基于附加直流电源的煤矿直流架线漏电保护的研究

本文分析研究了煤矿井下直流架空线电网产生漏电的原因,总结了漏电保护研究的现状,并在此基础上阐述了基于附加直流电源的煤矿井下直流架空线电网漏电保护的原理。     

可通信式智能选择性漏电保护系统的研究

分析了目前矿井低压电网漏电保护系统存在的不足 ,提出了基于附加直流电源检测和零序功率方向的漏电保护新判据 ,介绍了基于这些新判据的智能漏电保护装置 ,该装置构成的可通信式漏电保护系统可以实现无级差的选择性漏电保护 ,提高了井下低压电网的安全水平     

附加直流电源漏电保护的研究

利用附加电源直流检测式漏电保护解决漏电保护拒动和误判的问题,设想在三相电网中增加一个独立的直流电源,使之作用于三相电网与大地之间,三相对地的绝缘电阻上则会有直流电流流通,有效检测该电流大小的变化,就可实现选择性漏电保护.介绍了附加直流电源电压的设定以及漏电闭锁动作值的整定方法.试验结果表明,系统各项性能指标均符合标准规...     

计及直流控制特性的混合多馈入直流系统交互作用因子计算方法

为评估混合多馈入直流(hybridmulti-infeedhigh voltagedirectcurrent,HMIDC)系统各换流站间的电压交互作用,提出计及直流控制方式影响的HMIDC系统交互作用因子(multi-infeed interaction factor,MIIF)计算方法。首先,基于电力网络方程,构建小扰动下表征直流系统控制响应特性的直流附加等值运行导纳矩阵;然后,分别推导小扰动条件下VSC-HVDC和LCC-HVDC不同控制方式的直流附加等值运行导纳,提出直流附加等值运行导纳矩阵的计算方法;其次,采用直流附加等值运行导纳矩阵修正原交流系统节点导纳矩阵,获得等值节点阻抗矩阵,进而提出基于等值节点阻抗比的HMIDC系统MIIF指标计算方法;最后,基于PSCAD/EMTDC构建混合双馈入直流系统,验证了计及直流控制特性的HMIDC系统MIIF指标计算方法的有效性,并分析了VSC-HVDC无功出力和交流系统等值阻抗对MIIF指标的影响。     

煤矿井下选择性漏电保护技术的分析

通过对目前某些选择性漏电保护原理存在问题的分析,提出了一种基于附加直流源漏电检测与零序功率方向型选择性漏电保护相结合的漏电保护原理。     

如何加强附加直流电源的漏电保护措施

漏电保护一直是供电企业保证电网供电系统安全运行的重要部分,做好漏电保护措施,可以有效防止用电单位发生电气火灾、触电事故和设备故障等。采用附加直流电源检测的方法,可以解决漏电保护中的拒动和误判问题,进而提高电力发电厂和变电站供电系统的安全性和可靠性。     

变电站分布式直流接地监测方法及应用

直流电源系统是变电站的重要组成部份,承担对继电保护装置、自动装置、测量系统、通信系统、监控系统、遥视系统、事故照明、不允许停电机械等的供电任务.其性能和可靠性直接影响到变电站的安全运行.文中对电桥平衡法、交流信号注入法和直流漏电流法这三种常用的直流系统接地故障检测方法的进行了分析;针对其局限与不足,提出了基于漏电流原理的分散式直流接地监测方法,介绍了根据该方法研制的直流接地指示器及工程应用情况.     

煤矿掘进工作面供电系统选择性漏电保护的实现

针对煤矿井下掘进工作面供电系统无选择性漏电保护的问题 ,根据实际需要 ,提出了基于附加直流电源和零序电流方向检测的选择性漏电保护方案。在原有保护的基础上 ,设计了零序电压检测电路和中断信号发生器 ,配合我厂生产的分支馈电开关 ,可有效地完成掘进工作面供电系统两级漏电保护功能。     

煤矿掘进工作面供电系统选择性漏电保护的实现

针对煤矿井下掘进工作面供电系统无选择性漏电保护的问题,根据实际需要,提出了基于附加直流电源和零序电流方向检测的选择性漏电保护方案.在原有保护的基础上,设计了零序电压检测电路和中断信号发生器,配合我厂生产的分支馈电开关,可有效地完成掘进工作面供电系统两级漏电保护功能.     

基于零序电压变化率的矿井低压漏电检测方法

为了提高煤矿移动变电站低压侧发生漏电故障后漏电阻的检测速度,提出了基于零序电压变化率的矿井低压供电系统漏电检测方法。通过向系统线路人为附加3个已知量级的相同电容,与线路分布电容形成并联关系,在漏电故障发生后Δt时间内流过附加3C干线上的电流与零序电压变化率呈正比例关系,利用理论计算将1140 V低压系统漏电阻的动作整定值转换为附加3C干线处的电流动作整定值。采用傅氏算法,对漏电故障发生后20 ms内各特征量的基波分量进行提取,结果表明理论计算和仿真实验数据相差不足2%,验证了该漏电检测方法的可行性,且检测速度和结构简单度均优于传统附加直流检测式漏电保护,能可靠保证系统稳定运行和人身安全。     

直流牵引供电系统中控制保护装置的研制

区分机车起动电流和远端故障电流是直流牵引系统馈线保护的难点。阐述了传统的基于电流增量和电流变化率的保护原理,分析了其原理上的不足,并提出了基于导纳量的保护方案。还阐述了导纳增量保护和导纳上升率增量保护的判据各项定值整定的原则,并通过试验验证了导纳保护的优越性。在导纳保护原理的基础上,开发出直流牵引供电系统的控制保护装置。     

基于综合附加阻尼的直流配电系统稳定性提升方法

直流配电网的数学建模是分析其稳定性的理论基础,对于分析系统的运行特性具有重大意义。基于典型P-U dc下垂控制的直流配电系统,建立了以动态导纳为基础的下垂控制小扰动稳定性分析模型,分析了直流线路电阻、电感参数变化对系统稳定性的影响。利用奈奎斯特判据对系统输出导纳与输入导纳之比进行分析,以评估系统的整体稳定性。提出了基于复合补偿的综合附加阻尼直流配电系统稳定性提升控制策略,对比分析了补偿前、后系统的稳定性,通过仿真软件搭建直流配电系统模型并进行时域仿真,理论分析和仿真结果均表明所提方法可以增强系统阻尼,抑制系统振荡。     

Sensitive ground-fault relaying

Sensitive ground-fault protection refers to the concept of detecting low levels of ground-fault current that might cause electrocution of any human that becomes part of the ground-current path and providing warnings. The concepts behind sensitive ground-fault relaying for use on AC and DC low-voltage utilization systems are covered. The background for these relaying types is presented, and it is shown that the critical component in sensitive ground-fault relay design is the current sensor. Zero-sequence devices for three-phase industrial utilization systems and a saturable-transformer device for DC utilization are discussed. Relaying schemes for both AC and DC systems are presented. This study is aimed at mine power systems but could be applicable to any portable low-voltage portion of industrial power systems that involve handling by personnel     

混合交直流电力系统的非线性调制策略

针对大扰动情形，文中提出了一种用于改善多机交直流混合电力系统（有多条直流线路落点于其中）暂态稳定性的非线性控制方法，该方法基于微分几何理论，地直流输电系统等效为两个分别连接在整流侧和逆变侧的变导纳支路，在推导出直流输电系统的等效变导纳与各发电机输出电磁功率间的解析关系后，传统的发电机动态方程可被表示成仿射非线性的形式，因而可应用全局线性化方法来求得其控制变量，本文方法的主要特点在于，所求得的调制功率是一个交流系统状态的自适应和非线性函数，它可通过局部的反馈信号和少量来自其它发电机的信号来实现，文中以一个双馈入直流输电系统为测试对象，给出了所提控制器的设计过程和基于测试系统的仿真结果。     

A new digital ground-fault protection system for generator–transformer unit

Ground faults are one of most often reasons of damages in stator windings of large generators. Under certain conditions, as a result of ground-fault protection systems maloperation, ground faults convert into high-current faults, causing severe failures in power system. Numerous publications in renowned journals and magazines testify about ground-fault matter importance and problems reported by exploitators confirm opinions, that some issues concerning ground-fault protection of large generators have not been solved yet or have been solved insufficiently. In this paper a new conception of a digital ground-fault protection system for stator winding of large generator was proposed. The process of intermittent arc ground fault in stator winding has been briefly discussed and actual ground-fault voltage waveforms were presented. A new relaying algorithm, based on third harmonic voltage measurement was also drawn and the methods of its implementation and testing were described.     

影响多馈入高压直流换相失败的耦合导纳研究

建立了2条交、直流并联的多馈入高压直流输电系统模型,并对此模型的直流输电线的耦合导纳和换相失败关系进行详细的理论分析研究。基于电路基本理论知识,推导出多馈入交、直流并联的高压直流输电系统耦合导纳和换相电压关系表达式。从该文的理论分析可看出逆变侧换相失败的判断与耦合导纳关系十分复杂,它不仅与各直流输电子系统逆变侧相连的交流电源的等值导纳有关,而且还与各直流输电子系统整流侧相连的交流电源的等值导纳有关,更与各直流输电子系统相并联的交流传输线导纳密切相关。     

A Kalman filter based digital percentage differential and groundfault relay for a 3-phase power transformer

The design and real-time implementation of a Kalman-filter-based digital percentage differential and a ground-fault protection scheme for three-phase power transformers are presented. A set of eleven-state Kalman filters is used to estimate the fundamental and up to fifth harmonic components of the transformer current signals. The protective relay is equipped with an even harmonic restraint during magnetizing inrush conditions and a fifth harmonic restraint during overexcitation conditions. The restraint during external faults is provided by means of a percentage differential characteristic. The relay operates in half a cycle during internal faults. In order to achieve sensitive ground-fault protection, separate primary and secondary ground-fault protection are provided. The relay algorithm is implemented on a single TMS320 digital signal processor and tested in real time using a three-phase laboratory power transformer     

Applying CTs with digital ground relays

Industrial power distribution system substation transformers and generator step-up transformers in power stations often use resistance-grounded wye secondary windings for medium-voltage power distribution. The purpose of this is to limit damage due to ground-fault currents, while providing sufficient fault current for the operation of ground-fault relaying. The relaying used to protect against ground faults in the system may not provide sufficient protection of the transformer winding against internal faults because the backup ground overcurrent relay in the transformer neutral-to-ground connection must be set to coordinate with downstream relays. In order to protect the winding itself, special relays are utilized. Ground differential protection can be provided by digital overcurrent relays in conjunction with auxiliary ratio matching transformers. Ground differential protection can also be provided in multifunction digital relays. Transformer protection relays may include this feature with one of the schemes used with component relays. If a feeder-protection relay is used on the secondary, in some cases, this may have a ground-directional feature that can be utilized for ground-differential protection     

System grounding and ground-fault protection in the petrochemical industry: a need for a better understanding

This paper provides an in-depth discussion of system grounding and ground fault protection on systems from 480 V and above. The paper also discusses modeling of ground faults, the proper design for ground-fault protection, and common problems associated with ground-fault protection. The paper address many real-life problems associated with system grounding and ground-fault protection, including safety issues and how to avoid those problems. The topics included in the paper include low-voltage systems, under 600 V, through high-voltage transmission systems.     

Performance testing low-voltage ground-fault protection

The National Electrical Code (NEC) requires ground-fault protection of equipment by devices intended to detect and interrupt low-current arcing phase-to-ground faults on many solidly grounded low-voltage systems having current ratings of 1000 A or greater. The NEC also dictates field performance testing of ground-fault protection, but does not prescribe specific techniques to be used. This paper reviews the types of ground-fault protection equipment and systems in use today, ranging from simple bolted-pressure switch and relay combinations to complex multiple-source systems and zone-selective-interlocked systems. Conditions that can cause misoperation of ground-fault protection are reviewed, including a summary of problems identified during field testing of actual projects. Available testing techniques are reviewed and primary current injection is recommended as the most reliable means of field verification for most ground-fault protection systems. Required test equipment setup for each system configuration is described, and cautions to be observed during this type of testing are presented. This paper will benefit engineers and technicians responsible for acceptance testing of electrical equipment.