基于分解事务矩阵的关联规则挖掘算法

Apriori算法是数据挖掘领域挖掘关联规则频繁项目集的经典算法,但该算法存在产生大量的候选项目集及需要多次扫描数据库的缺陷。为此提出一种新的挖掘关联规则频繁项目集算法（ CApriori算法）：利用分解事务矩阵来压缩存放数据库的相关信息,进而对分解事务矩阵进行关联规则挖掘;优化了由频繁k -1项目集生成频繁k项目集的连接过程;提出了一种不需要扫描数据库,利用行集“与运算”快速计算支持数的方法,改进算法挖掘所有的频繁项目集只需扫描数据库两次。实验结果表明,改进算法在最小支持度较小时效率高于Apriori算法。     

基于Galois联络的最小非冗余关联规则挖掘

关联规则挖掘是NP难题,关键是如何约简频繁项集。本文以Galois联络为理论基础,应用Galois联络的闭包运算及其性质定义数据库中的频繁项和封闭频繁项,提出了挖掘关联规则生成子、精确关联规则生成基和近似关联规则本征基的概念,并由此构造最小非冗余精确关联规则和近似关联规则挖掘的MNRM算法。该算法与Apriori算法相比较,挖掘的关联规则是最小非冗余的,降低了计算复杂度,而且规则具有不丢失任何信息、最小前件和最大后件以及对用户最实用和最相关等优点。     

一种改进的Apriori算法

关联规则挖掘是数据挖掘研究领域中的一个重要任务,旨在挖掘事务数据库中有趣的关联。Apriori算法是关联规则挖掘中的经典算法。然而Apriori算法存在着产生候选项目集效率低和频繁扫描数据等缺点。提出了一种新的Apriori的改进算法,该算法在生成k(k>1)项频繁集时,不需要重新扫描数据库,只是在生成1项频集时,才需要扫描事务数据库,有效地减少了对事务数据库的读操作,在时间复杂度上较经典的Apriori算法有更加优越的性能。     

基于二进制的约束性关联规则挖掘算法

提出一种基于二进制的约束性关联规则挖掘算法,用数字区间确定候选频繁项的范围,通过数值的递增／减方式交叉产生候选项,利用二进制的逻辑操作计算支持数,并用数字特征减少扫描事务数,以提取满足约束条件的关联规则。该算法适于挖掘任何长度的约束性频繁项目集,且具有较高的运算效率。     

二进制的交叉挖掘关联规则研究

为了易于产生候选频繁项目集和计算项目集的支持数,提出了基于二进制的关联规则挖掘算法,但在搜索候选频繁项目集时仍从集合论出发,沿用传统搜索超集或子集的方法,在一定程度上效率受到了限制;为此提出了一种基于二进制的交叉挖掘关联规则算法,通过数值的递增和递减交叉方式自动产生候选频繁项集,缩短了候选频繁项的搜索空间,并在计算支持数时通过数字特征减少了扫描事务的个数,算法的效率得到了明显提高;该实验结果表明：与现有的二进制关联规则挖掘算法相比,算法是快速而有效的。     

基于频繁链表的完全加权项频繁集挖掘算法

频繁项集的挖掘是关联规则挖掘中一个关键的问题,典型的关联规则挖掘算法都是以数据库的多次扫描来实现的,而且不能即时反映数据库的变化,且其频繁项集的产生都只考虑了项目在数据库中出现的频度而没有考虑项目的重要性。本文提出了一种基于频繁链表的完全加权项频繁集的挖掘算法,该算法不但能动态反映数据库的变化,而且在频繁集的挖掘中只需扫描一次数据库,并根据项目的重要性程度对项目赋予了一定的权值,用以挖掘人们更感兴趣的关联规则。     

基于图的关联规则改进算法

关联规则挖掘是数据挖掘研究的最重要课题之一。基于图的关联规则挖掘DLG算法通过一次扫描数据库构建关联图,然后遍历该关联图产生频繁项集,有效地提高了关联规则挖掘的性能。在分析该算法基本原理基础上,提出了一种改进的算法—DLG#。改进算法在关联图构造同时构造项集关联矩阵,在候选项集生成时结合关联图和Apriori性质对冗余项集进行剪枝,减少了候选项集数,简化了候选项集的验证。比较实验结果表明,在不同数据集和不同支持度阈值下,改进算法都能更快速的发现频繁项集,当频繁项集平均长度较大时性能提高明显。     

一种基于编码的关联规则挖掘算法

关联规则挖掘算法Apriori算法在挖掘频繁模式时需要产生大量的候选项集,多次扫描数据库,时空复杂度过高.针对该算法的局限性,提出了一种通过对项编码来减少扫描数据库次数并通过删除项来减少候选项集的数量,从而提高算法的效率.相同条件下的实验结果表明,优化后的算法能有效地提高关联规则挖掘的效率.     

基于层次梯度分析的协同数据挖掘算法

传统的关联规则挖掘算法易形成大量频繁项目集,不适用于异构环境下海量交通数据的挖掘。为此,提出基于层次梯度且无候选项分析的协同数据挖掘算法。采用挖掘主题数据库和层次梯度构建层次业务数据库,逐层深度挖掘局部频繁项。利用弱化熵模型对频繁项主题数据库进行数据分析,并产生关联规则。实验结果表明,该算法适用于无候选项支持的协同挖掘。     

一种事务互补挖掘算法的研究及应用

提出一种事务互补的挖掘算法,其适合挖掘任何长度的频繁项目集。该算法用事务互补搜索策略产生候选项,使用频繁项目集修剪其子集和非频繁项目集修剪其超集策略减少候选项;在计算支持数时使用了二进制的逻辑运算和事务特性,提高了算法的效率。将其应用到横向空间关联规则挖掘中,实验表明该算法是快速而有效的。     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate