电容中点式三相四线制SAPF混合无源非线性控制策略

电容中点式三相四线制并联型有源滤波器(SAPF)相比于三相三线制SAPF,附加了零序电流通路,因而可在电网平衡/不平衡时补偿非线性负荷产生的各次谐波、零序及无功电流。利用SAPF的无源性对其进行非线性的无源控制(PBC)可取得较常规的线性和非线性控制器更好的补偿效果,且在电网不平衡时无需检测和处理谐波电流的正负序分量。文中提出了一种电容中点式三相四线制SAPF的混合无源控制策略。首先,根据被控对象SAPF在dq0坐标系下的EulerLagrange数学模型分析其无源性,并计算得到了能使被控量收敛至期望值的SAPF内环电流无源控制规律;然后,采用阻尼注入法对其进行简化,得到能使内环补偿电流完全解耦的新的无源控制规律,提高系统的动态性能;接着,根据直流侧总电压和差压与补偿电流存在紧密联系,设计了基于2阶低通滤波器控制的SAPF外环电压控制器;最后,通过Simulink软件仿真和实验验证了将文中混合PBC用于SAPF控制的可行性和优越性,相比于传统的比例—积分控制,所提出的控制方法有更快的响应速度和更好的补偿效果。     

Novel schemes used for estimation of power system harmonics and their elimination in a three-phase distribution system

Estimation of power system harmonics and their elimination is an interdisciplinary area of interest for many researchers. This paper presents Variable Step Size Least Mean Square (VSS-LMS) approach for harmonics estimation and Shunt Active Power Filter (SAPF) with two-level Hysteresis Current Control (HCC) technique for their elimination in a three-phase distribution system. In the estimation process, the weight is updated using VSS-LMS algorithm. Harmonics components are estimated from the updated weights. In order to mitigate harmonics produced by the nonlinear load connected in a three-phase distribution system, SAPF with two-level HCC is proposed. A three-phase insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT) based current controlled voltage source inverter (CC VSI) with a dc bus capacitor is used as an active power filter. The first step is to calculate SAPF reference currents from the sensed nonlinear load currents by applying the synchronous detection method and then the reference currents are fed to the proposed controller for generation of switching signals. The nonlinear load consists of one three-phase and one single-phase diode rectifier feeding R–L load, so that the effectiveness of the two-level HCC scheme to compensate for unbalanced nonlinear load can be tested. Various simulation results are presented to verify the good behavior of the SAPF with proposed two levels HCC.     

一种检测单相瞬时无功与谐波电流的新方法

有源滤波器作为改善电能质量一种有效的手段,它要求快速准确地检测出负载电流中的谐波和无功分量。针对单相系统瞬时谐波与无功检测方法算法复杂的问题,提出了一种新的检测方法,并详细分析了低通滤波器的选取,低通滤波器的阶数越高,截止频率越低,检测算法的稳态精度越高,暂态性能越差。该法能实时准确地检测出负载电流中的基波有功分量,进而实现谐波与无功电流的瞬时补偿。仿真研究表明该法简单可靠,电路实现容易,且不需要锁相环,克服了系统频率漂移的影响,在2~3个周期内实现了补偿电流的准确提取,有效解决了单相系统中谐波和无功电流检测中存在的问题。     

基于RLS自适应算法的APF电流检测

有源电力滤波器(APF)电流检测算法使用低通滤波器(LPF)提取基波有功直流分量,直流分量的提取精度直接影响着指令电流信号的计算精度。提出一种应用数字递推最小二乘法(RLS)替代模拟LPF的电流检测新方法。RLS自适应滤波算法是在采样周期内对整体采样序列进行滤波器权系数最优化搜索,即对权系数迭代中的步长寻优,从而准确地跟踪输入信号的直流分量。新方法以瞬时无功功率理论为电流检测依据,利用坐标、三角变换矩阵根据电网三相瞬时电流计算出电流瞬时有功、无功交/直流分量。应用Matlab软件编写RLS自适应滤波算法程序进行仿真,结果表明APF电流检测中采用数字RLS自适应滤波提取直流分量的方法是可行、有效的。     

并联型有源电力滤波器在非理想电源电压下的控制

首先提出了并联型有源电力滤波器在不对称、非正弦电源电压情况下补偿电流指令的准确计算方法。该方法基于同时对三相电压、电流进行旋转坐标变换和投影变换。所求得的补偿电流指令为非线性负载电流中除了基波正序有功分量之外的全部电流分量。应用于三相三线制电路时，该方法可以计算任意次谐波电流的瞬时值。进一步提出了在不对称、非正弦电源电压情况下，并联型有源电力滤波器产生补偿电流的无差拍控制法。理论分析、仿真及实验结果表明了所提出的计算和控制方法的有效性，从而为并联型有源电力滤波器在非理想电源电压条件下的正确控制提供了一条有效途径。所提出的方法对其它类型有源电力滤波器的控制也有借鉴意义。     

混合动力系统电能质量扰动分析及治理

基于并联有源滤波器(shunt active power filter,SAPF)和动态电压调节器(dynamic voltage restorer,DVR),首先,搭建了包含光伏和风机的混合动力系统,用以模拟分布式电源接入配电网中产生的电能质量(power quality,PQ)扰动。其次,利用模糊逻辑、神经网络和自适应神经模糊推理系统控制算法对SAPF的动态性能进行优化,对电能质量扰动进行治理,使用人工智能技术进行管理,使光伏和风能系统均实现最大功率点跟踪(maximum power point tracking, MPPT)。最后,在搭建的仿真系统中进行验证,线性负载和非线性负载输出侧谐波畸变率分别降至0.20%和2.05%,满足配电系统对于电能质量的要求。     

A new control approach to three-phase active filter for harmonicsand reactive power compensation

This paper deals with a new control scheme for a parallel 3-phase active filter to eliminate harmonics and to compensate the reactive power of the nonlinear loads. A 3-phase voltage source inverter bridge with a DC bus capacitor is used as an active filter (AF). A hysteresis based carrierless PWM current control is employed to derive the switching signals to the AF. Source reference currents are derived using load currents, DC bus voltage and source voltage. The command currents of the AF are derived using source reference and load currents. A 3-phase diode rectifier with capacitive loading is employed as the nonlinear load. The AF is found effective to meet IEEE-519 standard recommendations on the harmonics level     

基于a-b-c坐标下三相并联有源滤波器的补偿新策略分析

并联有源滤波器在消除谐波电流和无功补偿(包括线性负载和非线性负载的无功补偿)方面发挥着重要的作用。目前,电力有源滤波器(APF)多采用基于瞬时无功功率理论的谐波和无功电流检测方法。这些方法大多要进行坐标之间的转换,并且在三相电路、电源都不对称的情况下很难做到对基波无功和高次谐波电流的准确检测。提出一种不需要在进行坐标转换,直接在坐标系下进行无功和谐波检测的方法。研究和仿真表明这种方法在电压源不对称、畸变和负载不平衡的情况下仍能有效工作,并且有效简化了并联有源滤波器(APF)的控制电路。     

并联型有源电力滤波器控制方法与仿真

随着国家坚强智能电网的发展,智能型电力电子设备及技术在智能电网中大量使用。由于电力电子器件具有非线性特性,其使用给智能电网带来了谐波污染等问题。并联型有源电力滤波器采用了应用广泛的谐波抑制和无功补偿技术,它能对智能电网中的谐波和无功进行较好地动态补偿。分析了并联型有源电力滤波器的补偿原理,利用包含直流侧电压环控制的ip-iq法进行智能电网指令电流的检测和定时滞环电流跟踪控制方法对并联型有源电力滤波器进行电流跟踪控制,使用Matlab/Simulink搭建仿真模型,并从不同的控制角进行实例仿真。仿真结果和快速傅里叶分析表明,对于非线性负载晶闸管的不同触发角,定时滞环电流跟踪控制都能有效地实时跟踪控制,仿真模型系统能够实时检测出系统中所含指令运算电流,并进行有效补偿,达到了理想的效果。     

基于Lyapunov函数的NPC型三电平SAPF非线性控制策略

传统并联型有源滤波器(SAPF)的控制方法只能实现电网平衡时的控制,且在负载发生变化时补偿效果不理想。针对这些问题,选取三相四线制系统下中性点钳位(NPC)型三电平SAPF作为研究对象,提出了基于Lyapunov函数的非线性控制方法。首先,建立了被控对象在dq0坐标系下的数学模型;针对电流内环提出了基于Lyapunov函数的非线性控制策略。同时,从稳定性的角度出发,选取合适的控制参数,保证线路参数变化时平衡/不平衡电网下系统的稳态和动态性能;其次,针对直流侧电压不平衡问题,采用基于电荷平衡原理改变空间矢量脉宽调制算法中正负小矢量作用时间的控制方法,维持直流侧电容电压的稳定和平衡。最后,利用Simulink软件仿真和实验验证将所提出的基于Lyapunov函数的非线性控制器用于NPC型三电平SAPF的可行性和优越性。与传统的比例—积分控制相比,所提出的控制方法有更快的响应速度和更好的补偿效果。     

串联型电力有源滤波器中低通滤波器的设计及参数优化

串联型电力有源滤波器（简称SAPF）是为解决用户端供电电压中存在的电能质量问题而设计的一种有源滤波器。它利用PWM逆变器产生与电网畸变电压大小相等,方向相反的脉宽调制波,经低通滤波器（简称LPF）滤除开关纹波后通过变压器串联在电网中,以达到稳定负载端电压,改善电能质量的目的。目前研究主要集中在控制方法和波形瞬时畸变的实时检测上,对LPF涉及很少,而LPF的好坏会影响SAPF能否正常应用,研究发现对于不同的频率,LPF在SAPF中作用的电路结构并不相同,因此传统的LPF设计方法并不完全应用,在深入研究的基础上,文中提出了一套分频段的LPF设计和参数优化方法,仿真和实验结果都验证了该文所给方法的正确性。     

An efficient a–b–c reference frame-based compensation strategy for three-phase active power filter control

The active power filter has been proved to be an effective method to mitigate harmonic currents generated by nonlinear loads as well as to compensate reactive power. In the implementation of a three-phase active power filter, it is crucial to have a procedure (i.e. the compensation strategy) to generate the reference compensation currents by its control circuit. This paper proposes a simple and efficient a–b–c reference frame-based strategy to determine the reference compensation currents for both three-phase three-wire and three-phase four-wire active power filters. Simulation and experimental results show that the proposed compensation strategy yields a simpler design of the control circuit than those obtained by using the conventional instantaneous reactive power theory (i.e. p–q theory). A competitive active filter performance is also achieved.     

一种基于改进型ip-iq方法的有源滤波器

在瞬时无功功率理论的基础上,提出一种基于改进型ip-iq谐波电流检测方法的有源滤波器。改进型检测方法用简单的积分、延时加增益环节来代替传统ip-iq方法中的低通滤波器,将检测延时减少到1/6个电源周期。同时这种检测方法还可以推广到单相、三相4线电路和三相不平衡负载的场合中。电流跟踪控制采用滞环比较方式,实际补偿电流能够实时精确跟踪谐波指令电流。采用能量平衡原理实现了逆变器直流侧电压的控制。仿真结果表明,这种有源滤波器能够实时、有效地补偿系统的谐波和无功电流。     

基于级联H桥五电平变流器SAPF的应用研究

提出了基于级联H桥型五电平变流器的并联型有源电力滤波器,详细介绍了基于无差拍控制的交流侧电流控制和直流侧总电压闭环电压控制的原理.仿真和实验结果表明了SAPF系统在低开关频率情况下,能够准确有效地补偿谐波和无功电流,性能良好.     

预测控制三电平并联型有源电力滤波器系统

针对三电平并联型有源电力滤波器数控系统存在采样、计算等引起的固有延时及直流侧电压存在波动问题,提出了一种将直流侧电压模糊PI自整定控制、谐波电流预测控制和三电平电压空间矢量脉宽调制算法相结合的基于三电平SAPF数字模型等双闭环控制方案。仿真试验验证了该系统具有良好的谐波补偿性能和应用价值。     

基于FPGA的APF控制器的硬件结构优化

提出一种基于现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）的并联型有源电力滤波器（SAPF）的控制器方案。通过简化算法，使用运算强度简化、折叠结构和流水线等方式优化了控制器的硬件结构和工作频率，并详细讨论了基于同步旋转坐标变换、无限冲击响应（IIR）低通滤波器、三相锁相环和滞环电流跟踪控制的结构设计与优化。全部控制算法在单片FPGA中用硬件描述语言VerilogHDL实现。样机实验结果表明系统的动静态性能都较好，满足高性能SAPF对控制器实时性和准确性的要求。     

New digital reference current generation for shunt active power filter under distorted voltage conditions

In this paper, a new reference current computation method suitable for shunt active power filter control under distorted voltage conditions is proposed. The active power filter control is based on the use of self-tuning filters (STF) for the reference current generation and on a modulated hysteresis current controller. This active filter is intended for harmonic compensation of a diode rectifier feeding a RL load under distorted voltage conditions. The study of the active filter control is divided in two parts. The first one deals with the harmonic isolator which generates the harmonic reference currents and is experimentally implemented in a DS1104 card of a DSPACE prototyping system. The second part focuses on the generation of the switching pattern of the inverter by using a modulated hysteresis current controller, implemented in an analogue card. The use of STF instead of classical extraction filters allows extracting directly the voltage and current fundamental components in the α–β axis without phase locked loop (PLL). The performances are good even under distorted voltage conditions. First, the effectiveness of the new proposed method is mathematically studied and verified by computer simulation. Then, experimental results are presented using a DSPACE system associated with the analogue current controller for a real shunt active power filter.     

Adaptive nonlinear control of three-phase shunt active power filters with magnetic saturation

The problem of controlling three-phase shunt active power filters (SAPF) is addressed in presence of nonlinear loads. Previous works generally design control for SAPF based on standard models that assume the involved magnetic coil to be linear. In reality, the magnetic characteristics of these components are nonlinear (especially in the presence of large magnetic flux density in the ferromagnetic core). In this paper, a new oriented control model for SAPF-load system, taking into account for the nonlinearity of coil characteristics, is developed. The control objective is twofold: (i) compensating for the current harmonics and the reactive power absorbed by the nonlinear load; (ii) regulating the inverter DC capacitor voltage. To this end, based on the new model, a nonlinear controller is developed, using the backstepping technical design. It is therefore able to ensure good performances over a wide range of variation of the load current. Moreover, the controller is made adaptive for compensating the uncertainty on the switching loss power. The performances of the proposed adaptive controller are formally analyzed using tools from the Lyapunov stability and the averaging theory. The supremacy of the proposed controller with respect to standard control solutions is illustrated through simulation.     

并联有源电力滤波器解耦控制研究综述

为解决并联型有源电力滤波器三相电流之间和有功无功电流之间的强耦合问题,以达到改善负载补偿效果的目的,总结了近年来相关学者对有源电力滤波器解耦控制的研究工作。首先,分析了并联有源电力滤波器的结构和特点。然后,从搭建模型的不同类型出发,对比分析了三相三线制、三相四线制及混合型并联有源电力滤波器的结构特点和控制方法,研究了近年来有源电力滤波器各种解耦控制方法的研究进展及相互的联系。最后,结合近年来新兴的控制方法,对有源电力滤波器解耦控制的研究做了展望。     

基于李雅普诺夫函数的并联型混合有源电力滤波器非线性控制方法

针对有源电力滤波器电流谐波分量检测复杂、非线性负载变化时电源电流畸变的问题,提出基于李雅普诺夫函数的并联型混合有源电力滤波器(SHAPF)非线性控制方法。在建立SHAPF仿射非线性模型的基础上,设计电压-电流双闭环控制回路。从稳定性角度出发,针对内环电流环提出基于Lyapunov函数的非线性控制策略,实现无功补偿电流的解耦控制,快速跟踪谐波参考电流,并以增强系统抗干扰性能为优化目标,求取控制器最优增益,确保线路参数发生摄动或负载需求发生阶跃变化时,系统仍能稳定运行。外环电压环采用滑模非线性控制方法,保持电容电压平稳,实现负载突变时的动态调节。应用Matlab/Simulink软件进行仿真分析,并基于d SPACE实验平台验证所提出控制策略的可行性和有效性。仿真和实验结果表明:基于Lyapunov函数的非线性控制方法具有简单易行、稳定性高、鲁棒性强的特点。