基于QoS策略的低压电力线信道容量研究

为了在有限的传输带宽内使低压电力线信道容量最大化,提出了基于特定QoS策略的约束注水算法。该算法以低压电力线信道多径传输模型为研究基础,从信号功率受限的角度出发,导出了信道容量最大化的闭式解,分析并得出信道分支支路数和终端负载阻抗是影响信道容量的主要因素。利用正交频分复用(OFDM)技术对输入信号进行离散化调制,得到了不同信道状况下的最大传输比特数。仿真结果表明,所提算法的信道容量优于已有注水法,在信噪比为40dB时,所提算法的最大容量为经典注水法的1.37倍,完全满足低压电力线高速载波通信的要求。     

宽带电力线通信动态子载波分配算法研究

为了满足在额定功率有限的情况下,传输速率最大化。选择在低压宽带电力线信道条件下,分析2 MHz~100 MHz的宽带电力线信道特征与参数。利用已有电力线信道模型,通过迭代分块约束注水算法对电力线通信进行动态子载波分配,相比传统的注水算法,改进之后的算法能更好的根据电力线信道约束条件给子载波分配功率,得到更优的信道容量。     

基于QoS参数的电力线信道状态映射方法

提出了一种将电力线信道状态映射为服务质量(QoS)参数的方法,该方法将实际的电力线信道状态参数通过数学推导等效为相关QoS参数,包括时延、信道容量、误码率(BER)、时延抖动。由QoS参数决定电力线信道是否满足业务传输需求。依据所提方法建立了在特定条件下的P2P电力线通信仿真系统,仿真结果验证了所提方法的可行性和有效性。     

基于OFDM的无人机通信链路功率分配研究

在无人机通信链路中采用OFDM技术时,由于信道的时变衰落特性,不同子信道上的衰落并不一致,其信道容量也不完全相同.为了抑制因信道衰落不一致造成的误码率增加,采用自适应方法进行功率分配.本文提出一种改进注水算法,在OFDM系统子信道上动态的分配数据,并采用不同M值的M-QAM调制,从而达到功率自适应分配的目的.最后通过仿真验证了本方法的可行性.     

平稳信道的非迭代比特分配算法及其在电力线正交频分通信中的应用

正交频分（OFDM）传输以它很高的频谱利用率和抗多径的能力成为电力线通信的优选方案。针对电力线信道时域平稳的特点，该文提出一种新的比特分配算法，利用上次比特分配结果和当前信道特性进行OFDM子信道非迭代比特分配。连续实测的电力线信道的比特分配计算机仿真表明所提出的算法快速有效。该算法的计算复杂度优于典型的比特分配算法。     

一种应用于配电网电力线通信的快速比特分配算法

自适应正交频分复用是一种适用于高速电力线数据通信的技术,比特分配算法是这一技术的重要组成部分。文章针对电力线通信信道的实际条件,探讨了适用于电力线通信的优化模型,并提出了一种新的应用速率自适应准则的动态带宽优化算法,该算法通过对子信道的划分,采用贪婪法原理快速实现子信道的比特分配。理论分析和仿真结果表明该算法具有较低的复杂度,并且能得到令人满意的分配结果。     

基于自适应遗传算法的PLC信道动态子载波分配

为提高宽带电力线通信(PLC)的传输速率,在2～100MHz的低压宽带电力线信道条件下,提出基于速率最大化(RA)准则的动态子载波分配算法。该算法利用遗传算法比较好的全局搜索能力,将遗传算法与注水算法结合,对正交频分复用系统(OFDM)动态子载波进行自适应分配。新算法先将种群中的个体进行交叉操作,得到两个新的子代群体,对得到的子代种群进行复制和变异操作。仿真结果表明:改进之后的遗传算法与自适应遗传算法相比较,在性能上有较大改善,系统传输速率变快,信道容量变大。     

考虑功率谱限制的电力线通信比特分配算法

为了减小电力线通信的电磁干扰，提高通信系统的服务质量，提出一种功率谱限制条件下的比特分配算法。该算法将复杂的非线性优化问题根据不同的优化约束条件，分解为三个求解阶段。在分析最优分配条件的基础上，利用贪婪法原理设计分配算法，从而降低了算法的运算量。为了进一步提高算法的运算速度，在分析比特分配损失上限的基础上，提出一种快速的次优分配算法。相比于已有算法，该算法在保证系统通信性能的同时，提高了运算速度。在典型电力线信道环境下的仿真分析表明，该算法适合于功率谱限制条件下的高速电力线通信。     

混合业务下的电力线通信资源优化分配

充分利用电力线频带资源、提高网络中用户各种业务的服务质量是宽带电力线通信系统的重要目标。讨论了功率谱密度限制条件下正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multiplexing,OFDM)系统中多用户混合业务资源优化分配问题,提出一种低复杂度的分配算法。首先,利用相对差额分配算法为用户实时业务进行资源分配以保证服务质量(qualityofservice,QoS);然后对非实时性业务采用比例公平算法分配剩余资源;最后利用比特削减算法控制总的发射功率。在典型电力线信道环境下进行了仿真,结果表明:与已有算法相比,所提出的算法可以有效地保证实时业务的服务质量并在兼顾公平性原则的前提下提高系统的总吞吐量,且具有较低的复杂度;同时,该算法满足电力线通信系统总发射功率和功率谱密度限制的双重约束条件要求,符合宽带电力线通信的要求。     

单相配电网多用户OFDM通信系统的频谱优化

电力线通信应用OFDM作为调制解调方式，在典型的低压电力线信道上进行多用户通信时，存在信道频谱的优化问题。本文讨论了单相配电网的多用户OFDM通信系统环境下，子信道和功率的分配问题，对原有的一种快速次优算法进行了改进，在算法中整体考虑未能满足速率要求的所有用户，同时在改变初始分配结果时更为有效的分配发射功率。仿真结果表明，在极少增加算法运行时间的情况下，改进后的算法比原算法在发射功率相同的情况下系统的整体传输速率有了较大的提高。证明改进后得算法可以更高的效率解决该系统中的频谱优化问题。     

一种正交频分复用低压电力线通信系统的信道估计与迭代均衡策略

正交频分复用(orthogonal frequency division multi- plexing,OFDM)技术在低压电力线高速通信研究和应用领域获得了广泛重视。传统的OFDM系统通过对每个符号添加大于信道响应长度的循环前缀(cyclic-prefix,CP)来消除符号间干扰,使传输效率降低。提出一种低压电力线信息符号无循环前缀的OFDM通信系统的信道估计与迭代均衡策略,该策略采用m序列作为训练序列,利用其特殊的自相关特性,在系统接收端获得信道的时域响应,进而对无循环前缀的OFDM信息符号进行迭代均衡,以消除符号间干扰。仿真实验表明,该策略可提高传输效率、增强系统的抗噪性能、获得比传统OFDM系统更低的信道估计均方误差和误码率,且具有较低的计算复杂度。     

Broadband Power-Line Communications: The Channel Capacity Analysis

The power line has been proposed as a solution to deliver broadband services to end users. Various studies in the recent past have reported a decrease in channel capacity with an increase in the number of branches for a given channel type whether it is an indoor or low-voltage (LV) or medium-voltage (MV) channel. Those studies, however, did not provide a clear insight as to how the channel capacity is related to the number of distributed branches along the line. This paper attempts to quantify and characterize the effects of channel capacity in relation to the number of branches and with different terminal loads for a given type of channel. It is shown that for a power spectral density (PSD) between 90 dBm/Hz to 30 dBm/Hz, the channel capacity decreases by a 20-30 Mb/s/branch, 14-24 Mb/s/branch, and a 20-25 Mb/s/branch for an MV channel, LV channel, and indoor channel, respectively. It is also shown that the channel capacity is minimum when the load impedance is terminated in characteristic impedances for any type of channel treated here. It is shown that there could be a significant loss in channel capacity if a ground return was used instead of a conventional adjacent conductor return. The analysis presented in this paper would help in designing appropriate power-line communication equipment for better and efficient data transfer.     

Channel Characterization for Indoor Power-Line Networks

Power-line networks are promising mediums by which broadband services can be offered, such as Internet services, voice over Internet protocol, digital entertainment, etc. In this paper, an analysis of delay spread, coherence bandwidth, channel capacity, and averaged delay in the frequency bands up to 100 MHz for typical indoor power-line networks are studied. Earlier studies for indoor power-line networks considered frequencies up to 30 MHz only and earlier works have shown that at these frequency bands, the data rates are generally low and are inefficient for digital entertainment in comparison with wireless local-area networks standards, such as IEEE 802.11 n. In this paper, it is shown that at 100 MHz, the average channel capacity for typical indoor power-line networks can be up to 2 Gb/s and it is found that by increasing the number of branches in the link between transmitting and receiving ends, the average channel capacity decreases from 2 Gb/s to 1 Gb/s (when the number of branches was increased by four times for a power spectral density of -60 dBm/Hz). At the same time, the coherence bandwidth decreased from 209.45 kHz to 137.41 kHz, which is much better than the coherence bandwidths corresponding to 30-MHz systems. It is therefore recommended to operate the indoor power-line networks at 100-MHz bandwidths for a wide variety of broadband services.     

Link-Adaptive Physical Layer for Indoor Broadband Power-Line Communications

Increasing interest in smart home automation systems or home networks has driven the use of low-voltage power lines as a high-speed data channel. Since this type of power line is not designed for communication purposes, the channel exhibits unfavorable transmission properties. In this paper, a novel orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing-based physical-layer architecture for indoor broadband power-line communications is proposed. For the design of the layer, a new constellation for bit-mapping (or modulation) is introduced to increase the transmission rate over a sudden phase-shift-prone channel. In addition, a simple bit-loading scheme is adopted and a new preamble for a packet-based power-line communication system is proposed. The proposed layer is implemented as a type of testbed, and is field-tested in labs and in residential homes. The test results demonstrate that the proposed system has good channel adaptivity and achieves high transmission rates.      

The Influence of Load Impedance, Line Length, and Branches on Underground Cable Power-Line Communications (PLC) Systems

An underground cable power transmission system is widely used in urban low-voltage power distribution systems. In order to assess the performance of such distribution systems as a low-voltage broadband power-line communication (BPLC) channel, this paper investigates the effects of load impedance, line length, and branches on such systems, with special emphasis on power-line networks found in Tanzania. From the frequency response of the transfer function (ratio of the received and transmitted signals), it is seen that the position of notches and peaks in the magnitude are largely affected (observed in time-domain responses too) by the aforementioned network configuration and parameters. Additionally, channel capacity for such PLC channels for various conditions is investigated. The observations presented in this paper could be helpful as a suitable design of the PLC systems for better data transfer and system performance.     

具有格状网的电力线载波通信信道特性的分析

智能配电网除传统的树状拓扑结构外,还将出现环网、格状网等结构。建立具有这些特殊拓扑配电网的电力线信道模型,并进行信道特性影响因素的分析是在智能配电网中应用电力线载波通信技术的必要前提和重要依据。通过基于信息节点的建模方法建立格状网拓扑的信道模型,并仿真分析前后主干长度、格网主干长度、分支长度、分支负载等因素对格网拓扑下信道传输特性的影响规律,重点分析了这些影响因素对信号衰减的影响。通过实验验证了所得结果的正确性和有效性。所提出的分析方法和所得结论为设计智能配电网电力线载波通信的调制方法提供了必要的理论基础和技术手段。     

Performance analysis of uncoded and coded OFDM broadband transmission over low voltage power-line channels with impulsive noise

Broadband communications for indoor power-line networks with impulsive noise using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is considered. From earlier investigations, it is known that this channel suffers from multipath fading and frequency selectivity along with man-made impulsive bursty noise. Nevertheless, the calculated channel capacity limit promises very high data rates over this channel. Enhancement techniques, such as coding can help an OFDM system to tackle impulsive noise burst. In this paper, the bit error rate (BER) performance of the OFDM system under impulsive noise and frequency fading is theoretically analyzed and closed form expression for the performance is derived. Two different impulsive noise environment models are studied and it is confirmed that both models represent the same environment. Furthermore, a theoretical upper bound on the performance of coded OFDM system is obtained, given perfect interleaving. The effect of the interleaver length on coding performance is also studied. Simulations show that the upper bound is quite tight for the case of employing a longer interleaver. The effect of interleaver size on the system performance is studied, as well.     

Cyclic Short-Time Varying Channel Estimation in OFDM Power-Line Communication

In this paper, we consider an orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) communication system over a power-line channel (PLC) that exhibits cyclic short-time variations. In order to follow the cyclic channel variation, a blind estimation method is proposed. Simulations on an indoor PLC network show that the proposed estimation method is suited for following the short-time variation of the channel, achieving a better bit-error rate (BER) than a base pilot-aided method.