稳健局部特征非下采样小波域数字水印

目的 基于数字水印技术的音乐作品版权保护是学术界的研究热点之一,多数数字音频水印方案仅仅能够对抗简单的常规信号处理,无法有效抵抗破坏性较强的一般性去同步攻击。为此,提出了一种基于稳健局部特征的非下采样小波域数字水印算法。方法 利用非下采样小波域平滑梯度检测算子从载体音频中提取稳定的音频特征点,结合数字音频样本响应确定局部特征音频段,采用量化调制策略将数字水印信号重复嵌入局部特征音频段中。结果 选取4段典型的采样频率为44.1 kHz、量化精度为16 bit、长度为15 s的单声道数字音频信号作为原始载体进行测试,并与经典算法在不可感知性和鲁棒性两方面进行对比。结果表明,本文算法在含水印音频与原始载体音频间的信噪比平均提升了5.7 dB,同时常规攻击和去同步攻击下的平均检测率分别保持在0.925和0.913,高于大多数传统算法,表明了本文算法具有较好的不可感知性。在常规信号处理（MP3压缩、重新量化、重新采样等）和去同步攻击（幅度缩放、随机剪切、音调伸缩、DA/AD转换、抖动等）方面均具有较好的鲁棒性。结论 本文利用描述能力强且性能稳定的平滑梯度刻画局部数字音频性质,提出一种基于平滑梯度的非下采样小波域音频特征点提取方法,有效解决了音频特征点稳定性差且分布极不均匀的缺点,提高了数字音频水印对音调伸缩、随机剪切、抖动等攻击的抵抗能力。     

RDWT domain statistical watermark detector using FRHFMs magnitudes and bivariate Cauchy-Rayleigh distribution

Imperceptibility, robustness and data payload, which are complimentary to each other, are widely considered as the three main properties vital for any image watermarking systems. It is a challenging work to design a statistical model-based multiplicative watermarking scheme for achieving the tradeoff among three main properties. In this paper, we propose a novel statistical image watermarking scheme by modeling local redundant discrete wavelet transform (RDWT) and fast Radial harmonic Fourier moments (FRHFMs) magnitudes with bivariate Cauchy-Rayleigh distribution. Our image watermarking scheme consists of two parts, namely, embedding and detection. In the embedding process, RDWT is firstly performed on the host image and RDWT highpass subbands are divided into non-overlapping blocks. Then FRHFMs are computed on RDWT coefficient blocks. And finally, the watermark signal is inserted into robust RDWT-FRHFMs magnitudes through a non-linear multiplicative approach. In the detection process, robust local RDWT-FRHFMs magnitudes are firstly modeled by employing bivariate Cauchy-Rayleigh distribution, which can capture accurately both marginal distributions and strong dependencies of local RDWT-FRHFMs magnitudes. Statistical model parameters are then estimated effectively by the method of logarithmic cumulants (MoLC) approach. And finally, an image watermark detector for multiplicative watermarking is developed using bivariate Cauchy-Rayleigh model and locally most powerful (LMP) test. Also, we utilize the bivariate Cauchy-Rayleigh model to derive the closed-form expressions for the watermark detector. After performance testing and comparison with the experimental results of existing methods, the proposed statistical image watermarking method has achieved relatively ideal results in terms of robustness, imperceptibility and data payload.

     

Norm ratio-based audio watermarking scheme in DWT domain

In order to reach a balance between robustness, imperceptibility, and data payload, a novel blind audio watermarking scheme is proposed using the norm ratio of approximate coefficients in discrete wavelet domain (DWT). A chaotic sequence generated by Tent map is used to encrypt the watermark image and enhance the security of watermarking system. Firstly the original audio signal is segmented into non-overlapping frames and DWT is applied to each frame. Then, the approximate components are divided into two parts, and the norm ratio is calculated and modulated to embed the watermarks. Finally, the approximate components are scaled by optimizing the quality of the watermarked audio. Experimental results indicate that the proposed watermarking scheme is robust against different common attacks, such as noise addition, resampling, re-quantization, MP3 compression and amplitude scaling. The comparison analysis shows that the proposed scheme has high data payload and provides superior performance compared to the state-of-the-art watermarking schemes.     

基于小波和倒谱域的数字音频水印算法

给出一种基于小波和倒谱域的强鲁棒数字音频水印算法。该算法利用人耳听觉模型和频率掩蔽效应,选择出音频小波变换后对人耳听觉不敏感的低频系数,对其进行分帧并作倒谱变换。再利用倒谱域能量集中在零点附近的特性,将一段伪随机序列嵌入在每帧相对稳定的倒谱系数中,从而实现水印的嵌入。采用相关检测的方法,根据相关值的极性来提取水印信息。实验表明,嵌入水印后的音频信号不仅具有良好的不可感知性,而且对诸如加噪、低通滤波、重采样、重量化、回声、MP3压缩和去同步等攻击具有很强的鲁棒性。     

一种基于DWT的音频水印算法

基于人耳听觉特性和小波变换的时频特性,提出了一种水印嵌入与检测算法。通过提取音频信号幅度的最大值进行小波变换,再在小波变换的重要系数中嵌入水印。仿真实验证明:该算法隐藏水印具有较好的不可感知性和较强的稳健性。     

基于DWT的盲音频水印算法研究

提出了一种基于离散小波变换的盲音频数字水印算法，该算法采取分段重复嵌入方式在能量最强的小波系数内隐藏水印信号。仿真实验结果表明，该算法具有较强的鲁棒性和不可感知性，能有效抵御各种常见攻击，并且在水印检测时不需要原始的音频信号。     

High payload multi-channel dual audio watermarking algorithm based on discrete wavelet transform and singular value decomposition

Digital watermarking technology is concerned with solving the problem of copyright protection, data authentication, content identification, distribution, and duplication of the digital media due to the great developments in computers and Internet technology. Recently, protection of digital audio signals has attracted the attention of researchers. This paper proposes a new audio watermarking scheme based on discrete wavelet transform (DWT), singular value decomposition (SVD), and quantization index modulation (QIM) with a synchronization code embedded with two encrypted watermark images or logos inserted into a stereo audio signal. In this algorithm, the original audio signal is split into blocks, and each block is decomposed with a two-level DWT, and then the approximate low-frequency sub-band coefficients are decomposed by SVD transform to obtain a diagonal matrix. The prepared watermarking and synchronization code bit stream is embedded into the diagonal matrix using QIM. After that, we perform inverse singular value decomposition (ISVD) and inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT) to obtain the watermarked audio signal. The watermark can be blindly extracted without knowledge of the original audio signal. Experimental results show that the transparency and imperceptibility of the proposed algorithm is satisfied, and that robustness is strong against popular audio signal processing attacks. High watermarking payload is achieved through the proposed scheme.     

基于提升小波与DCT的自适应音频水印算法

为了达到版权保护的目的,利用提升小波变换计算速度快、离散余弦变换（DCT）后直流系数的听觉容差性强的特点,提出了一种在提升小波域进行DCT的自适应音频水印算法。原始音频信号经提升小波变换后分解为低频子带和高频子带,对其低频子带进行DCT,将水印序列嵌入到DC系数上。考虑到水印音频信号的不可感知性和鲁棒性之间的平衡问题,采用了水印序列自适应调整嵌入。实验结果表明,该水印算法计算复杂度低,且对噪声、 低通滤波等常见信号攻击及恶意替换操作均表现出很强的鲁棒性。     

A multipurpose audio watermarking algorithm with synchronization and encryption

We propose a new multipurpose audio watermarking scheme in which two complementary watermarks are used.For audio copyright protection,the watermark data with copyright information or signature are first encrypted by Arnold transformation.Then the watermark data are inserted in the low frequency largest significant discrete cosine transform(DCT) coefficients to obtain robustness performance.For audio authentication,a chaotic signal is inserted in the high frequency insignificant DCT coefficients to detect tampered regions.Furthermore,the synchronization code is embedded in the audio statistical characteristics to resist desynchronization attacks.Experimental results show that our proposed method can not only obtain satisfactory detection and tampered location,but also achieve imperceptibility and robustness to common signal processing attacks,such as cropping,shifting,and time scale modification(TSM).Comparison results show that our method outperforms some existing methods.     

A new robust and secure digital image watermarking scheme based on the integer wavelet transform and singular value decomposition

In this paper, a new robust and secure digital image watermarking scheme that can be used for copyright protection is proposed. The scheme uses the integer wavelet transform (IWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD). The grey image watermark pixels values are embedded directly into the singular values of the 1-level IWT decomposed sub-bands. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme in terms of robustness, imperceptibility and capacity due to the IWT and SVD properties. A challenge due to the false positive problem which may be faced by most of SVD-based watermarking schemes has been solved in this work by adopting a digital signature into the watermarked image. The proposed digital signature mechanism is applied to generate and embed a digital signature after embedding the watermarks; the ownership is then authenticated before extracting watermarks. Thus, the proposed scheme achieved the security issue where the false positive problem is solved, in addition to that, the scheme is considered as a blind scheme. A computer simulation is used to verify the feasibility of the proposed scheme and its robustness against various types of attacks and to compare it with some previous schemes. Furthermore, the statistical Wilcoxon signed rank test is employed to certify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.     

基于小波与复倒谱变换的音频数字水印算法

为提高水印安全性,提出一种基于小波分解和复倒谱变换的音频数字水印算法。通过对原始语音信号进行三级小波分解,提取小波近似分量,对小波近似分量进行复倒谱变换。实验结果证明,该算法具有较强不可感知性和鲁棒性,能经受添加噪声、低通滤波、重采样、有损压缩等常见信号攻击。     

基于离散小波变换的数据库水印检测算法

为了克服空域水印技术的不足,提出一种基于离散小波变换的关系数据库水印算法.根据过滤规则,从关系数据库中抽取某一类的数据,组成二维信号,将水印嵌入到二维信号的小波域中.使用该算法嵌入的数字水印具有很好的隐蔽性,对原始载体的影响很小.同时,嵌入的数字水印具有较好的鲁棒性,常规的数据库的处理方法对其影响较弱.     

抗幅度缩放的小波域自适应数字音频水印算法

数字音频水印的鲁棒性是数字水印领域的研究热点之一。为进一步提高音频水印算法针对幅度缩放等攻击的鲁棒性,借用数字图像归一化的思想,提出了一种基于归一化的抗幅度缩放攻击的数字音频水印算法。该算法首先对音频数据进行自适应分段,然后在空域部分均值化音频数据,最后在三级小波变换的低频系数上以抖动调制的方式实现水印信息的嵌入。实验结果表明所提出的算法对缩放攻击具有很好的鲁棒性,并能够抵抗加噪、低通滤波、重采样、重量化等常见攻击。     

基于NSCT 的自适应乘性水印局部最优非线性盲检测算法

图像水印算法研究是多媒体技术领域中的重要议题。比较并结合当前两类主流的 图像水印算法,提出了一种基于非下采样Contourlet 变换的自适应乘性水印算法。借鉴Barni 的“pixel-wise masking”模型和冗余小波域掩盖效应建模的做法,建立非下采样Contourlet 变换域 掩盖效应计算模型。用广义高斯分布模型和Cauchy 分布模型描述非下采样Contourlet 变换系数 的统计特性,将水印的检测问题表述为一个复合假设检验。通过理论推导分别建立了乘性水印 的两种局部最优非线性盲检测器及检测门限的自适应确定方法。实验结果表明,非下采样 Contourlet 变换域掩盖效应计算模型使得水印嵌入算法具有良好的视觉不可见性,两种检测器在 无原始图像和自适应嵌入强度系数参与检测的情况下均能准确地检测到水印信息的存在。实验 结果同时显示,基于Cauchy 分布的盲检测器在检测效果和检测时间方面优于基于广义高斯分 布的盲检测器。     

基于视觉系统特征的Contourlet域分层数字水印技术

在分析视觉系统特征的基础上提出了一种新型的Contourlet域分层数字水印技术.该方法利用视觉系统对不同区域、不同局部特征的噪声敏感性不同设置相应的区域水印权重和局部水印权重,将水印按照设置的分层权重嵌入到Contourlet分解后的方向子带中.利用所提出的新型多分辨率检测器,通过与传统水印方法比较表明,该方法具有较好的透明性和盲检测性;对于常见的压缩、中值滤波等图像处理攻击,该方法表现了很好的稳健性.     

A robust digital audio watermarking scheme based on DWT and Schur decomposition

The vulnerability of digital audio signals for different types of risks requires an imperceptible and robust digital audio watermarking scheme. In this research, we propose creating one such imperceptible and robust hybrid watermarking scheme based on a discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and Schur decomposition hybrid method. The proposed scheme embeds the foreground bits of the watermarking image into the least significant bit of the diagonal coefficients of the triangular matrix S generated from Schur decomposition. Schur decomposition is applied on the second sub-band HL₂ generated from applying a second-level 2D-Haar DWT on the first channel of the original audio signal. We analyze the proposed digital audio watermarking scheme’s performance in terms of signal to noise ratio (SNR), objective difference grades (ODG), and subjective difference grades (SDG) that resulting 81.43, 4.78 and 0.184, respectively. The resulting of payload capacity, NC, and BER are as high as 319.29 bps, 0.9911, and 0.0135, respectively. Experimental results confirm that the proposed scheme is inaudible and robust against common types of attacks such as Gaussian noise, re-quantization, re-sampling, low-pass filter, high-pass filter, echo, MP3 compression, and cropping. In comparison with state-of-the-art audio watermarking schemes, the proposed scheme’s performance is superior in term of imperceptibility, robustness, and data payload size.

     

图像盲水印算法的遗传优化

为了提高数字水印的实用性,必须保证水印的鲁棒性和透明性,为此在Cox等人提出的水印稳健性理论的指导下,充分考虑人类视觉系统特性,提出了一种基于遗传算法的图像盲水印算法。通过基于小波边缘的检测,调节系数差,实现了水印透明性和鲁棒性的综合优化。实验结果表明,该算法不仅对于水印的攻击具有强鲁棒性,且兼顾载体图像的质量。     

局部化数字水印算法

数字水印是一种嵌入到图象,视频或音频数据中的不可见标志,可以用于多媒体数字的版权保护,认证和标注等,为了提高在频率域嵌入水印抵抗裁剪攻击的能力,提出一种局部化的图象数字水印算法,该算法利用图象中相对稳定的特征点标示水印嵌入的位置,并在与每个特征点对应的局部区域中独立地嵌入水印,这样,当只有部分图象时,仍能通过这些特下点来定位并提取水印,此算法中,水印的嵌入是在局部图象的小波域中进行的,并采用对小波系数进行特殊量化的方法来隐藏水印比特,而水印的提取不需要原始图象参与,实验结果证明,算法对裁剪有很强的抵抗能力,同时对压缩,滤波,噪声,StirMark攻击等也有较好的鲁棒性。     

基于特征子空间的数字水印技术

根据特五子空间的原理，提出了一种新颖的基于特征子空间的数字水印算法，水印可以嵌入到不同的子空间中从而可以发展为多水印算法，由于特征子空间之间的正交特性，不同子空间中的水印相互独立，其稳健性不随水印数目的增加而变化，水印强度参数根据视觉系统的照度掩蔽和纹理掩蔽特性适当地进行调整，从而同时保证二值水印图像的稳健性和不可见性，该文就单水印，双水印以及多水印情形进行了仿真并进行JPEG压缩，图像缩放，剪切等失真测试，实验结果表明该算法具有很好的感知质量和稳健性并验证了以上分析。     

基于神经网络的小波域数字水印嵌入算法研究

提出一种结合神经网络将二值水印嵌入离散小波变换后的宿主图像中的新方法.为使算法具有更好的不可感知性和鲁棒性,进一步提高它的实用性,结合神经网络理论,创新地提出在小波域实现对数字水印嵌入.该方法是对宿主图像做离散小波分解,取分解后的近似分量作为嵌入位置.在其中随机的选取一些像素点及其邻域,利用神经网络对其进行建模及训练,通过修改其像素值嵌入水印信息.在嵌入之前对二值水印进行了Arnold变换来加密.实验结果表明,算法具有很强的抗几何攻击和承受其他图像处理操作的能力,不可感知性好,鲁棒性明显优于一般小波域嵌入算法,对数字水印的实现具有很强的参考价值.