催化材料。     

GP Algorithm-Based Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum Trend Term Removal Model

Trend term removal is a key step in Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR) data pre-processing. The most commonly used least squares (LS) method, although satisfying the real-time requirement, has many problems such as highly correlated initial values of the expression parameters, the need to pre-estimate the trend term shape, and poor fitting accuracy at low signal-to-noise ratios. In order to achieve real-time and robust trend term removal, a new trend term removal method using genetic programming (GP) in symbolic regression is constructed in this paper, and the FTIR simulation interference results and experimental measurement data for common volatile organic compounds (VOCs) gases are analyzed. The results show that the genetic programming algorithm can both reduce the initial value requirement and greatly improve the trend term accuracy by 20%–30% in three evaluation indicators, which is suitable for gas FTIR detection in complex scenarios.     

结合PCA和ICA的脑磁信号消噪研究

基于二阶统计特性的主分量分解(PCA)和基于高阶统计特性的独立成分分析(ICA)是盲源分离信号处理中两种最为典型的方法．针对多通道脑磁信号的消噪问题,提出一种基于PCA与ICA相结合的信号消噪新算法．首先通过对脑磁信号进行主分量分解来降低信号维数,去掉其中包含的冗余成分,使计算时间缩短到原来的10％;进而利用自适应最大熵独立成分分析算法对降维后的数据进行二次分解,提取出脑磁信号中含有的干扰分量,使信噪比从10dB提高到80dB,达到对信号进行消噪的目的．     

基于广义主成分分析的步态识别算法研究

步态识别是根据人行走方式的不同对人的身份进行识别的.通过背景减除实现人体检测,运用形态学操作和图形几何变换实现了图像的标准中心化.在特征提取阶段使用步态能量图(GEI)来描述每个步态序列,分别使用主成分分析、二维主成分分析、完全的二维主成分分析以及加权完全的二维主成分分析对特征进行降维,最后采用最近邻分类器来测试识别结果作对比研究.实验结果表明权衡计算量和识别率,二维主成分分析对于GEI的步态识别比较有效,识别率可达95.43%.     

Interface chemical states of NiO/NiFe films and their effects on magnetic properties

Ta/NiOx/Ni81Fe19/Ta multilayers were prepared by rf reactive and dc magnetron sputtering. The exchange coupling field ( Hex) and the coercivity ( Hc) of NiOx/Ni81Fe19 as a function of the ratio of Ar to O2 during the deposition process were studied. The composition and chemical states at the interface region of NiOx/NiFe were also investigated using the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and peak decomposition technique. The results show that the ratio of Ar to O2 has great effect on the nickel chemical states in NiOx film. When the ratio of Ar to O2 is equal to 7 and the argon sputtering pressure is 0.57 Pa, the x value is approximately 1 and the valence of nickel is + 2. At this point, NiOx is antiferromagnetic NiO and the corresponding Hex is the largest. As the ratio of Ar/O2 deviates from 7, the exchange coupling field ( Hex) will decrease due to the presence of magnetic impurities such as Ni +3 or metallic Ni at the interface region of NiOx/NiFe, while the coercivity ( Hc) will increase due to     

Time Slice Analysis Method Based on OTCA Used in fMRI Weak Signal Function Extraction

The original temporal clustering analysis (OTCA) is an effective technique for obtaining brain activation maps when the timing and location of the activation are completely unknown, but its deficiency of sensitivity is exposed in processing brain activat     

Grey Relational Analysis Coupled with Principal Component Analysis Method For Optimization Design of Novel Crash Box Structure

Crashworthiness and lightweight optimization design of the crash box are studied in this paper. For the initial model, a physical test was performed to verify the model. Then, a parametric model using mesh morphing technology is used to optimize and decrease the maximum collision force (MCF) and increase specific energy absorption (SEA) while ensure mass is not increased. Because MCF and SEA are two conflicting objectives, grey relational analysis (GRA) and principal component analysis (PCA) are employed for design optimization of the crash box. Furthermore, multi-objective analysis can convert to a single objective using the grey relational grade (GRG) simultaneously, hence, the proposed method can obtain the optimal combination of design parameters for the crash box. It can be concluded that the proposed method decreases the MCF and weight to 16.7% and 29.4% respectively, while increasing SEA to 16.4%. Meanwhile, the proposed method in comparison to the conventional NSGA-Ⅱ method, reduces the time cost by 103%. Hence, the proposed method can be properly applied to the optimization of the crash box.     

Characterization of polyhydroxyalkanoates synthesized in activated sludge using three carbon sources

Polyhydroxyalkanoates(PHAs) were synthesized in activated sludge using three types of carbon sources (sodium acetate,sodium propionate and sodium butyrate), and their characterization were studied. It was shown that the content of PHA synthesized by microorganisms in activated sludge were different. The biggest synthetic amount up to 36.7% of VSS was obtained when sodium acetate was used as carbon source. The polymer yield was lower when using sodium propionate as the carbon source than when using others, with 25.1% of VSS, while resulted in an increase of hydroxyvalerate(HV) units produced. The structure and thermal properties of extracted biopolymers were analyzed by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and themo-gravimetry (TG).     

基于鉴别能力分析和LDA-LPP算法的人脸识别

针对人脸识别中的DCT系数选择问题和如何从全局和局部同时提取识别特征的问题,提出了一种基于鉴别能力分析和LDA-LPP的人脸识别算法。即先对人脸图像进行DCT变换,利用鉴别能力分析方法进行DCT系数的选择,融合LDA和LPP降维技术进行降维处理,不仅可以保持数据的全局性,同时也能够保持数据的局部性。在ORL人脸库和Yale人脸库上的实验表明,本文方法可以选择有效的DCT系数,明显提高了识别精度和鲁棒性。     

直接LDA在人脸识别中的鉴别力分析

直接线性鉴别分析(DLDA)曾被声明利用类内离散矩阵零空间内外所有鉴别信息,为了分析声明的理论缺陷,对DLDA在人脸识别中的鉴别特性进行了研究.鉴于DLDA是在类间离散矩阵列空间中寻找最优解,理论分析从下面3方面内容展开:类间和类内离散矩阵的列空间之间的关系、类间离散矩阵列空间与类内离散矩阵零空间的关系以及在保留全部鉴别矢量下的DLDA特性,结果表明,在小样本条件下,DLDA几乎没利用零空间内的信息,导致一些有用的鉴别信息的丢失;若保留全部的鉴别矢量,DLDA退化为类间离散矩阵的保留所有非零成分的主成分分析.在人脸数据库ORL和YALE上的比较实验结果显示:DLDA的识别率都次于其它几种线性鉴别分析扩展方法,与理论分析一致.