Preparation of PLGA ceftiofur hydrochlorate lungtargeted microsphere with spray drying process

To explore the preparation of PLGA ceftiofur hydrochlorate lung-targeted microsphere with spray drying process, the preparation technics was optimized by orthogonal experiments. Appearance, particle size, drug-loaded properties and medicine dissolution rate of the microsphere were evaluated. The experimental results show that the prepared PLGA microspheres loaded with ceftiofur hydrochlorate have good appearance, good encapsulate rate and dissolution. The drug loading capacity of ceftiofur-hydrochlorate-loaded PLGA microsphere prepared with spray drying process is 23.06%, i e, when the dosing ratio is 1：3, the encapsulate rate is 92.23% at maximum, and the release percentage of medicine is at 0.5 h. The medicine is released almost completely at 20 h and the accumulated medicine release is 98.12%.     

Optimization of the process of gelatin-ceftiofur sodium microspheres

Gelatin microsphere(GMS) was prepared through W/O emulsion chemical-crossline method.The best formula was selected by examining its appearance,size,drug carrier and drug dissolution rate.The experimental results showed that the optimized gelatin microspheres were spherical ball with smooth surface and had well dispersion.The average size of blank gelatin microspheres was 15.84 μm,while the loaded microspheres'average diameter were 33.10 μm.It was also shown that drug loading of microspheres increased with increasing loading capacity,but drug encapsulation efficiency had a trend of climbing up and then decline.The encapsulation efficiency reached the maximum when the dosage ratio was 2:1.And the results show ceftiofur sodium microspheres have sustained release in the PBS buffer of pH7.4.     

Preparation and characterization of chitosan microsphere loading bovine serum albumin

To optimize the preparation process of chitosan microspheres and study its loading capacity, chitosan microsphere was prepared by crosslinking with glutaraldehyde, and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was absorbed onto chitosan microsphere. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FITR), TA instruments and zeta potentiometer analyzer were used to characterize the parameters with respect to size, thermal characters, morphology, and zeta potential of the microspheres. The loading capability and in vitro release tests were carried out. The results showed that chitosan microsphere with particle size less than 10 μm and positively charged (+25.97±0.56 mV) can be obtained under the aldehyde group to amino group ratio at 1:1. A loading capacity of BSA at 28.63±0.15 g/100 g with corresponding loading efficiency at 72.01±1.44% was obtained for chitosan microsphere. In vitro test revealed a burst release followed by sustained-release profile.     

壳聚糖／明胶磁性微球的反相悬浮乳液包埋法制备研究

在油包水（W／O）体系中,采用反相悬浮乳液包埋法,以戊二醛为交联剂,实现了壳聚糖和明胶（Gs／Gel）微球对Fe304磁性粒子的包裹．其制备的磁性微球粒径在3～8μm范围,分散性和磁响应性良好;磁性微球可较好地吸附BSA和亲和层析兔抗β-CNIgG,对后者的吸附率在48h稳定后可达到42．75％,为实验室制备高质量免疫磁性微球奠定了基础．     

丹皮酚缓释微球的制备及体内外相关性研究

制备具有固体分散结构的丹皮酚缓释微球,并考察其体内外相关性。采用乳化溶剂扩散法制备丹皮酚缓释微球,考察微球的外观、载药量、包封率及体外释放行为。并以丹皮酚原料药为对照,根据大鼠的体内药物动力学试验结果,考察自制微球的体内外相关性。药物在37℃蒸馏水中12 h释放达到85%以上,大鼠体内的药动学实验表明,制得的丹皮酚缓释微球的体外释放累积百分数与体内吸收分数相关系数较好（r=0.977 5）,生物利用度是丹皮酚原料药的136.81%。该方法较适用于难溶性药物制备缓释微球。     

羟丙基壳聚糖-胰岛素微球的制备及性能

以壳聚糖和环氧丙烷为原料合成了羟丙基壳聚糖,并以此为壳材,以胰岛素为芯材,制备了平均粒径为13．34μm的微球,并通过红外光谱、DSC和扫描电子显微镜对产物的结构进行了表征．结果发现,当搅拌速度为400r／min,HPCS的用量为叫（HPCS）-8％,交联剂戊二醛的体积分数Ф=0．25％（对液体石蜡）时,所制备的微球表面光滑、致密、平均粒径适中,且其包埋率较高,室温下稳定．     

新型耐温聚合物微球的封堵特性研究

采用扫描电子显微镜、激光粒度仪和微孔滤膜过滤实验研究了一种双交联结构新型耐温聚合物微球的形态、溶胀性能、耐温性能及封堵性能。结果表明,微球原始形态为表面较为光滑的圆球形,粒径主要分布在200~300 nm,微球在矿化度10 000 mg/L的水溶液中140 ℃下溶胀30 d后约溶胀了5倍。随着溶胀时间、溶胀温度和微球浓度的增加,微球对微孔滤膜的封堵能力逐渐增强,140 ℃下溶胀30 d的微球封堵效果最强;随着滤膜孔径的增大,微球封堵效果减弱。微球在140 ℃下溶胀30 d后依然具有良好的封堵性能,说明微球具有良好的耐温性。     

聚合物微球水化动态特征及其渗流特性研究

针对渤海油藏调驱技术实际需求,开展了聚合物微球水化动态特征及其渗流特性研究。结果表明,随水化时间延长,聚合物微球吸水膨胀倍数增加,最终膨胀倍数为4.5倍左右。当水化时间低于50 h时,膨胀速度较快,之后膨胀速度减缓,360 h后达到稳定。与聚合物溶液中分子聚集体尺寸分布相比较,2种聚合物微球粒径分布范围都比较集中,其中10^#微球初始粒径中值为4.36 μm,水化240 h后为20.00 μm左右;11^#微球初始粒径中值为8.45 μm,水化360 h后为40.00 μm,膨胀倍数为4.72。在聚合物微球注入岩心过程中,颗粒间黏连和孔隙过滤作用会造成微球在岩心端面滞留和暂堵,进而引起微球注入过程中压力异常升高。在岩石孔隙内,聚合物微球可以进一步水化膨胀,表现出“运移-捕集-再运移-再捕集……”渗流特性。     

α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶的磁性固定化条件研究

采用分散聚合法,在Fe3O4磁流体存在下,通过PVA分子单体共聚制备出磁性聚乙烯醇微球。微球粒径分布在2.5×10-2~5×10-2μm,其中3.7×10-2~4.1×10-2μm的微球占总微球的44%,制备微球粒径分布均匀。以磁性聚乙烯醇微球为载体,通过戊二醛交联法进行ALDC的固定化,制备固定化酶,并对其固定化条件进行了初步研究。结果显示,在酶固定化过程中,自由酶的添加量为20 mL/g微球,戊二醛的添加量为0.98%。在其固定化最佳条件下,制备的固定化ALDC的活力为65 180 U/g,而且其比活、活性回收率分别可达872.32 U/mg和42.33%。     

Preparation and in vitro release properties of mercaptopurine drug-loaded magnetic microspheres

Magnetic Fe304 nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation method and the mercaptopurine （MER） drug-loaded magnetic microspheres were obtained through emulsion cross-linking methods. The efficiency of this approach was evaluated in terms of drug loading content （DLC）, encapsulation efficiency （EE） and delivery properties in vitro, determined by high performance liquid chromatograph （HPLC）. The microspheres showed good DLC values of 11.8%, as well as good EE values of 79.4%. The in vitro drug release study was carried out in phosphate buffer solution （PBS） simulated body fluid, at 37 ~C with pH=7.4. The release profiles showed an initial fast release rate, which decreased as time progressed and about 84 % had been released after 48 h. The experimental results indicated that the prepared magnetic microspheres may be useful for potential applications of MER for magnetically targeted chemotherapy.     

延时膨胀聚合物微球制备及天然气驱封窜性能研究

长庆油田某区块非均质性较强,地层中有大孔道、微裂缝和高渗透条带,在实施天然气驱过程中气窜风险较高,而传统聚合物微球吸水膨胀速率快,易剪切破碎,封堵强度低。针对这些缺点,通过引入激活交联剂,采用反相乳液聚合法合成了一种延时膨胀聚合物微球,并采用激光粒度仪、偏光显微镜等手段对其进行了结构表征;通过室内实验,系统评价了延时膨胀聚合物微球的抗温性、抗盐性、溶胀性、稳定性和天然气封堵性。结果表明,延时膨胀聚合物微球抗温85 ℃,抗盐100 000 mg/L,延时7 d膨胀,粒径扩大倍数达到5.5,并长期保持稳定,稳定性大于6个月,封堵率大于92.0%,可用于地层深部微裂缝和高渗条带的封堵作业。     

微米级壳聚糖微球的制备

利用液体石蜡作有机分散介质、戊二醛作交联剂,通过反相悬浮交联法制备了微米级壳聚糖微球,并研究了反应条件对壳聚糖微球制备的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖溶液质量分数为4.5%、液体石蜡和壳聚糖溶液两相体积比1∶1.5、Span-80在油相中的质量浓度为9.0mg/mL、戊二醛和壳聚糖溶液体积比1∶20、搅拌转速大于800r/min时,SEM表明所制备产物是粒径10μm的壳聚糖微球。壳聚糖微球对活性物质具有一定的吸附能力。     

纳米卡拉胶微球的制备

利用 Span 80作表面活性剂 ,正丁醇作助表面活性剂制得反相微乳液。将天然海洋高分子κ-卡拉胶进行酸水解使其分子量降低 ,通过反相乳液法对水解后的κ-卡拉胶进行分散并用甲醛和戊二醛进行交联 ,制备卡拉胶微球 ,利用 TEM、IR研究了卡拉胶微球的粒度和分子结构变化。 TEM显示 :低分子量的卡拉胶能够得到纳米级的卡拉胶微球 ,粒径约为 40 nm,添加正丁醇有助于卡拉胶的分散。 IR光谱证明了甲醛和戊二醛在卡拉胶微球内部发生了羟醛缩合反应 ,产生了交联     

多重介质聚合物微球调驱机理研究及应用

安塞油田自2016年起开展聚合物微球调驱工作,先后经历先导试验、扩大试验和规模推广三个阶段,实施区域转未实施区域阶段递减率可降低5%左右,整体效果明显,但在不同储层条件下的适应性及应用效果具有较大差异,为研究聚合物微球在多重介质条件下的作用机理,开展了60组不同粒径聚合物微球在不同介质条件下的驱替试验,应用实验数据与现场矿场应用结合的方法系统总结微球调驱机理（渗流机理、改变流向机理）,微球粒径与储层微裂缝、孔喉匹配关系,为后期施工参数优化提供依据。     

阿司匹林磁性壳聚糖微球的研制

利用壳聚糖的生物相容性,以Fe3O4作为磁性内核,以戊二醛作为交联剂,固载了阿司匹林,研制出阿司匹林磁性聚糖微球.对此磁性微球的大小、形态、含量和体外释药进行研究.结果表明,用此法研制的磁性微球成球性能好,无粘连,平均直径为5~10μm,载药率为0.922(W/W),包封率为82.4%.8 h内释药量为48.4%,24 h内释药量为80.8%,具有较好的缓释性.结论:阿司匹林磁性微球具有较高的包封率和显著的缓释阿司匹林作用.     

交联QCS／PS阴离子交换膜的制备及表征

以壳聚糖（CS）为原料,2,3-环氧丙基三甲基氯化铵为醚化剂,通过亲核取代反应,将季铵基团引入壳聚糖主链,制备季铵化壳聚糖（QCS）。采用阳离子季铵盐十六烷基三甲基溴化铵和引发剂过硫酸钾,通过乳液聚合法合成了聚苯乙烯（PS）微乳液。以QCS为膜的基本原料,掺杂了适量的PS微乳液,以戊二醛为交联剂,制备了一系列的OCS／PS阴离子交换膜。用傅立叶变换红外光谱（FT—IR）表征了样膜的结构,考察了PS微球和戊二醛含量对QCS／PS膜的吸水性和离子交换量等性能的影响。结果表明,交联剂的加入可有效抑制QCS膜的形变,在PS微球质量分数为35％时,随着交联度的增加使溶胀度从68．5％降低到25．8％,但同时降低了QCS／PS膜的离子交换量。而PS微球却提高了OCS／PS膜的离子交换量,溶胀度也略有降低。因此当交联度为5％、PS微球质量分数为35％时,含水率为65％,IEC为4．89mmol／g,二者都达到了稳定的趋势,能够优化Qcs／Ps膜的整体性能。     

Preparation of Bauxite Ceramic Microsphere

Ceramic microspheres were prepared by using Chinese bauxite as raw materials through the centrifugal spray drying method. The control technology of microsphere size, degree of sphericity was researched. The ceramic microspheres were sintered by a double sintering process. The microstructure and composition of ceramic microsphere were investigated by X-ray diffraction （XRD）, scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and X-ray energy spectroscopy. The results show that the degree of sphericity of the ceramic microsphere was good and the particle size was 10-100 μm. The XRD analysis reveals that the main crystalline phase of the ceramic microsphere was a-Al2O3 and mullite （3Al2O3·2SiO2）. The product can be used as reinforced material for composite material, especially for antiskid and hard wearing aluminum alloy coating.     

纳米银水性抗菌木器涂料的研制

以纳米硅溶胶为载体,葡萄糖为还原剂制备出稳定的纳米银溶胶,并对银溶胶的结构和粒径进行表征.选择热-紫外光双重固化乳液作为成膜树脂,以纳米银溶胶作为纳米抗菌剂,设计出纳米银改性水性木器涂料,讨论了不同质量分数的纳米银溶胶对漆膜抗菌性能和降解甲醛效果的影响.结果表明：当纳米银溶胶的质量分数为10％时,该水性抗菌木器涂料的漆膜性能优良,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的灭菌率达到90％以上,在自然光下处理48 h后对甲醛的去除率可达70%.     

无皂乳液聚合法制备PNIPAAm聚合物微球的温敏特性研究

采用无皂乳液聚合法制备了聚异丙基丙烯酰胺(PNIPAAm)温敏性聚合物微球,用TEM对微球的形貌进行了表征,并用紫外-可见光分光光度计对微球的最低临界溶解温度(LCST)进行了研究,讨论了共聚单体丙烯酰胺(Am)和交联剂N,N-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺(MBAM)加入量(质量分数)对微球LCST的影响。研究结果表明:随着MBAM加入量的增加,微球的粒径变大;当MBAM加入量超过15%后,会使聚合物微球尺寸过大而在水中的稳定性变差;随着单体Am和交联剂MBAM量的增加,微球LCST均升高,但同时其转变温度范围宽化,使其对温度的敏感性降低,当Am和MBAM的加入量占NIPAAm单体的质量分数分别为13%和10%时,LCST升高至40℃左右,有利于温敏性聚合物微球用于体内的药物缓释载体。     

氨基磁性高分子微球的制备与影响因素

研究甲基丙烯酸甲酯-甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯-二苯乙烯磁性高分子微球的制备与影响因素．采用共沉淀法制备磁流体,并进行双层表面活性剂改性．以改性后的Fe3O4磁流体为核心,通过开环反应、共聚等方法制备含有氨基的磁性微球．讨论甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯和引发剂的用量及温度对磁性微球性能的影响．通过粒度分析仪测出微球粒径,并用x-射线（XRD）对Fe3O4及磁性微球进行表征,证明Fe3O4结构没有变化．红外光谱（FT-IR）测试表明微球结构表面含有氨基基团．