X结构下VLSI多层绕障Steiner最小树算法

Steiner最小树作为VLSI布线的基础模型,应进一步考虑到X结构、障碍物、多层等条件,文中基于粒子群优化提出了多层绕障X结构Steiner最小树算法.首先引入边变换操作以改变布线树的拓扑,使其具有较强的绕障能力;为了避免边变换操作带来的布线树环路问题,结合并查集策略设计新的操作算子;为了保证布线边不违反约束,提出一个与绕障情况及通孔数相关的惩罚函数策略,从而优化了多层布线中布线总代价这一最重要的目标.实验结果表明,相对于同类算法,该算法在布线总代价的优化能力上是最强的.     

消除拥挤的多层总体布线新流程

提出一种在布线前进行层分配的总体布线算法,基于一个多层布线的新流程,使用包含线网所有端点的边界盒来估计线网拥挤度,并基于拥挤度均匀的目标把线网分配到不同层对上.该算法已经实现并进行了测试,实验结果证明了其有效性.     

一种减少重复搜索的FPGA快速布线算法

为了提高FPGA布线的运行速度,提出一种减少重复搜索的快速布线算法,该算法分为布通驱动布线算法和时序驱动布线算法.在布通驱动布线算法中,通过把线网的布线路径转换成连接的布线路径来判断每条连接的路径中是否存在拥塞节点,如果存在,保留其布线路径,否则重新进行搜索;时序驱动布线算法采用临界度判定机制来平衡运行速度和时序性能之间的比重.实验结果表明,与公认的VPR布线算法相比,布通驱动布线算法和时序驱动布线算法的运行时间分别平均减少了95.19%和28.98%,且时序驱动布线算法的关键路径延时减少了4.80%.     

采用统一建模的拥挤度驱动三维芯片布局算法

三维芯片设计对于提高芯片性能以及减少线长显现了很好的优势,降低连线拥挤度是保证布线成功率和三维芯片实现的关键.为了解决三维芯片布局阶段的拥挤度问题,提出一种拥挤度驱动的三维芯片布局算法.该算法首先对拥挤度单元分布和线长等优化目标进行统一建模,利用二次规划求解单元位置,得到一个单元分布均匀、走线均匀以及线长优化的总体布局;然后利用拥挤度驱动的层分配算法将空间上均匀分布的单元分配到各个芯片层上;最后对各个芯片层进行详细布局,消除重叠,优化拥挤度和线长.实验结果表明,该算法能够改善走线拥挤度约15%,而线长仅有3%的增加.     

基于自适应PSO和混合转换策略的X结构Steiner最小树算法

X结构Steiner最小树(XSMT)是非曼哈顿结构总体布线算法中多端线网的最佳连接模型,属于NP难问题.文中基于混合转换策略和自适应粒子群优化算法,提出XSMT构造算法.首先设计有效的混合转换策略,扩大算法寻优空间,提高算法收敛效率.为了满足粒子编码的健全性,算法的更新方式引入带并查集策略的交叉和变异算子,同时采取自适应调整学习因子的策略,加快粒子群优化算法的收敛速度.实验表明,文中算法能得到较好的XSMT求解方案,获得多种不同拓扑的XSMTs,有利于VLSI总体布线阶段的拥挤度优化.     

确定区域详细布线算法

提出了一种确定区域的详细布线算法,它能对不同设计模式进行布线。该算法能适用于任意多层布线情况,并且支持不同布线层具有的不同工艺参数,在构造布线树时,考虑芯片当前的走线拥挤度,使布线比较平均,并加快了算法运行速度、改善了布线质量,在连接两点线网时,构造基于二维迷宫布线结果的分层图,提出了一种对分层图的启发式染色算示来进行布线层分配,大大提高算法布线速度,采用拆线重布的方法来处理布线失败的线网。     

一种新的与线网顺序无关的随机优化总体布线算法

针对目前总体布线中仍然存在的3个关键问题;布线结果受布线顺序的影响、总体布线图中拥挤区域的不可预见性、线网连接式样受到算法的限制等,该文提出了一种新的不受线网顺序影响的总体布线算法,并实现了相应的总体布线器RINO－Router。该算法采用随机优化方法来保 证先后被拆线重布的线网有相同的通过拥挤区域的机会,并能得到GRG边的拥挤度估计值;采用高效的Steiner树改造算法构造避开拥挤区域的布线树,采用典型电路实例进行了测试,并将布线结果与基于多商品流算法的总体布线器Matula-Router进行了对比。结果表明,RINO－Router能够在短得多的运行时间内求得质量与Matula-Router相近的总体布线解。     

集成电路物理设计中的快速可布性评估算法

集成电路可布性评估在集成电路物理设计中针对布局结果进行有效的评估,作为对布局的反馈信息,并指导后续布线阶段的工作,避免了当后续布线无法完成时再回到前面布局阶段进行重新布局的被动局面,减少了物理设计的迭代周期.提出一种快速可布性评估算法,采用新的基于概率模型的估计算法,利用边界框进行拥挤度的预估,并在概率指导下进行实际布线.文中算法可以在很短的运行时间内对拥挤情况进行较为准确、客观的分析,线长较短.     

DrPlace:基于深度学习的可布线性驱动布局算法

在集成电路物理设计的布局阶段,针对基于深度学习的布局算法结果可布线性较差的问题,在开源的DREAMPlace算法的基础上提出并实现了一种基于深度学习的可布线性驱动布局算法DrPlace.算法模型在总体上设计并实现了布局器的整体框架,集成了基于深度学习的可布线性驱动总体布局、可布线性驱动的合法化和详细布局.总体布局过程中,在目标函数中加入了引脚密度函数,并实现了基于GPU的引脚密度的关键内核.在ISPD2011和DAC 2012布局实例上的实验结果表明,该算法与DREAMPlace相比在可布线性上获得了提升,且在运行时间、线长和可布线性方面均优于传统的可布线性驱动布局算法.     

优化线长和拥挤度的增量式布局算法

随着IC技术的发展，降低连线拥挤度已经成为一个保证布线成功率的至关重要的因素．提出一种标准单元增量式布局算法C-ECOP．该算法通过一个新型的布线估计模型来精确估算布局以后的走线情况，利用力驱动的方法进行单元插入和单元推移来消除局部拥挤，同时进一步优化线长．来自美国工业界的测试实例表明，该算法能够很好地消除走线局部拥挤，同时尽量维持原有布局方案的电路性能，并且具有很高的效率．     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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