面向服务的分布式监测系统体系结构设计应用

针对分布式监测系统传统体系结构开放性,灵活性较差的问题,在归纳分布式监测系统通用模型的基础上,引入面向服务架构的思想,提出了一种面向服务的分布式监测系统体系结构.该体系结构将分布式监测系统分为数据采集、数据处理、状态监测、信息融合和决策支持5个功能模块,以Web Services作为支撑平台实现系统内部各个功能模块的集成以及监测系统与管理信息系统的集成.实际应用表明,该体系结构降低了系统各部分的耦合程度,提高了系统的实施效率.     

基于本体的信息集成的研究与应用

本体是在分布式环境下构建复杂系统的一种新兴技术,阐述了本体的概念以及它在Web信息集成中的应用.把Web技术应用到企业的分布式环境中,完成异构系统信息的交换, 实现了一个基于本体的信息集成的数据库平台.并给出了信息集成系统的总体设计框架,实现了多数据库中结构和内容的集成.     

分布式智能机器人体系结构研究

本文介绍了一个分布式智能机器人体系结构系统,该系统应用分布式问题求解思想,对移动机器人导引系统中问题进行求解.该系统基于分布数据库,由两个处理结点组成,它将路径规划、导航、驾驶集成一体.它为分布式智能机器人体系结构研究提供了一个支持环境.     

分布式测控系统集成框架模型研究

面向服务于航空试验与测控的分布式测控系统,描述了基于系统级、子系统级和工作站级的分布式测控系统三级集成结构模型,提出了分布式测控系统集成的系统三级集成结构模型,并将二者综合为分布式测控系统集成模式架模型。该模型解决了构建大型、通用分布式测控系统体系结构的建模问题,具有良好的应用前景。     

CIMS-IIS:分布式CIM集成基础结构

分布式CIM集成基础结构为CIM系统提供了一组实现企业信息集成、功能集成和过程集成所需的基本公共服务集合,是CIM系统的基础支撑环境.本文提出了一种分布式开放CIM集成基础结构的设计方案,并提出了该系统的实现途径.     

基于CORBA的工程数据库查询处理系统体系结构的研究

提出了基于CORBA的工程数据库查询处理系统的体系结构。该体系结构可以跨越硬件平台、跨越操作系统和异构数据库集成工程数据信息,便于实现查询的关行执行和异步处理,能够提高系统整体的执行效率。     

基于企业产品供应链的信息集成模型

本文针对现代企业间基于企业网络的信息集成问题提出了一个种体系结构：供应链系统－决策支持系统－支撑系统。围绕着体系结构,主要讲座了几个关键技术：供应链系统,基于敏捷供链的动态企业联盟;决策支持技术;企业间信息集成的支撑技术。     

分布式过程实时数据集成方法及其实现

针对异构生产装置数据采集、集成和管理中的数据集成问题,提出一种分布式过程实时数据集成方法,给出系统体系结构和数据集成原理。采用Hash-AVL树的数据结构对生产数据进行描述,利用XML技术对实时数据及访问请求进行封装,实现统一的数据访问接口。该方法应用到某石化企业综合自动化系统,对100个数据点进行并发访问时,数据更新周期小于3 s,结果证明了分布式数据集成方法可以满足对现场生产装置异构实时数据进行集成的要求。     

CIMS信息集成中的开放式分布处理系统

本文针对先进制造技术、计算机集成制造系统的信息集成平台，探讨开放式分布处理系统的实现方法与结构模型，给出基于远程数据库访问（RDA）和数据库远程过程调用（DBRPC）的异种数据源至操作的开放式分布处理系统的体系结构与实现，以及RDA、DBRPC的实现结构。     

基于多传感器的综合集成研讨厅信息融合系统

介绍了多传感器信息融合方法及处理模型、美国圣菲研究所在复杂适应系统领域以及园内在综合集成研讨厅领域的研究与实践，在此基础上，通过对多传感器信息融合系统和综合集成研讨厅的本质分析及对比研究，提出了一种通用的基于多传感器的综合集成研讨厅信息融合系统体系结构。同时，结合作者对装备保障复杂适应系统的研究与理解，分析了基于多传感器的装备保障综合集成研讨厅信息融合系统的功能需求、体系结构层次和技术结构层次，初步构建了装备保障综合集成研讨厅信息融合系统的体系结构框架，寻求到了一种多传感器信息融合研究的新途径。     

流程工业CIMS中的实时数据库技术

流程工业存在着大量的实时数据处理、存储和集成问题,仅靠采用集散式控制系统（ＤＣＳ）和关系数据库技术并不能完全解决。开放结构的分布式实时数据库系统能够提供高速的实时数据服务,能够有效地集成异构控制系统,它和关系数据库一起构成了流程企业的数据平台,对流程工业的生产信息集成起着极其重要的作用,是流程工业ＣＩＭＳ实施中的关键技术。该文针对流程工业ＣＩＭＳ的特点,介绍了在流程工业ＣＩＭＳ中实时数据库的功能．系统结构及其采用的关键技术。     

流程CIM与离散CIM之比较

本文首先从物流、工艺和生产控制自动化等方面分析了流程生产的特点并与离散制造进行了比较。研究了流程ＣＩＭ的体系结构、系统构成，指出流程ＣＩＭＳ通常只包括生产实施（过程控制）与管理信息两个应用系统。过程控制在流程ＣＩＭＳ中占有特殊重要地位。集散控制系统是过程控制与信息集成的基础。     

A methodology for expressing CIM reference architectures

TNO is doing research in many areas of industrial automation and is heavily involved in European projects financed by R&D programmes such as Esprit, Eureka and Brite, and in many ISO and CEN standardization activities. From this experience it becomes clear that the I of Integration in CIM has not only to do with the integration of the so-called “islands of automation” but also with the integration of ”islands of manufacturing”: how we can improve the transfer of manufacturing knowledge. We have to increase the semantic content of our integration approaches, so that not only can computer scientist be involved, but also people from the companies we are trying to help, and people who are responsible for the development of new CIM components. The real problem is not a problem of technical integration of computers, but much more a “conceptual modelling” problem. Fundamental questions are, for instance, how we can, on the semantic level really required, model information transfer upstream and downstream in the product life cycle. Based on the analysis of existing CIM projects such as CAD*I, CIM- OSA, Open CAM Systems (Esprit I) IMPACT (Esprit II), CAM-I's CIM Architecture, the Danish Principal model for CIM, and more, we developed a generic and reusable CIM reference architecture. This architecture shows manufacturing activities, real and information flow objects, CIM components and industrial automation standards like STEP, MAP, TOP, EDIFACT, MMS etc. in an integrated way. In this paper we describe the CIM base model used to express the CIM reference architecture and give some details of the CIM reference architecture itself.     

A hybrid multi-agent system architecture for enterprise integration using computer networks

The manufacturing industries are now experiencing fierce pressure of competition from every corner on this planet. In addition, the advancement in computer networks and information technologies has been gradually reshaping the manufacturing companies by shifting from the industrial age to the information era. Due to these elevated competitiveness and advanced computer technology, a number of new manufacturing and management strategies (e.g., CE or CIM) have emerged for the innovation of manufacturing enterprises. Although they have different definitions and scopes, there are several common issues: inter-enterprise functions integration; inter-enterprise resources integration; and collaboration. This paper proposes a new multi-agent system (MAS) architecture to support the inter-enterprise functions/resources integration and collaboration over the networked environment, including the hybrid agent architecture and hybrid network architecture. In contrast to the existing agent architectures, the proposed agent architecture enables agents to exhibit the hybrid (continuous and discrete) behavior and interactions. In addition, our network architecture is more suitable for building the large-scale distributed manufacturing systems that are prone to dynamic random changes of their environment. Based on the proposed MAS architecture, a collaborative product development environment is implemented as a starting point, and a multidisciplinary team-oriented design problem is illustrated to provide the vision of the proposed MAS architecture.     

Guest editorial

Attention has recently focused on improving the information and knowledge flow between design and manufacturing. Interfacing Computer Aided Design (CAD) with Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM) systems has helped this information flow while also improving both processes. Once CAD and CAM systems were introduced the obvious next step to (1) decrease a product's time-to-market and its costs, while (2) increasing the product's quality, has been to utilize knowledge based system technology during both the design and the manufacturing phases of a product. Unfortunately, the knowledge based systems that we have developed have been designed as stand-alone components. These have been built using a variety of implementation philosophies, styles of reasoning and are deployed over distributed computing environments. The companies with large investments in design and manufacturing automation, as well as in expert system technology have come to realize that achieving the two goals stated above will require the integration of such diverse systems in ways that will allow their coordination and cooperation. This special issue of theJournal of Intelligent Manufacturing has brought together reports of recent research whose goal was this type of integration.     

Implementation of rule-based information systems for integratedmanufacturing

Focuses on the development of a methodology within a software environment for automating the rule-based implementation of specifications of integrated manufacturing information systems. The specifications are initially formulated in a natural language and subsequently represented in terms of a graphical representation by the system designer. A new graphical representation tool is based on updated Petri nets (UPN) that we have developed as a specialized version of colored Petri nets. The rule-based implementation approach utilizes the similarity of features between UPN and the general rule specification language used for the implementation. The automation of the translation of UPN to the rule specification language is expected to considerably reduce the life-cycle for design and implementation of the system. The application presented deals with the control and management of information flow between the computer-aided design, process planning, manufacturing resource planning and shop floor control databases. This provides an integrated information framework for computer integrated manufacturing systems     

An e-contracting reference architecture

Business-to-business e-contracting aims at automating the contracting process between companies. It improves the efficiency of the contracting process and enables the introduction of new business models that can be supported by companies. For the development of an e-contracting system, an architecture is required that describes the system components and the communication channels between them. This paper presents a reference architecture for the development of e-contracting systems. The architecture is designed on the basis of a requirement analysis of e-contracting systems. Established architectural principles are used in its design. The architecture can serve as a foundation in the analysis and design of concrete architectures of e-contracting systems. Furthermore, it can be used as a standardization model that facilitates system integration and communication of ideas. Its value for both software architects and business professionals makes it an important tool in the analysis and implementation of e-contracting systems.     

Smart manufacturing process and system automation – A critical review of the standards and envisioned scenarios

Smart manufacturing is arriving. It promises a future of mass-producing highly personalized products via responsive autonomous manufacturing operations at a competitive cost. Of utmost importance, smart manufacturing requires end-to-end integration of intra-business and inter-business manufacturing processes and systems. Such end-to-end integration relies on standards-compliant and interoperable interfaces between different manufacturing stages and systems. In this paper, we present a comprehensive review of the current landscape of manufacturing automation standards, with a focus on end-to-end integrated manufacturing processes and systems towards mass personalization and responsive factory automation. First, we present an authentic vision of smart manufacturing and the unique needs for next-generation manufacturing automation. A comprehensive review of existing standards for enabling manufacturing process automation and manufacturing system automation is presented. Subsequently, focusing on meeting changing demands of efficient production of highly personalized products, we detail several future-proofing manufacturing automation scenarios via integrating various existing standards. We believe that existing automation standards have provided a solid foundation for developing smart manufacturing solutions. Faster, broader and deeper implementation of smart manufacturing automation can be anticipated via the dissemination, adoption, and improvement of relevant standards in a need-driven approach.     

Evolution of transparent manufacturing: An architecture for a Java-based controller of a CIM cell

Because of recent advances in the area of networking and information systems, today's manufacturing systems face an increasing demand for easy access, and easy integration. This demand has driven the area of factory automation towards a more transparent structure, especially at the shop-floor control level. In this light, the cell level controller must not only allow consistent operation within the cell, but also provide networking facilities to the applications in the higher tier. In this paper, a Java-based architecture for such a controller is proposed, and pertinent design issues discussed. An implementation of this architecture is also investigated for feasibility in a multi-platform environment. Case studies and evaluation of the controller are presented.     

Enabling Next-Generation RFID Applications: Solutions and Challenges

Radio-frequency identification technology provides promising benefits such as inventory visibility and business process automation. However, if companies are to realize these benefits, researchers must address major challenges such as data processing, integration architecture design, security, and privacy.