直流电压下绝缘子附近球形导电微粒运动特性

为降低绝缘子附近的自由导电微粒对绝缘的危害,实验研究了球形导电微粒在不均匀电场中聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)绝缘子附近的运动特性,结果表明:绝缘子附近电场分布决定了微粒运动的特性。根据微粒初始位置的不同可以分为三种情况:微粒水平移动而后浮起;微粒直接浮起;微粒水平运动直至附着于绝缘子表面。不同外形绝缘子附近微粒运动特性不同,且绝缘子对微粒运动的影响范围也与绝缘子外形相关。     

稍不均匀电场中绝缘子附近导电微粒受力分析

建立稍不均匀电场中绝缘子附近的自由导电微粒所受作用力的2-D计算模型,通过对微粒表面Maxwell应力张量进行计算,得到微粒在电场中所受的静电力。改变电极倾斜角、绝缘子材料以及绝缘子的外形,对影响自由导电微粒运动的因素进行了分析,结果显示通过减小高压电极倾斜角度,减小绝缘子材料的介电常数,并采取合适的绝缘子外形, 可减小微粒受到的向上的静电力和微粒受到的指向绝缘子方向的水平静电力,从而可以减小微粒浮起和附着于绝缘子表面的概率。     

交流电压下绝缘子附近导电微粒运动特性

在施加交流电压条件下,对楔形布置的电极间聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)绝缘子附近自由导电微粒运动进行了实验观察.通过对微粒运动过程进行摄像和记录微粒起始运动电压,讨论球形导电微粒和线形导电微粒的运动特性.对不同外形绝缘子附近导电微粒运动规律进行了分析,认为绝缘子的存在能够降低微粒运动起始电压,并且能够吸引部分球形导电微粒沿电极表面滚动到达绝缘子表面;当绝缘子表面与接地电极夹角为锐角时绝缘子附近的微粒运动起始电压会显著降低.对绝缘子存在情况下的楔形电极间电场进行计算,并对微粒运动规律做出了合理的解释.     

GIS支撑绝缘子表面状况对其雷电冲击闪络特性的影响

SF6气体绝缘开关设备(GIS)的运行经验表明,绝缘子往往是系统绝缘最薄弱环节和决定性因素,因此研究绝缘子闪络特性的影响因素具有十分重要的意义。文中通过搭建1 000 kV陡前沿冲击试验装置,研究了雷电冲击作用下GIS内部支撑绝缘子表面状况对其闪络特性的影响。结果表明:绝缘子沿面闪络电压随表面粗糙度的增大而降低,文中从绝缘子表面吸附能力的角度对其进行了分析;绝缘子表面附着导电微粒时其闪络电压显著降低,且导电微粒距高压电极越近,绝缘子闪络电压越低,可从导电微粒附着位置对绝缘子沿面电场分布的影响上进行解释。     

负极性直流下金属微粒对SF_6中支柱绝缘子闪络特性的影响

金属微粒是导致气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路(gas insulated transmission line,GIL)绝缘子闪络的重要原因之一。为研究金属微粒对支柱绝缘闪络特性的影响,搭建了实验平台,研究了负极性直流下气压、金属导电微粒尺寸及位置对SF6中支柱绝缘子闪络特性的影响,对闪络过程进行了分析,并应用有限元分析软件对表面电场分布情况进行了计算。结果表明:当绝缘子表面存在金属微粒时,绝缘子闪络电压随气压增大会出现极大值,此现象主要与空间电荷的分布有关;金属微粒附着于高压导体侧时,闪络电压随金属微粒长度增加明显降低,当微粒长度超过一定值时,闪络电压下降减缓;微粒位于绝缘子金属电极侧时对绝缘水平影响最大,随着金属微粒远离高压电极,闪络电压先上升后降低。     

GIS中不均匀直流电场下球状自由导电微粒运动分析

针对气体绝缘系统(GIS)中自由导电微粒无害化的问题,研究导电微粒在GIS中不均匀电场作用下的运动规律,建立球状自由导电微粒在楔形不均匀电极系统中的受力模型,采用Runge-Kutta方法对微粒运动方程进行求解,并对球状自由导电微粒在不均匀直流电场中的运动轨迹进行仿真,同时考虑电压波动和电极表面粗糙等随机因素对微粒运动轨迹的影响。另外,研究了自由导电微粒的运动轨迹与施加电压、微粒初始位置、微粒和电极材料的性质及电极表面状况的关系。研究结果表明:在一定的电场条件下,微粒运动会处于一种谐振状态,而施加电压的幅值、波形以及电极表面的反射系数对微粒运动轨迹有显著影响     

直流气体绝缘输电线路的绝缘设计

气体绝缘输电线路(gas insulated transmission line,GIL)与架空线路相似但占地空间小、损耗低,在高压直流输电和特高压直流输电领域具有较大的应用空间。通过分析表面电荷和金属导电微粒对绝缘子沿面放电的影响,指出了绝缘子表面电荷积聚和自由金属导电微粒附着是降低直流GIL绝缘性能的重要原因。采用了使电场分布合理的方法,即半圆锥形盆式绝缘子的优化和表面电阻率阶梯分布的覆膜。设计了包括电极覆膜、微粒陷阱、驱赶电极和屏蔽环的直流GIL的绝缘结构。     

直流GIL中附着导电微粒对绝缘子表面电荷积聚特性的影响分析

导电微粒污染是直流GIL绝缘强度劣化的重要影响因素,为研究其对柱式绝缘子表面电荷积聚的影响,文中搭建了考虑导电微粒情况的电荷测量平台。首先探究了绝缘子表面电荷积聚的时间效应,并在此基础上进一步研究了微粒附着位置、微粒长度、微粒直径对表面电荷积聚的影响。结果表明:附着绝缘子表面的导电微粒可引起表面电荷的积聚激增,其中与电极接触的微粒引起的电荷激增量更为显著;随微粒长度增加,微粒引起电荷积聚增强,而微粒直径对电荷积聚的影响并没有明显的线性规律;与正电荷相比,负电荷更易发生积聚。     

缺陷对交流1100kV GIL三支柱绝缘子电场分布影响的仿真

缺陷及导电微粒会严重畸变气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路(GIL)用三支柱绝缘子的电场分布,甚至引发击穿、放电故障。该文分析特高压(UHV)GIL内可能存在的缺陷及来源,应用有限元仿真软件COMSOL研究了界面缺陷、内部气泡和导电颗粒对三支柱绝缘子电场分布的影响。结果表明,嵌件界面剥离和中心导体气隙对绝缘子电场分布有着相似的影响规律,其延伸长度越长,缺陷宽度越窄,则绝缘子表面最大电场强度越高。内部气泡对电场分布的影响与尺寸基本无关,但与其位置相关,越靠近金属嵌件对电场的影响越严重。附着导电颗粒会显著增强周围电场,其尺寸越大、电场畸变的范围越大,但对最大电场强度值影响较小;悬浮导电颗粒的尺寸越大,距离三支柱绝缘子表面的垂直距离越小,在三支柱绝缘子表面引发的电场畸变越严重;电场强度最大值随着导电颗粒靠近绝缘子腹部中心而增大。此外,所研究的几类缺陷中,附着导电颗粒对三支柱绝缘的危害最大,其次为界面缺陷。     

直流GIL中线形金属微粒对柱式绝缘子表面电荷积聚的影响

针对直流气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路中导电微粒污染问题,研究其对柱式绝缘子表面电荷积聚的影响。首先基于麦克斯韦方程组理论,对绝缘子表面电荷的积聚情况进行分析;并进一步纳入微粒污染以及气体侧空间离子的产生、复合、迁移、扩散等作用,建立了微粒污染情况下包含气体侧微观机制的绝缘子表面电荷积聚模型,利用COMSOL软件对不同极性下绝缘子表面附着微粒以及绝缘子附近存在悬浮微粒两种情况分别进行了求解分析。此外,结合前人实验研究的数据证明了仿真方法与结果的有效性和正确性。结果表明:附着绝缘子表面的导电微粒可引起表面电荷的积聚激增,其中附着在中间部位的微粒引起的电荷激增量更为显著,且微粒两端积聚电荷的电性相反;悬浮微粒对表面电荷积聚的影响较小,当悬浮微粒距绝缘子表面垂直距离超过4倍微粒直径时,其对绝缘子表面电荷的影响可以忽略。     

Motion behavior and deactivation method of free-conducting particle around spacer between diverging conducting plates under DC voltage in atmospheric air

This paper deals with free conducting particle motion around different shaped spacers between diverging conducting plates under DC voltage in atmospheric air. Spherical particle motion was observed experimentally and the results were discussed on the basis of the electrostatic force acting on the particle with and without spacer. The results show that a particle around a spacer tends to move laterally towards or away from the spacer towards higher field regions, depending on the spacer configuration. It lifts at higher field positions and sometimes adheres to the spacer. The effects of spacer angle and spacer material (permittivity) on free conducting particle motion are also discussed. For comparing the results obtained with a sphere, a wire particle motion around different shaped spacers is also investigated. The obtained results suggest one of the methods to prevent/suppress the conducting particle from approaching or adhering to spacers, is to reduce the field strength in the vicinity of the triple junction of gas, solid dielectric and electrode in gas insulated system (GIS).     

DC pre-breakdown phenomena and breakdown characteristics in thepresence of conducting particles in liquid nitrogen

DC pre-breakdown phenomena and breakdown characteristics in the presence of free conducting particles in liquid nitrogen are studied experimentally. The results show that a microdischarge occurs when a charged particle is approaching an oppositely charged electrode. An intense microdischarge can trigger a complete breakdown of the gap. The breakdown voltage of a uniform field gap with a free metallic particle of mm size might be reduced well below that of a point-to-plane gap without a particle in liquid nitrogen. Heavy contamination by a metallic powder produces a large reduction in the breakdown voltage with a horizontal spacer surface. However carbon powder is less hazardous compared to metallic powder     

Charging and behavior of a spherically conducting particle on a dielectrically coated electrode in the presence of electrical gradient force in atmospheric air

This paper discusses the charging and behavior of a spherically conducting particle on a dielectrically coated electrode in non-uniform dc and ac electric fields between non-parallel plane electrodes in atmospheric air. The charging mechanism of a particle resting on a dielectrically coated electrode is investigated by observing light emissions from partial discharges and by utilizing the dust figure technique. The charge acquired by a particle is estimated from the results of particle motion onset voltage measurement and direct measurement with a Faraday cage. The basic particle movement as well as particle-triggered breakdown characteristics under non-uniform electric field distribution along the electrode surface is also investigated. The results suggest that the effect of the electrical gradient force/dielectro-phoretic force on particle motion on a dielectrically coated electrode should be adequately considered in the design of gas insulated systems (GIS). This is because a particle can move laterally on the coated electrode toward increasing electric field regions by the action of the electrical gradient force which is independent of the charge on the particle. Also the possibility of the particle charging and lifting at high field regions or reaching and adhering onto an insulating spacer further increases the risk of breakdown.     

±800 kV特高压直流GIL关键技术研究

为了提高特高压直流输电线路走廊选择的灵活性,研究可以替代部分架空输电线路的直流气体绝缘金属封闭输电线路(gas insulated metal enclosed transmission line,GIL)具有重要意义。提出了在进行直流GIL绝缘子相关试验时,以带绝缘子的圆柱平板电极替代带绝缘子的同轴圆柱电极的试验方法。结合国外小尺寸电极试验结果,采用麦夸特法拟合得到了考虑表面粗糙度的同轴圆柱电极SF6气体间隙下临界击穿场强估算公式。设计了包含微粒陷阱、微粒驱赶电极和屏蔽环的直流GIL电极结构,并对此进行了电场分布的仿真,结果表明此结构具有抑制金属导电微粒运动的作用。     

GIS中绝缘子附近自由导电微粒无害化研究

综述了绝缘子附近的自由导电微粒对GIS绝缘性能的影响,分析了球形自由导电微粒的运动特性。提出了自由导电微粒无害化的重要性,并对微粒无害化方法及其研究前景进行了讨论,着重讨论了锥形电极的采用。     

Experimental studies of free conducting wire particle behavior between nonparallel plane electrodes with AC voltages in air

When a spherical conducting particle exists in an electrode system where electrical gradient force acts along the electrode surface, the particle tends to move towards the high field region. The possibility of appearance of this phenomenon is experimentally investigated with wire particles, which can easily produce the corona discharge on their ends resulting the action of a reactive force on the particle by a corona wind. The results show that a hovering particle travels deeper into the high electric field regions regardless of the corona discharge. Moreover, it is found that wire particle with corona discharge hovers near the negative electrode under DC voltage in atmospheric air due to different characteristics of corona discharge by the polarity. But under the AC voltage, the particle hovers near the bottom electrode only and invades in the high field region deeper than under the DC voltage.