基于改进萤火虫算法的高光谱遥感多特征优化方法

目前,高光谱遥感影像分类时光谱信息使用较多,难以充分挖掘空间信息。针对该问题,提出一种基于改进萤火虫算法(Firefly Algorithm,FA)的高光谱遥感多特征优化方法。首先提取高光谱遥感影像的4种空间特征:局部统计特征、灰度共生矩阵特征、Gabor特征和形态学特征,并与波段选择的部分光谱波段组合,构建多特征集合;然后利用萤火虫算法对提取的多特征集合进行优化和特征选择,针对萤火虫算法收敛速度较慢问题,借鉴粒子群优化算法,引入随机惯性权重改进了萤火虫算法的位置更新公式;目标函数采用JM距离(Jeffreys-Matusita Distance)和Fisher Ratio。利用两组城市高光谱遥感数据进行了土地覆被分类研究,并将仅利用原始光谱信息进行波段选择的分类结果与利用多特征信息的分类结果进行了对比分析。实验表明:随机惯性权重可以提高FA特征选择的速度,且优化后的光谱与空间信息特征有助于提高城市土地覆被分类的精度,两组实验数据的特征优选结果统计均表明空间特征中的形态学特征被选择次数最多,局部统计特征和形态学特征相对于GLCM特征和Gabor特征更有助于高光谱遥感图像的分类。     

基于最速上升算法的超光谱图像波段选择搜索算法*

超光谱遥感数据具有的波段数目多、波段宽度窄、数据量庞大等特点,给图像的进一步解译带来困难。结合超光谱图像波段选择的具体应用,根据波段之间的相关性将整个波段划分为几个子波段,采用最速上升的特征选择搜索算法在各子波段中快速提取最优波段。为了验证本算法的有效性,分别选取JM距离、BH距离以及类内类间离散度作为评价准则,针对一幅200波段的AVIRIS超光谱图像进行分类实验,并将该方法与传统的SFFS算法进行对比。实验结果表明所采用的算法用于特征选择具有搜索能力强、分类精度高的特点,完全可以替代传统的SFFS算法     

高光谱遥感数据最佳波段选择方法试验研究

刘建平,赵英时,孙淑玲(中国科技大学研究生院　北京　100039)摘要:分析了多光谱遥感数据最佳波段选择的联合熵、行列式值及最佳指数等信息量计算方法的内在联系,说明了信息量方法用于高光谱遥感数据最佳波段选择的局限性,提出了基于类间可分性的最佳波段选择原则和方法。通过试验,说明了各种处理方法的有效性、局限性和计算复杂度。关　键　词:高光谱遥感数据;最佳波段选择;信息量;可分性中图分类号:TP 751.1/TP 79     

高光谱遥感数据最佳波段选择方法试验研究

分析了多光谱遥感数据最佳波段选择的信息量诸方法的内在联系,说明了信息量方法用于高光谱遥感数据最佳波段选择的局限性,提出了基于类间可分性的最佳波段选择原则和方法。通过试验,说明了各种处理方法的有效性、局限性和计算复杂度。     

基于类别可分性的高光谱图像波段选择

高光谱遥感数据具有丰富的光谱信息,应用十分广泛,但其冗余的光谱信息有时会限制高光谱图像的分类等的精度以及计算复杂度.为了提高解译效率,高光谱图像降维不可或缺,这也是高光谱图像处理的研究热点之一.提出了一种基于类别可分性的高光谱图像波段选择方法(Endmember Separability Based band Selection,ESBB),该方法通过Mahalanobis距离最大化图像中各类地物的可分性来确定最优的波段组合.相较于其他监督波段选择算法,该方法不需要大量训练样本,不用对每个组合做分类处理.对波段选择后的结果进行分类的实验结果证明,该方法是一个快速有效的波段选择方法,可以得到一个较好的分类精度.     

高光谱遥感影像中最佳谱段的快速选择方法

针对高光谱遥感影像数据量大、信息冗余多的特点,在子空间划分理论基础上,结合最大熵和光谱角制图算法,提出一种快速的最佳谱段选择方法。充分利用相邻波段数据间的相关性分块特点,首先提取各子空间熵值最大的波段,然后依据地物光谱可分性选择最佳的波段组合。实验验证,最佳谱段选择速度快,并且所选谱段组合用于目标提取,效果显著。     

一种改进的高光谱数据自适应波段选择方法

高光谱遥感数据具有的波段数目多、波段宽度窄、数据量庞大等特点给图像的进一步解译带来了困难。为了解决这一问题,对自适应波段选择的降维方法进行了改进,不仅考虑了高光谱遥感图像波段的信息量和波段间的相关性,更重要的是考虑了各地物连续光谱间的可分性。光谱间的可分性距离越大,表明类间的可分性越大,地物越清晰。首先选出了能有效区分图像上任意两类别的理想波段子集,再根据波段子集中任意3波段的相关系数之和最小和它们的均方差最小两个指标,选出任意两类对间那些包含信息量大、相关性又小、谱间差异又大的3波段组合(且不唯一),最后对整幅影像选出的最佳3波段45、75、85合成的假彩色图像用光谱角度制图法(SAM)进行了分类,总体分类精度达到91.7%,Kappa系数达到0.82。     

基于自动子空间划分的高光谱数据特征提取

针对遥感高光谱图像数据量大、维数高的特点,提出了一种自动子空间划分方法用于高光谱图像数据量减小处理。该方法主要包括3个处理步骤:数据空间划分,子空间主成分分析和基于类别可分性准则的特征选择。该方法充分利用了高光谱图像各波段数据之间的局部相关性,将整个数据划分为若干个具有较强相关性的独立子空间,然后在子空间内利用主成分分析进行特征提取,根据各类地物间的类别可分性选择有效特征,最后利用地物分类来验证该方法的有效性。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地实现高光谱图像数据维数减小和特征提取,同现有的自适应子空间分解方法和分段主成分变换方法相比,该方法所提取的特征用于分类时能获得较好的分类精度。利用该方法进行处理,当高光谱数据维数降低了90%时,9类地物分类实验的总体分类精度可以达到80.2%。     

基于共形几何代数的高光谱遥感波段选择方法

针对高光谱遥感数据具有的高维特征、海量数据、信息丰富、非结构化等特点导致的维数灾难问题,将共形几何代数引入到高光谱遥感影像波段选择研究。基于高光谱影像数据在高维空间分布的几何特征,利用内积、外积和几何积,结合MEAC和JM等信息测度,设计了高光谱遥感影像的新型特征提取算子,可以实现更简洁、快速、鲁棒的高光谱遥感波段选择。实验利用HYDICE和AVIRIS等高光谱遥感数据对算法的性能进行了评价,结果表明:所提出的新方法能更有效地选择最佳波段,与已有波段选择算法相比,在运行效率、分类精度等方面具有明显的优势。     

增强类可分性的高光谱图像分类

目的 在高光谱图像分类中,由于成像空间分辨率较低,混合像元大量存在。混合像元使得不同类别的光谱特征发生改变,失去原有的独特性,类内差异变大,类间差异变小。针对这一问题,本文提出基于分组滚动引导滤波的策略。同时针对高光谱图像中存在的“维数灾难”问题,提出了弹性网逻辑回归分类器的框架。方法 通过线性判别分析（linear discriminant analysis,LDA）算法生成具有判别性的引导图,对高光谱图像的每个波段执行滚动引导,从而让光谱曲线呈现类内凝聚、类间距离增大的趋势。通过构造逻辑回归目标函数的L1&L2范数正则项约束进行嵌入式波段选择,为每个类别选择出各自可分性强的波段,同时可以使高度相关性的波段保留下来作为分类依据。最后使用邻域优化策略对分类后结果进一步优化,提升分类精度。结果 分别在3个实验数据集上与其他分类算法进行对比,实验结果表明,本文算法的分类结果取得明显提升。本文算法的总体分类精度（overall accuracy,OA）在Indian Pines、Salinas和KSC （Kennedy Space Center）数据集上分别为96.61%、98.66%和99.04%,比其他算法平均分别高出4.8%、3%和1%,同时也在Indina Pines数据集中进行了对比实验以验证增强混合像元光谱可分性和波段可分性算法的有效性,对比实验结果表明本文算法改善了分类效果。结论 分别在光谱特性和波段选择两个环节增强类可分性,分类精度取得明显提升;同时,本文算法适合不同的数据集,并且在不同数量的训练样本下OA均表现较优,算法具有一定的鲁棒性。     

基于多态蚁群算法的高光谱遥感影像最优波段选择

由于传统蚁群算法搜索空间大,算法时间复杂度高等,导致基于传统蚁群算法的高光谱数据波段选择算法(ACA-BS)耗时长,算法效率低下,且易陷入局部最优。而多态蚁群算法能大大缩小算法的搜索空间,降低算法时间复杂度。因此,研究设计了基于多态蚁群算法的高光谱数据波段选择算法(PACA-BS)。从算法运行时间、波段子集的类别可分性及信息量、总体分类精度等方面对算法进行对比分析。用于实验的数据为Hyperion和AVIRIS高光谱影像。实验结果表明:PACA-BS的运行时间较ACA-BS大大减少;对Hyperion影像进行降维时,基于PACA-BS的运行时间约为ACA-BS的一半。两种算法获得的波段子集的类别可分性大小较为接近,但PACA-BS获得的波段子集的信息量和总体分类精度优于ACA-BS。研究表明PACA-BS是一种效率较高的高光谱波段选择算法。     

Multidimensional local spatial autocorrelation measure for integrating spatial and spectral information in hyperspectral image band selection

Hyperspectral band selection aims at the determination of an optimal subset of spectral bands for dimensionality reduction without loss of discriminability. Many conventional band selection approaches depend on the concept of “statistical distance” measure between the probability distributions characterizing sample classes. However, the maximization of separability does not necessarily guarantee that a classification process results in the best classification accuracies. This paper presents a multidimensional local spatial autocorrelation (MLSA) measure that quantifies the spatial autocorrelation of the hyperspectral image data. Based on the proposed spatial measure, a collaborative band selection strategy is developed that combines both spectral separability measure and spatial homogeneity measure for hyperspectral band selection without losing the spectral details useful in classification processes. The selected band subset by the proposed method shows both larger separability between classes and stronger spatial similarity within class. Case studies in biomedical and remote sensing applications demonstrate that the MLSA-based band selection approach improves object classification accuracies in hyperspectral imaging compared with conventional approaches.     

高光谱数据的光谱信息特点及面向对象的特征参数选择——以北京顺义区为例

波段宽度为纳米级的高光谱数据,具有几十乃至几百个光谱通道,它们各有不同的特点。如何根据具体的应用目的,在这众多的波段中选择出最佳波段和特征参数,对于有效地进行高光谱数据的处理、分析及信息提取至关重要。以北京顺义区高光谱数据为例,首先分析了通道间的相关性,根据通道的相关性大小和分组块状结构特点,将其分为若干组;然后全面分析了高光谱数据的光谱信息特征,在综合考虑各波段的信息含量、波段间的相关性以及地物光谱的吸收特性和可分性等因素
的基础上,提出了面向对象的分层多次选择高光谱数据最佳波段和提取特征参数的基本思路和方法;最后用其它地区的成像光谱数据对此方法进行了验证。     

A multiresolution spectral angle‐based hyperspectral classification method

Due to the lack of training samples, hyperspectral classification often adopts the minimum distance classification method based on spectral metrics. This paper proposes a novel multiresolution spectral‐angle‐based hyperspectral classification method, where band subsets will be selected to simultaneously minimize the average within‐class spectral angle and maximize the average between‐class spectral angle. The method adopts a pairwise classification framework (PCF), which decomposes the multiclass problem into two‐class problems. Based on class separability criteria, the original set of bands is recursively decomposed into band subsets for each two‐class problem. Each subset is composed of adjacent bands. Then, the subsets with high separability are selected to generate subangles, which will be combined to measure the similarity. Following the PCF, the outputs of all the two‐class classifiers are combined to obtain the final output. Tested with an Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data set for a six‐class problem, the results demonstrate that our method outperforms the previous spectral metric‐based classification methods.     

Gray Wolf Optimizer for hyperspectral band selection

In this paper, we propose a new optimization-based framework to reduce the dimensionality of hyperspectral images. One of the most problems in hyperspectral image classification is the Hughes phenomenon caused by the irrelevant spectral bands and the high correlation between the adjacent bands. The problematic is how to find the relevant bands to classify the pixels of hyperspectral image without reducing the classification accuracy rate. We propose to reformulate the problem of band selection as a combinatorial problem by modeling an objective function based on class separability measures and the accuracy rate. We use the Gray Wolf Optimizer, which is a new meta-heuristic algorithm more efficient than Practical Swarm Optimization, Gravitational Search Algorithm, Differential Evolution, Evolutionary Programming and Evolution Strategy. The experimentations are performed on three widely used benchmark hyperspectral datasets. Comparisons with the state-of-the-art approaches are also conducted. The analysis of the results proves that the proposed approach can effectively investigate the spectral band selection problem and provides a high classification accuracy rate by using a few samples for training.     

面向分类应用的高光谱谱段选择方法

高光谱数据在物质分类识别领域得到了广泛应用,但存在数据量大、波段间相关性高等问题,严重影响分类精度及应用。针对以上问题分析了已有的波段选择方法,提出了基于波段聚类及监督分类的遗传算法,对高光谱数据进行波段选择：采用[K]均值聚类算法对波段数据进行聚类分析,构造波段子集合;利用分类器族分类精度构造适应度函数,采用遗传算法对波段子集合进行优化选择。最后用阔叶林高光谱数据对提出的算法进行对比实验,实验结果表明针对分类应用,提出的算法能够非常有效地选择高光谱谱段。     

基于最佳波段指数和J-M距离可分性的高光谱数据最佳波段组合选取研究——以环境小卫星高光谱数据在东莞市的应用为例

高光谱数据普遍存在波段相关性强、数据冗余严重的特点,因此选择合适的波段组合,是高效开展后续应用研究的基础。以东莞市为研究区,应用环境与灾害监测预报小卫星（HJ-1A）高光谱数据,在分析各波段信息含量和波段间相关性的基础上,使用了3种经典的波段指数选择最佳波段组合;针对经典模型应用中存在的问题,对最佳指数模型进行了改进,通过对波段均方差和相关性设置一定阈值,筛选得到一个较为合理的波段组合;最后,针对草地、林地和耕地3种地物,应用J\|M距离模型对3种地物的可分性进行判别,并指出：50-80-108波段组合,50-79-108波段组合以及50-80-111波段组合是分别用于草地-林地、草地-耕地、耕地-林地分类的最佳波段组合。     

Hyperspectral Multiple Features Optimization Using Improved Firefly Algorithm

The utilization of hyperspectral remote sensing image is mainly based on the spectral information,and the spatial information is always be ignored.To solve this problem,a novel hyperspectral multiple features optimization approach based on improved firefly algorithm is presented.Firstly,four spatial features,the local statistical features,gray level co-occurrence matrix features,Gabor filtering features and morphological features of hyperspectral remote sensing image are extracted,and some spectral bands are selected and then combined with these spatial features,and the feature set is constructed.Then,the firefly algorithm is used to optimize the extracted features.In view of the slow convergence speed of firefly algorithm,we use the random inertia weight from particle swarm optimization algorithm to modifiy the location update formula of firefly algorithm,and JM(Jeffreys-Matusita)distance and Fisher Ratio are used as the objective function.Two urban hyperspectral datasets are used for performance evaluation,and the classification results derived from spectral information and spectral-spatial information are compared.The experiments show that random inertia weight can improve the speed of FA-based feature selection algorithm,the performance with multiple features is better than that of spectral information for urban land cover classification,The statistical results of the two sets of experimental data indicate that the selected number of morphological features are the most in the four spatial features.The local statistical features and morphological features are more helpful to the classification of hyperspectral remote sensing images than GLCM and Gabor features.     

Phase correlation based redundancy removal in feature weighting band selection for hyperspectral images

Feature weighting based band selection provides a computationally undemanding approach to reduce the number of hyperspectral bands in order to decrease the computational requirements for processing large hyperspectral data sets. In a recent feature weighting based band selection method, a pair‐wise separability criterion and matrix coefficients analysis are used to assign weights to original bands, after which bands identified to be redundant using cross correlation are removed, as it is noted that feature weighting itself does not consider spectral correlation. In the present work, it is proposed to use phase correlation instead of conventional cross correlation to remove redundant bands in the last step of feature weighting based hyperspectral band selection. Support Vector Machine (SVM) based classification of hyperspectral data with a reduced number of bands is used to evaluate the classification accuracy obtained with the proposed approach, and it is shown that feature weighting band selection with the proposed phase correlation based redundant band removal method provides increased classification accuracy compared to feature weighting band selection with conventional cross correlation based redundant band removal.