Cryptanalysis of Arshad et al.’s ECC-based mutual authentication scheme for session initiation protocol

Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) has been widely used in the current Internet protocols such as Hyper Text Transport Protocol (HTTP) and Simple Mail Transport Protocol (SMTP). However, the original SIP authentication scheme was insecure and many researchers tried to propose schemes to overcome the flaws. In the year 2011, Arshad et al. proposed a SIP authentication protocol using elliptic curve cryptography (ECC), but their scheme suffered from off-line password guessing attack along with password change pitfalls. To conquer the mentioned weakness, we proposed an ECC-based authentication scheme for SIP. Our scheme only needs to compute four elliptic curve scale multiplications and two hash-to-point operations, and maintains high efficiency. The analysis of security of the ECC-based protocol shows that our scheme is suitable for the applications with higher security requirement.     

A secure and efficient mutual authentication scheme for session initiation protocol

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) as the core signaling protocol for multimedia services is receiving much attention. Authentication is becoming increasingly crucial issue when a user asks to use SIP services. Many authentication schemes for the SIP have been proposed. Very recently, Zhang et al. has presented an authentication scheme for SIP and claimed their scheme could overcome various attacks while maintaining efficiency. In this research, we illustrate that their scheme is susceptible to the insider attack and does not provide proper mutual authentication. We then propose a modified secure mutual authentication scheme to conquer the security flaws in Zhang et al.’s scheme. Through the informal and formal security analyses, we demonstrate that our scheme is resilient possible known attacks including the attacks found in Zhang et al.’s scheme. In addition, the performance analysis shows that our scheme has better efficiency in comparison with other related ECC-based authentication schemes for SIP.     

SIP协议的安全性研究

SIP协议正成为VoIP通信的主流协议之一。面对复杂、开放的Internet应用环境，SIP协议的安全性有待于进一步改进和提高。文中全面分析了SIP协议面临的安全威胁，并通过模拟攻击实验进行验证，最后提出了其认证机制的改进方法，并部署安全SIP解决方案。     

Practical authentication scheme for SIP

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is commonly used to establish Voice over IP (VoIP) calls. However, the original authentication scheme for SIP-based service typically uses HTTP Digest authentication protocol, which is s not providing security at an acceptable level. In this paper, we propose a secure and practical password-only authenticated key agreement scheme for SIP using elliptic curve cryptography(ECC). Our scheme is remarkable efficient and quite simple to use. And yet we can provide the rigorous proof of the security for it. Therefore, the end result is more suited to be a candidate for SIP authentication scheme. In addition, we also suggest an extended scheme capable of providing anonymity, privacy, and location privacy to protect the user’s personal information and his real identity.     

A secure authentication scheme with anonymity for session initiation protocol using elliptic curve cryptography

As a signaling protocol for controlling communication on the internet, establishing, maintaining, and terminating the sessions, the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is widely used in the world of multimedia communication. To ensure communication security, many authentication schemes for the SIP have been proposed. However, those schemes cannot ensure user privacy since they cannot provide user anonymity. To overcome weaknesses in those authentication schemes with anonymity for SIP, we propose an authentication scheme with anonymity using elliptic curve cryptograph. By a sophisticated analysis of the security of the proposed protocol, we show that the proposed scheme not only overcomes weaknesses in previous schemes but also is very efficient. Therefore, it is suitable for applications with higher security requirements.     

Cryptanalysis and improvement of a robust smart card secured authentication scheme on SIP using elliptic curve cryptography

The session initiation protocol (SIP) has been receiving a lot of attention to provide security in the Voice over IP (VoIP) in Internet and mobility management. Recently, Yeh et al. proposed a smart card-based authentication scheme for SIP using elliptic curve cryptography (ECC). They claimed that their scheme is secure against known security attacks. However, in this paper, we indicate that Yeh et al.’s scheme is vulnerable to off-line password guessing attack, user impersonation attack and server impersonation attack, in the case that the smart card is stolen and the information stored in the smart card is disclosed. As a remedy, we also propose an improved smart card-based authentication scheme which not only conquers the security weaknesses of the related schemes but also provides a reduction in computational cost. The proposed scheme also provides the user anonymity and untraceability, and allows a user to change his/her password without informing the remote server. To show the security of our protocol, we prove its security the random oracle model.     

基于SIP协议的CSTA呼叫模型的实现探讨

随着VoIP(Voice over Internet Protocol)的迅速发展,作为VoIP的主流协议的SIP协议成为各大运营商和设备商所关注的热点,出现了许多用SIP协议来通信的软终端。为了可以引入更多的用户对呼叫中心的使用,提出了一种基于SIP协议和CSTA呼叫模型的实现方法,将SIP协议和CSTA呼叫模型结合起来,用SIP协议来实现终端和服务器的通信并实时对外汇报终端状态的变化,这样就可以实现第三方监控,并通过测试验证了其可行性。     

VoIP通信协议IAX与SIP协议互通机制的研究与实现

IAX作为一种轻量级和低带宽消耗的VoIP通信协议日益得到关注。在实际部署过程中，必须解决IAX与SIP协议的互通问题。文中从注册和接入认证机制，呼叫流程与SIP协议的映射对照，以及语音帧(MINIFRAME)和RTP/RTCP的转换等方面，详细分析了IAX与SIP协议互通中的难点问题并给出了具体的解决方案。     

SIP协议的认证机制及其性能分析

SIP协议是IETF提出的IP电话标准,有着很好的应用前景。讨论了SIP协议的安全认证机制,并通过基于开放源码的Java程序在一个SIP代理服务器上的执行,对该应用中SIP协议安全机制及有关性能进行了分析评价。     

基于RADIUS与SIP的VoIP认证计费系统的研究

为了解决VoIP认证计费问题,介绍了RADIUS协议及SIP认证方式,提出了扩展RADIUS协议以支持SIP认证的方法,并详细说明了经由认证处理的呼叫建立过程,给出了基于RADIUS和SIP协议的VoIP认证的具体实现方式,最后通过在SIP代理服务器上部署相应的计费策略,并结合RADIUS服务器的计费功能,给出了VoIP计费的实现方法.     

Multimedia Internet Rekeying for secure session mobility in ubiquitous mobile networks

Session mobility is one of new critical issues in the ubiquitous mobile networking environment. Session mobility provides a user changing its ongoing multimedia session, e.g., Voice-over-Internet Protocol (VoIP), from the currently using device to another by adapting user’s demand. In session Initial Protocol (SIP)-based multimedia services supporting session mobility, SIP serves as a signaling control protocol to negotiate session control, whereas media is transmitted using Real-time Transport Protocol (RTP). For securing multimedia sessions, Multimedia Internet Keying (MIKEY) is embedded in SIP signaling to negotiate security parameters for Secure RTP (SRTP), whereas SRTP is used to protect media stream. Since session mobility allows an ongoing multimedia session to be transferred from one device to another, a new security problem is raised, i.e., sensitive parameters may remain in the previous device when the ongoing multimedia session has been transferred to the current device. Unfortunately, current MIKEY cannot bear the aforementioned security problem in session mobility. Therefore, we propose Multimedia Internet Rekeying (MIRKEY) for session mobility in the ubiquitous mobile networking environment. Although MIKEY can be executed again to carry out the rekeying of the session key and Crypto Session bundle (CSB) update, the sensitive parameters still remain in previous devices. MIRKEY contains a SBK to bind the participated user and multimedia session. Besides, SBK can persist in rekeying based on the key chain whenever a multimedia session is transferred to other devices. As a result, SBK is operative only in the specific device. As a result, MIRKEY can solve the newly raised security problem in session mobility. Furthermore, we verify MIRKEY using Burrows–Abadi–Needham (BAN) logic and realize it in the implemented ubiquitous multimedia service platform (UMSP).     

基于DSPN的SIP协议行为模型

会话启动协议SIP作为推荐的Internet会议和VoIP信令控制协议,在RFC中没有严格地给出其行为的形式化模型。论文利用确定与随机Petri网(deterministicandstochasticPetrinets,DSPN)给出了SIP核心事务的形式化模型,为进一步的协议分析和实现奠定了基础。     

Formal analysis for robust anti-SPIT protection using model checking

Anti-SPIT policies counter the SPam over Internet Telephony (SPIT) by distinguishing bots launching unsolicited bulks of VoIP calls from human beings. We propose an Anti-SPIT Policy Management mechanism (aSPM) that detects spam calls and prevents VoIP session establishment by the Session Initiation Protocol (SIP). The SPIN model checker is used to formally model and analyze the robustness of the aSPM mechanism in execution scenarios with parallel SIP sessions. In case of a possible design flaw, the model checker provides a trace of the caught unexpected behavior (counterexample), that can be used for the revision of the mechanism’s design. Our SPIN model is parameterized, based on measurements from experiments with VoIP users. Non-determinism plays a key role in representing all possible anti-SPIT policy decisions, in terms of the SIP messages that may be exchanged. The model checking results provide evidence for the timeliness of the parallel SIP sessions, the absence of deadlocks or livelocks, and the fairness for the VoIP service users. These findings ensure robust anti-SPIT protection, meaning that the aSPM mechanism operates as expected, despite the occurrence of random SPIT calls and communication error messages. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis for exhaustively searching security policy flaws, due to complex interactions between anti-SPIT measures and the SIP protocol services.     

基于SIP的安全认证机制的研究及改进

会话初始协议大部分认证机制只提供服务器到客户端的单向认证,HTTP摘要认证就是其中的一种。该文通过分析其过程,找出认证协议中的安全缺陷,给出攻击者可能进行的攻击。针对协议的安全漏洞,提出一种改进的安全机制,在提供服务器和客户端之间相互认证的基础上加入加密保护和完整性保护,以保证消息传输的安全性。     

基于强认证技术的会话初始协议安全认证模型

针对会话初始协议（SIP）的典型安全威胁,提出了基于强认证技术的SIP安全认证模型,并分析了其安全性。该认证模型通过智能卡和数字证书的强组合实现强认证,并据此对SIP做出相应扩展,将强认证技术有机地融入到SIP协议当中,实现了会话双方的安全认证,保证了SIP消息传输的机密性、真实性、完整性和不可否认性,从而提高了SIP的安全性。     

实现非对称型NAT穿越的VoIP系统设计方案

基于SIP的VoIP系统在Internet上已经取得广泛应用,但在企业网环境中,由于大量NAT设备的存在,端到端的SIP呼叫难以实现。分析了四类NAT的映射规则及其对SIP消息造成的影响,介绍了现有的NAT穿越方法,最后在STUN方式基础上提出了一种实现非对称型NAT穿越的VoIP系统设计方案。该方案在用户认证服务器和VoIP软终端上各开设一个端口侦听穿越请求,并对收到的包进行相应处理。经过校园网到企业网环境的测试证明该方案能达到很好的接通率。     

A secure and efficient ECC-based user anonymity-preserving session initiation authentication protocol using smart card

The Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a signaling communications protocol, which has been chosen for controlling multimedia communication in 3G mobile networks. The proposed authentication in SIP is HTTP digest based authentication. Recently, Tu et al. presented an improvement of Zhang et al.’s smart card-based authenticated key agreement protocol for SIP. Their scheme efficiently resists password guessing attack. However, in this paper, we analyze the security of Tu et al.’s scheme and demonstrate their scheme is still vulnerable to user’s impersonation attack, server spoofing attack and man-in-the middle attack. We aim to propose an efficient improvement on Tu et al.’s scheme to overcome the weaknesses of their scheme, while retaining the original merits of their scheme. Through the rigorous informal and formal security analysis, we show that our scheme is secure against various known attacks including the attacks found in Tu et al.’s scheme. Furthermore, we simulate our scheme for the formal security analysis using the widely-accepted AVISPA (Automated Validation of Internet Security Protocols and Applications) tool and show that our scheme is secure against passive and active attacks including the replay and man-in-the-middle attacks. Additionally, the proposed scheme is comparable in terms of the communication and computational overheads with Tu et al.’s scheme and other related existing schemes.     

现代网络安全：SIP网络中的DIAMETER鉴定

作为整个现代网络安全的基础，该文提出了验证的概念，它是会话初始化协议（SIP）网络中合并了可扩展认证协议(EAP)验证体系的一种机制。研究表明，SIP验证可以由EAP验证体系进行扩展而现有的AAA基础结构可以为SIP用户再次用于验证。实施验证的过程中使用了DIAMETER基础协议。这个基本协议工具使用低权目录访问协议（LDAP）而且必须使用接口，DIAMETER网络访问服务器请求（NASREQ）应用命令码的一个子集和AVP以在运行中实现扩展验证协议（EAP）传输。     

SIP的VoWLAN通信平台设计与实现

如何将会话初始化协议（SIP）与现有的通信网络有机结合,提供安全可靠的数据及通信服务已成为当今的热点问题。VoIP应用也受到业界的持续关注。安全问题一直都是企业实施VoIP的一个阻碍。提出了一个基于SIP的VoWLAN通信平台,将各种语音服务构建于无线局域网之上。利用虚拟专用网(VPN)、数据加密技术、VLAN和防火墙等必要安全技术和策略,应对在系统中的安全威胁,实现了通话质量可靠、安全性高的企业级VoIP无线网络架构。描述了该系统的设计和实现过程,讨论了其中的关键技术。