一种面向多目标关联覆盖的无线传感器网络节点优化调度算法

提出一种面向多目标关联点覆盖的无线传感器网络节点优化调度算法D-MTAC．该算法基于数据挖掘中的关联规则和无线传感器网络的能量高效原则,通过挖掘随机部署的网络节点与待监控目标间的关联感知关系给出高频关联目标集,采用优化时间分片和动态自适应选择机制确定能够令责任节点工作状态与网络寿命实现最优匹配的优化调度决策集合．仿真结果表明：在保证目标监控质量的前提下,该算法能够有效降低网络累积能耗并延长网络寿命．     

基于Voronoi图的无线传感器网络K覆盖算法

针对无线传感器网络(WSN)在随机高密度部署节点情况下的多重覆盖问题,提出一个基于Voronoi图的K覆盖算法。该算法利用邻居节点信息计算Voronoi覆盖邻居节点集,构建有向Voronoi覆盖关系图,通过调整关系图中的节点状态实现K覆盖。仿真结果表明,该算法能正确判断网络覆盖率,连通K覆盖的近似最小活动节点集数目少于CCP算法。     

无线传感器网络覆盖优化仿真研究

研究无线传感器覆盖(WSN)优化问题,由于网络传感器节点分布不均匀,又存在冗余等问题。传统WSN高密度部署方法,节点分布极不均匀,节点覆盖区域之间的重复率高,节点浪费严重,导致网络覆盖率低、成本高。为了提高无线传感器网络的覆盖率,提出一种混沌粒子群优化算法(CPSO)的WSN覆盖优化算法。首先以提高网络覆盖率为优化目标,建立WSN覆盖优化数学模型,然后通过粒子间协作进行求解,并对粒子群混沌扰动,保持粒子多样性,从而得到最优网络覆盖。仿真结果表明,相对于其它覆盖优化算法,CPSO能够以较少传感器节点获得较高网络覆盖率,提高了网络通信效率,降低网络成本。     

基于BBO算法的WSN覆盖与连接节点部署方案

针对无线传感器网络中目标节点部署能力差的问题,提出基于生物地理学优化(biogeography-based optimization,BBO)算法的节点部署方案,该方案能够在网络中找到满足K-覆盖和M-连通性要求的传感器节点最佳部署位置。提出的基于BBO的算法为目标节点提供了一种有效的编码方案,通过优化构建的加权多目标函数来获得近似最优解,选择最小数量的合适点P,使得所有目标点在满足K-覆盖的同时,覆盖目标的传感器节点也满足M-连接。仿真结果表明,该方案能够在不同的K和M组合下找到合适位置的最优数,而且与其他技术方案相比,该方案的性能具有明显的优势。     

高效节能的视觉传感器网络目标覆盖算法

针对视觉传感器网络目标覆盖过程中因覆盖冗余、节点剩余能量不均等原因导致网络寿命过短的问题,设计一种视觉传感器网络目标覆盖算法。该算法基于节点与目标的覆盖关联关系,利用关系矩阵及相关运算对覆盖频繁目标集进行挖掘,进而对工作节点进行动态选举,以此延长网络的生存时间。实验结果表明,该算法在保证网络覆盖质量的前提下能够高效地调度工作节点,均衡节点耗能,有效延长网络寿命。     

无线传感网络中基于DSC问题的记忆式算法研究

网络寿命是影响无线传感网络WSN( Wireless Sensor Network)应用最关键因素之一,受到广泛关注。将所有传感节点划分为不相交的传感节点覆盖( Sensor covers)子集,致使每个cover能够覆盖所有目标节点,并且所有cover轮流工作,这是延长网络寿命的有效方案。因此,可通过最大化cover数提高网络寿命,即求解不相交覆盖集DSC( Disjoint Set Cover)问题。为此,提出基于IMA( Improved Memetic Algorithm)算法求解DSC问题。 IMA算法先建立初始矩阵Initial Population,再经优化Optimizer阶段、改进Improver阶段,形成最大化covers。仿真结果表明,与其他启发式算法和进化算法相比,提出的IMA算法能够形成最大化的covers。     

无线传感网络中基于误差椭圆的自适应节点 选择目标跟踪算法

追踪精度与传感器节点能耗是无线传感网络WSN(Wireless Sensor Network)中主要考虑的两个性能指标,现有的许多目标追踪算法在提高追踪精度、降低传感器节点能耗的同时缺乏对传感器节点位置与数目的考虑.因此,提出一种基于误差椭圆的自适应节点选择目标追踪算法,以误差椭圆为基准计算目标最可能出现的区域,然后根据误差判决调整区域内所需激活的传感器节点数量,完成对目标的跟踪.仿真结果表明,该算法可以在保证追踪精度的同时有效降低激活传感器节点数量.     

面向5G网络的WSN网络节点安全部署算法

在部署无线传感器网络（Wireless Sensor Networks,WSN）网络节点的过程中,由于缺乏对节点位置的寻优分析,导致节点的覆盖效果和分布效果不理想,为此提出面向5G网络的WSN网络节点安全部署算法。首先,结合目标覆盖区域的三维空间特征,以集合的形式对无线传感器节点进行表征,并采用概率感知的方式计算节点感知状态,构建WSN节点覆盖模型;其次,引入花朵授粉算法,采用局部授粉的方式设置初始无线传感器节点的位置,以WSN节点覆盖模型输出结果最大化为目标函数开展全局授粉,实现对无线传感器节点位置的更新寻优;最后,通过设置缩放步长因子与迭代次数之间的线性关系,实现对寻优精度的控制。测试结果表明,设计算法的节点覆盖率稳定在91.02%以上,均匀度稳定在16.15以上,均处于较高水平。     

无线传感器网络区域覆盖的拟物拟人优化方法

建立了以节能为目标的无线传感器网络(WSN)区域覆盖优化模型,指出此模型是一个具有指数复杂度的NP问题,针对问题特点设计了三条拟物拟人策略,分别是“拟万有引力“模型、“拟库仑力“模型和“共同富裕“模型.以此为基础,设计了一个拟物拟人算法(QPQSA),此算法是一个基于节点局部信息的分布式迭代算法:仿真结果显示,对于边界复杂的目标区域,无线传感器网络可由随机初始覆盖出发,经过自组织移位调整和功率控制达到一个优化的覆盖方案,经过优化,网络寿命延长了45.03%,覆盖率从72.28%提高至98.79%.     

基于蚁群优化的WSN功率自适应路由算法

为节省节点能量开销,延长无线传感器网络(WSN)的生命周期,在研究蚁群优化算法的基础上,提出一种基于蚁群优化的功率自适应路由算法。在蚂蚁寻路时考虑节点的传输方向、剩余能量和节点间距离。寻找到一条最优路径后,根据相邻两节点间的距离调整节点的发射功率,避免功率过大造成能量浪费。仿真实验结果表明,在节点非均匀分布的情况下,该算法能够有效节省网络开销,延长网络生命周期。     

一种无线传感器网络目标的最优覆盖算法

无线传感器网络点状目标覆盖的算法中,集合分割算法虽简单,但效率低且仅适用于每个传感器节点能量都相等的网络模型.为此,我们对集合分割算法进行改进,提出一种启发式贪心最优覆盖算法.该算法适用于节点能量正态分布的网络模型,采用了关键目标优先覆盖策略和节点能效最大化策略,延长了网络覆盖生命期,提高了算法的效率.实验表明新算法网络生命期延长80%以上,有更好的适应性和稳定性.     

A learning automata-based algorithm for solving coverage problem in directional sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks have been used in a wide variety of applications. Recently, networks consisting of directional sensors have gained prominence. An important challenge facing directional sensor networks (DSNs) is maximizing the network lifetime while covering all the targets in an area. One effective method for saving the sensors’ energy and extending the network lifetime is to partition the DSN into several covers, each of which can cover all targets, and then to activate these covers successively. This paper first proposes a fully distributed algorithm based on irregular cellular learning automata to find a near-optimal solution for selecting each sensor’s appropriate working direction. Then, to find a near-optimal solution that can cover all targets with the minimum number of active sensors, a centralized approximation algorithm is proposed based on distributed learning automata. This algorithm takes advantage of learning automata (LA) to determine the sensors that must be activated at each stage. As the presented algorithm proceeds, the activation process is focused on the sensor nodes that constitute the cover set with the minimum number of active sensors. Through simulations, we indicate that the scheduling algorithm based on LA has better performance than the greedy algorithm-based scheme in terms of maximizing network lifetime.     

多感知范围无线传感器网络中一种分布式目标覆盖算法

基于多感知范围无线传感器网络中节点与目标的覆盖关系,设计了一种目标生命期评估机制。鉴于网络生命期由具有最小生命期的目标决定,在分析节点感知半径变更影响的基础上,提出了两种提高最小目标生命期的策略,建立了一个动态目标覆盖博弈模型,并证明了该博弈存在纯策略的纳什均衡。本文设计了一种分布式目标覆盖算法,算法中节点根据邻居节点的能量分布和目标覆盖情况,选用最优感知半径,以确保目标完全覆盖并延长最小目标生命期。仿真结果表明,在不同的网络中所提算法均能有效地延长网络生命期。     

传感网中带有可控阈值的优化协同覆盖算法

传统型的无线传感器网络(WSNs)覆盖受限于节点能量和数据冗余,迫使WSNs异常中断。为此,提出一种带有可控阈值的优化协同覆盖算法(OCC-CT)。该算法首先确定关注目标节点(FTNs)的位置信息,利用遗传算法(GA)给出了节点路径规划;其次,通过可控阈值参数和变异参数等特性对事件域节点成簇进行优化,使之节点成簇更为均匀,以减少节点能量的消耗,提升对全局目标节点的搜索能力;再次,利用适应函数对所覆盖目标位置及节点监测范围所形成的覆盖连续性进行优化,达到了提高网络覆盖率和延长网络生存周期的目的。最后,仿真实验结果表明,OCC-CT算法与其他三种算法相比在网络覆盖率、网络生存周期等方面平均提升了0.11、0.16,在网络能量开销方面提升了0.14,从而进一步验证了OCC-CT算法具有较强的稳定性和有效性。     

无线传感器网络中能耗均衡的覆盖控制算法

覆盖控制作为无线传感器网络的一个基本问题,对网络的生存时间、部署策略、通信协议和组网等问题的解决具有重要影响。在传感器节点随机冗余部署方式下,传统的方式 是在保证覆盖要求和通信连通的前提下仅将最少量的节点投入活跃工作状态,从而降低网络能耗。但是,若频繁地激活同一批节点,会造成这些节点由于能耗过快而较早失效效,使整个网络的冗余程度降低。然而,冗余度是传感器网络在单个节点性能有限的情况下提高整个网络的可靠性、容错性、精确性等的基础。为此,本文提出了一个能耗均衡ECB的覆盖问题,指出它是NP完全的,并给出了一个集中式近似算法。该算法根据节点的剩余能量赋于每个节点非负权,再基于Voronoi划分和贪心边方法,在保证覆盖要求的同时选择权和最小的节点激活。仿真实验结果表明,ECB算法求得的活跃节点集小,可以达到有效覆盖,并且可以保持网络的冗余度。     

Sensing task assignment via sensor selection for maximum target coverage in WSNs

In this paper, we consider the problem of assigning the sensing task to cover maximum number of targets while minimizing the energy consumption of the sensing operation. To this end, we define the sensing task as an optimization problem of adjusting the sensing range parameter jointly with selection of nodes in a target coverage mission. We derive an energy consumption model for the sensing operation and propose a distributed greedy-based heuristic. Each node extracts a priority value based on its utility function, which is related to the distances of targets from that node. Nodes with less priority reduce their sensing range before their neighbors and optimal adjustment of sensing range of active nodes is done via a dual-based algorithm. We further extend the algorithm for scenarios with dynamic movements of targets and for localization of possible targets between neighboring nodes. Comparison of simulation results with three other methods, shows an average reduction of 30% and a maximum of 38% in the sensing energy consumption by reducing the overlaps at an average of 56%. As a result of adjusting the sensing ranges and reduced overlaps, energy consumption is distributed more uniformly in the network, which consequences in increasing the network lifetime by 26%.     

Primal and dual-based algorithms for sensing range adjustment in WSNs

Coverage and tracking of multiple targets, are viewed as important challenges in WSNs, mainly aimed for future ubiquitous and pervasive applications. Target coverage in WSNs with large numbers of sensor nodes and targets, and with a predefined placement of sensors, may be conducted through adjusting the sensing range and considering the energy consumption related to this operation. In this paper, we encounter the problem of multiple target coverage in WSNs by determining the sensing range of each sensor node to maximize the total utility of the network. We solve this Network Utility Maximization (NUM) problem via two approaches, primal and dual decompositions, which result in iterative distributed price-based algorithms. Convergence of sensing ranges to optimal values is proved by means of stability analysis and simulation experiments. Simulation results show convergence to optimal values in few iterations, with near optimal values for the total objective function and energy consumption of nodes. These results show scalability of our algorithm, in terms of the number of iterations needed for convergence when compared with the other two methods. Furthermore, the distributed algorithm based on dual decomposition is used to cover efficiently moving targets in consecutive time intervals.     

WSN中基于线性规划的多类别目标覆盖算法

多类别目标覆盖问题是目前无线传感器网络中的研究热点。针对现有目标覆盖算法在时间效率、网络生命周期等方面的不足,将多类别目标覆盖问题建模为基于线性规划的网络生命周期最大化问题,提出一种基于分簇的目标覆盖算法。该算法依据节点的剩余能量和感应能力,在每个簇结构内求解最优覆盖集的基础上得到接近于最优解的全局覆盖集,进而调度节点相应的感应模块去覆盖其感知范围内同属性的目标。实验结果表明,该算法是有效的,在网络生命周期和时间效率等方面均优于CWGC方案,接近于线性规划最优值。     

Multi-objective optimization for coverage control in wireless sensor network with adjustable sensing radius

In this paper, the problem of maintaining sensing coverage by keeping a small number of active sensor nodes and a small amount of energy consumption in a wireless sensor network is studied. As opposed to the uniform sensing model previously, we consider a large number of sensors with adjustable sensing radius that are randomly deployed to monitor a target area. A novel coverage control scheme based on elitist non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is proposed in a heterogeneous sensor network. By devising a cluster-based architecture, the algorithm is applied in a distributed way. Furthermore, an ameliorated binary coding is addressed to represent both sensing radius adjustment and sensor selection. Numerical and simulation results validate that the procedure to find the optimal balance point among the maximum coverage rate, the least energy consumption, as well as the minimum number of active nodes is fast and effective.     

基于事件驱动机制WSN覆盖算法

针对无线传感器网络覆盖方法自身特点以及在覆盖过程中消耗大量传感器节点能量的不足,提出了一种事件驱动机制的覆盖算法。该算法通过事件驱动机制使节点之间完成了状态转换,同时建立了传感器节点与目标节点之间的关联属性,从而有效地减少节点能量的消耗,延长了网络生存周期,优化了网络资源,确保了以最少的节点完成对目标区域的完全覆盖。仿真实验结果表明,该算法中节点能量的消耗与LEACH协议相比降低了7%,验证了该算法的实效性和稳定性。