基于量子位Bloch坐标的量子遗传算法及其应用

提出了一种基于量子位Bloch坐标的量子遗传算法. 该方法用量子位构成染色体; 用量子位的Bloch坐标构成染色体上的基因位; 用量子旋转门进行染色体上量子位的更新; 用量子非门进行染色体变异. 对于量子旋转门的转角大小及方向的确定, 提出了一种简易快捷的新方法; 对旋转和变异操作, 提出了基于量子位Bloch坐标的新算子. 该算法将量子位的3个Bloch 坐标都看作基因位, 每条染色体包含3条并列的基因链, 每条基因链代表1个优化解.在染色体数目相同时, 可加速优化进程. 以函数极值优化和神经网络权值优化为例, 仿真结果表明该方法在搜索能力和优化效率两个方面优于普通量子遗传算法和简单遗传算法.     

一种改进的双链量子遗传算法及其应用*

针对目前双链量子遗传算法中保持种群多样性和改善优化效率问题提出了三种改进方法。通过在量子比特概率幅三角函数表达式中引入常数因子,使搜索过程在多个周期上同时进行,以改善算法的优化效率;提出了一种基于单比特量子Hadamard的变异策略,可提高保持种群多样性的概率;改进了量子旋转门转角步长函数,能够有效避免算法震荡,增强算法的适应性。以多变量函数极值优化问题为例,仿真实验结果表明上述三种改进措施是有效的。     

基于量子神经网络的油田水淹层识别方法

针对油藏测井解释中的水淹层识别问题,提出一种量子神经网络模型。该模型用量子旋转门更新量子比特的相位,用受控旋转门实现网络的非线性映射功能。网络可调参数为量子旋转门的旋转角度和受控非门的控制参数。基于梯度下降法设计了学习算法。仿真结果表明,该模型的预测能力优于普通BP网络、模糊神经网络和过程神经网络等其他方法。     

模糊量子遗传算法及其应用

将模糊逻辑与量子理论相结合,提出了基于模糊逻辑的量子遗传算法（FQGA）。该方法使用模糊推理机指导量子门染色体更新和变异,自适应地调整量子门旋转角和变异概率。仿真结果表明：FQGA具有全局寻优能力、收敛速度快和计算时间短等优越性。     

基于改进QGA的T-S模糊控制器设计

利用基于量子位测量的二进制量子遗传算法(QGA)对连续问题进行优化时,频繁的解码运算严重降低了优化效率。针对该问题,提出一种基于量子位相位编码的QGA。该算法直接采用量子位的相位对染色体进行编码,利用量子旋转门实现染色体上相位的更新,通过Pauli-Z门实现染色体的变异,由于优化过程统一在 空间进行,因此对不同尺度空间的优化问题具有良好的适应性。以单级倒立摆T-S模糊控制器参数的优化设计为例进行仿真,证明该算法在搜索能力和优化效率方面的优势。     

实数编码量子进化算法

为求解复杂函数优化问题,基于量子计算的相关概念和原理,提出一种实数编码量子进化算法.首先构造了由自变量向量的一个分量和量子比特的一对概率幅为等位基因的三倍体染色体,增加了解的多样性;然后利用量子旋转门和依据量子比特概率幅满足归一化条件设计的互补双变异算子进化染色体,实现局部搜索和全局搜索的平衡.标准函数仿真表明,该算法适合求解复杂函数优化问题,具有收敛速度快、全局搜索能力强和稳定性好的优点.     

一种量子衍生神经网络模型

为提高神经网络的逼近能力,通过在普通BP网络中引入量子旋转门,提出了一种新颖的量子衍生神经网络模型. 该模型隐层由量子神经元组成,每个量子神经元携带一组量子旋转门,用于更新隐层的量子权值,输入层和输出层均为普通神经元. 基于误差反传播算法设计了该模型的学习算法. 模式识别和函数逼近的实验结果验证了提出模型及算法的有效性.     

基于序列输入的量子神经网络模型及算法

为提高神经网络的逼近能力,提出一种各维输入为离散序列的量子神经网络模型及算法.该模型为3层结构,隐层为量子神经元,输出层为普通神经元.量子神经元由量子旋转门和多位受控非门组成,利用多位受控非门中目标量子位的输出向输入端的反馈,实现对输入序列的整体记忆,利用受控非门输出中多位量子比特的纠缠获得量子神经元的输出.基于量子计算理论设计该模型的学习算法.该模型可从宽度和深度两方面获取输入序列的特征.仿真结果表明,当输入节点数和序列长度满足一定关系时,该模型明显优于普通神经网络.     

基于通用量子门的量子遗传算法及应用

为加快量子遗传算法的参数更新速度,简化遗传操作步骤,提出了一种基于通用量子门的量子遗传算法（Quantum Genetic Algorithm with Universal Quantum Gate,UQGA）。该方法以通用量子门为逻辑计算单位,对染色体进行遗传操作。利用Hadamard门进行基础变换;通用量子门通过新的旋转角度函数,对各个基因位进行选择、变异操作;通过求解适应度函数,得到全局最优解;同时,算法经数学证明是收敛的。该算法应用到函数极值搜索和Iris数据集特征选择中。实验结果表明,UQGA具有较好的全局搜索和特征选择性能,尤其是在收敛速度、运算时间和分类准确率方面明显优于普通量子遗传算法和普通遗传算法。     

求解0-1背包问题的量子蚁群算法

0-1背包问题是组合优化中经典的NP难题,在蚁群算法的基础上结合量子计算提出一种求解0-1背包问题的量子蚁群算法。算法采用量子比特表示信息素,用量子旋转门来更新信息素。大量数据实例的比较测试表明,算法可有效提高蚂蚁算法的性能,减少搜索时间,具有更好的全局寻优能力。     

A quantum bi-directional self-organizing neural network (QBDSONN) architecture for binary object extraction from a noisy perspective

This article proposes an efficient technique for binary object extraction in real time from noisy background using quantum bi-directional self-organizing neural network (QBDSONN) architecture. QBDSONN exploits the power of quantum computation. It is composed of three second order neighborhood topology based inter-connected layers of neurons (represented by qubits) arranged as input, intermediate and output layers. In the suggested network architecture, the inter-connection weights and activation values are represented by rotation gates. A self-supervised learning algorithm, suggested in this proposed architecture, relies on the steepest descent algorithm. The quantum neurons enjoy full-connectivity in each layer of the network architecture. The image pixels in terms of qubits are self-organized in between the intermediate or hidden and output layers of the QBDSONN architecture using counter-propagation of the quantum states to obviate time consuming quantum back propagation algorithm. In the final phase, quantum measurement is carried out at the output layer to eliminate superposition of the quantum states of the outputs. In order to establish the result, the proposed QBDSONN architecture is applied on an artificial synthetic and on a real life spanner image with different degrees of uniform and Gaussian noises. Experimental results show that QBDSONN outperforms both its classical counterpart and the supervised auto-associative Hopfield network as far as extraction time is concerned and it retains the shapes of the extracted images with great precision. Experiments are also carried out using a linear method named local statistics (Wiener filter) and a nonlinear technique named median filter with adaptive discrete wavelet transformations (DWT) for binary object extraction to show the dominance of the proposed QBDSONN with respect to the quality of extracted images. Finally, a statistical significance of the proposed QBDSONN is reported by applying 2 sample one sided Kolmogorov–Smirnov test with the existing methods.     

An efficient quantum neuro-fuzzy classifier based on fuzzy entropy and compensatory operation

In this paper, a quantum neuro-fuzzy classifier (QNFC) for classification applications is proposed. The proposed QNFC model is a five-layer structure, which combines the compensatory-based fuzzy reasoning method with the traditional Takagi–Sugeno–Kang (TSK) fuzzy model. The compensatory-based fuzzy reasoning method uses adaptive fuzzy operations of neuro-fuzzy systems that can make the fuzzy logic system more adaptive and effective. Layer 2 of the QNFC model contains quantum membership functions, which are multilevel activation functions. Each quantum membership function is composed of the sum of sigmoid functions shifted by quantum intervals. A self-constructing learning algorithm, which consists of the self-clustering algorithm (SCA), quantum fuzzy entropy and the backpropagation algorithm, is also proposed. The proposed SCA method is a fast, one-pass algorithm that dynamically estimates the number of clusters in an input data space. Quantum fuzzy entropy is employed to evaluate the information on pattern distribution in the pattern space. With this information, we can determine the number of quantum levels. The backpropagation algorithm is used to tune the adjustable parameters. The simulation results have shown that (1) the QNFC model converges quickly; (2) the QNFC model has a higher correct classification rate than other models.     

量子协同免疫动态优化算法

基于协同策略和量子免疫计算理论,提出量子协同免疫动态优化算法,并从理论上证明算法的全局收敛性.该算法采用量子比特编码表达种群中的抗体,并采用量子旋转门和动态调整旋转步长策略来演化抗体,加速原有克隆算子的收敛.该算法中引入协同策略增强子群体间的信息交流,提高种群的多样性,同时利用量子编码种群的关联性,使算法具有更强的稳定性,能够较好地适应于动态问题的求解.文中通过一系列动态背包测试问题和交叉验证(t检验)实验表明,量子协同免疫动态优化算法具有更强的鲁棒性和适应性,显示出较优越的性能.     

基于动态交叉协同的属性量子进化约简与分类学习级联算法

属性约简与规则分类学习是粗糙集理论研究和应用的重要内容。文中充分利用量子计算加速算法速度和混合蛙跳算法高效协同搜索等优势,提出一种基于动态交叉协同的量子蛙跳属性约简与分类学习的级联算法。该算法用量子态比特进行蛙群个体编码,以动态量子角旋转调整策略实现属性染色体快速约简,并在粗糙熵阈值分类标准内采用量子蛙群混合交叉协同进化机制提取和约简分类规则、组合决策规则链等,最后构造属性约简和分类学习双重功能级联模型。仿真实验验证该算法不仅具有较高的全局优化性能,且属性约简与规则分类学习的精度和效率均超过同类算法。     

Binary image denoising using a quantum multilayer self organizing neural network

Several classical techniques have evolved over the years for the purpose of denoising binary images. But the main disadvantages of these classical techniques lie in that an a priori information regarding the noise characteristics is required during the extraction process. Among the intelligent techniques in vogue, the multilayer self organizing neural network (MLSONN) architecture is suitable for binary image preprocessing tasks.In this article, we propose a quantum version of the MLSONN architecture. Similar to the MLSONN architecture, the proposed quantum multilayer self organizing neural network (QMLSONN) architecture comprises three processing layers viz., input, hidden and output layers. The different layers contains qubit based neurons. Single qubit rotation gates are designated as the network layer interconnection weights. A quantum measurement at the output layer destroys the quantum states of the processed information thereby inducing incorporation of linear indices of fuzziness as the network system errors used to adjust network interconnection weights through a quantum backpropagation algorithm.Results of application of the proposed QMLSONN are demonstrated on a synthetic and a real life binary image with varying degrees of Gaussian and uniform noise. A comparative study with the results obtained with the MLSONN architecture and the supervised Hopfield network reveals that the QMLSONN outperforms the MLSONN and the Hopfield network in terms of the computation time.     

量子神经网络在PID参数调整中的应用

提出一种基于量子神经网络(QNNs)的比例积分微分(PID)参数在线调整方法.通过构造受控量子旋转门,给出一个量子神经元模型,其中包括输入量子比特相位的旋转角度和控制量2种设计参数.在此基础上提出一个量子神经网络模型,利用梯度下降法设计该模型的学习算法,并将其用于PID参数的在线调整,实验结果表明,QNNs的调整能力及...     

基于Bloch球面坐标的量子粒子群算法

为了提高粒子群优化(PSO)算法的优化效率,结合量子理论提出一种基于Bloch球面坐标的量子粒子群优化算法。在Bloch球面坐标下,粒子自动更新旋转角大小和粒子位置,不需将旋转角以查询表的形式设定(或设定为区间上的固定值),弥补了Bloch球面坐标下量子进化算法和量子遗传算法的不足,算法更具有普遍性;用量子Hadamard门实现粒子的变异,增强了种群的多样性,促使粒子跳出局部极值点。对典型函数优化问题的仿真结果表明,提出的算法稳定性强,精度高,收敛速度快,具有一定的实用价值。     

一种基于实数编码的量子免疫克隆算法

传统量子位编码方案需要频繁的解码运算,降低算法效率。为此,提出一种基于实数编码的量子免疫克隆选择算法。该算法采用实数编码方式,应用Logistic映射产生混沌变量作为量子旋转门旋转角。实验结果表明,该算法适用于解决复杂多极值连续函数的寻优问题,编码简单,收敛速度快,寻优能力强。     

Observer-Based Adaptive Controller Design of Flexible Manipulators Using Time-Delay Neuro-Fuzzy Networks

In this paper, a dynamical time-delay neuro-fuzzy controller is proposed for the adaptive control of a flexible manipulator. It is assumed that the robotic manipulator has only joint angle position measurements. A linear observer is used to estimate the robot joint angle velocity. For a perfect tracking control of the robot, the output redefinition approach is used in the adaptive controller design using time-delay neuro-fuzzy networks. The time-delay neuro-fuzzy networks with the rule representation of the TSK type fuzzy system have better learning ability for complex dynamics as compared with existing neural networks. The novel control structure and learning algorithm are given, and a simulation for the trajectory tracking of a flexible manipulator illustrates the control performance of the proposed control approach.     

基于多链拓展编码方案的量子遗传算法

为了提高量子遗传算法的性能,提出了一种基于多链拓展编码方案的量子遗传算法。根据编码方案,将每个量子位分解为多个并列的基因,有效地拓展了搜索空间;结合编码方案提出量子更新策略,并引入了动态调整旋转角机制对个体进行更新,使用量子非门变异策略实现量子变异。仿真实验中,分析了使用不同变异概率[0,0.1,…,0.9,1]时对算法性能的影响,对比了分别使用普通量子遗传算法、双链编码方案、三链编码方案以及四链编码方案的量子遗传算法在优化函数极值问题时算法的性能。实验结果证明,通过增加基因链可以显著提高算法的性能,多链拓展编码方案可以提高量子遗传算法的性能,是有效的。