图像纹理特征新定义

为了更好地描述图像的纹理特征,定义了灰度-基元共生矩阵.该矩阵将描述纹理特征的统计方法和结构方法结合起来,描述图像的灰度分布情况,具有一定的旋转不变性.为了减少共生矩阵的计算量,采用了正规化处理方法.     

基于灰度共生矩阵的织物纹理分析

以一种常见的织物纹理为对象,采用灰度共生矩阵的方法进行纹理分析.介绍了灰度共生矩阵的原理及其特征参数,讨论了纹理的灰度共生矩阵特征参数、像素距离以及图像灰度等级对灰度共生矩阵的影响,确定了区分此类正常织物与带疵点织物纹理的灰度共生矩阵构造方法.针对该类正常织物图像进行纹理分析,特征参数值统计,确定了正常织物纹理像素方向、像素距离以及图像灰度等级.取原始织物图像尺寸为128×128,生成灰度共生矩阵的最佳像素距离为2,经直方图均衡化后,最佳灰度等级为16.实验结果表明,按照该规则生成的6个灰度共生矩阵的特征参数,能够准确的判断此类织物图像是否存在疵点.     

基于中值-游程共生矩阵的纹理特征提取

提出了一种基于中值-游程共生矩阵模型的纹理特征提取方法.该方法利用了图像的灰度信息和等灰度游程长度信息,通过计算图像的中值矩阵和游程矩阵,从而计算出中值-游程共生矩阵,来提取图像的特征.仿真结果表明,该方法能有效地分割出纹理图像上区域特性不同的纹理,且分割效果优于等灰度游程矩阵和灰度共生矩阵.     

基于DFT和共生矩阵的纹理特征描述方法

本文提出了一种基于离散傅立叶变换和共生矩阵的纹理特征提取方法.离散傅立叶变换将纹理图像从图像空间变换到频率空间,将图像的纹理特征转化成频谱特征.然后再利用共生矩阵的思想,完成纹理特征的提取.由于直接计算共生矩阵的计算量较大,因此我们首先对图像进行灰度正规化处理,缩小灰度值的范围,然后再将正规化处理后的灰度图像进行分块,最后计算相应块的共生矩阵的5个特征参数,把相应的特征参数取平均值,得到一个5维的特征向量来描述图像的纹理特征.     

基于色彩共生矩阵的CBIR方法

介绍了一种基于色彩共生矩阵提取颜色-纹理特征的图像检索方法。在灰度共生矩阵方法的基础上,发展出色彩共生矩阵方法,解决了灰度共生矩阵方法不能有效处理真彩色图像的缺陷,并从色彩共生矩阵中提取颜色和纹理特征用于图像检索。该方法易于实现、特征库简洁高效,且具有较好的检索效果。     

基于灰度共生矩阵纹理特征的SAR图像分割

同时考虑SAR图像局部灰度均值和方差及像素空间分布特征等统计量,在以灰度共生矩阵产生的纹理统计量为特征所生成的图像上,建立多分辨双Markov-GAR模型,采用多分辨MPM的参数估计方法及相应的无监督分割算法,对SAR图像进行纹理分割。该方法用于一些高分辨SAR图像,其分割精度及分割边缘的平滑度均优于基于灰度图像上的多分辨双Markov-GAR模型纹理分割。     

纹理图像识别中的旋转不变性分析

在对纹理图像进行分类识别过程中,许多具有相同纹理特性的不同图像经常在方向上呈现多样性。这些图像应该被归为一类。针对这一问题,有许多方法可以得到旋转不变性特征,例如：几何矩,正交矩,灰度共生矩阵等,然而,前两种方法计算量很大,第三种方法效果也不令人满意。提出了一种基于灰度-梯度共生矩阵的方法来得到旋转不变特征量,并且提出了一种快速计算灰度-梯度共生矩阵的算法。实验表明利用灰度-梯度共生矩阵的方法得到旋转不变量的方法非常有效,快速计算灰度-梯度共生矩阵的算法也大大减小了计算量。     

基于灰度变化统计的图像检索

纹理是图像的一个显著特征,也是基于内容检索的一条主要线索。提出了一种基于纹理灰度变化统计的图像检索方法,在水平、垂直、45°和135°方向上统计像素灰度值的变化量,提取关于图像纹理粗细、走向等信息。并将此方法与灰度共生矩阵法和纹理谱法进行比较,从查准率、平均序号和检索时间三方面进行分析,验证了此方法的有效性。同时,还结合颜色特征进行综合检索,并将相关反馈技术融合到算法中,通过多次检索自动调整各特征量的权值以满足用户的检索需求。     

基于改进双树复小波和灰度-梯度共生矩阵的纹理图像检索算法

针对双树复小波变换缺少不同尺度纹理的空间分布特征的缺陷,提出了一种改进双树复小波和灰度-梯度共生矩阵相融合的纹理图像检索新算法。首先,该算法将图像进行非均匀分块,并对分块的图像进行双树复小波变换,以此增加不同尺度下的空间信息;其次,利用灰度-梯度共生矩阵提取4个统计量特征;然后, 融合 两种方法提取的纹理特征以得到图像检索的纹理特征;最后,用Canberra距离进行相似性度量并输出图像检索的结果。实验结果表明,该方法对纹理图像有较好的检索效果。     

图像纹理分析的灰度-基元共生矩阵法

将描述纹理特征的统计方法和结构方法结合起来，提出灰度-基元共生矩阵，既能描述图像的灰度分布信息，又能表达局部细节。采用正规化处理，减少共生矩阵的计算量；将传统共生矩阵的一些特征如熵等引入基元一共生矩阵特征的计算，定义相应的特征向量。采用这种方法解决了单独使用某一方法的缺点，如计算量大、表达复杂、特征表达不够准确等。     

Textural and local spatial statistics for the object‐oriented classification of urban areas using high resolution imagery

Textural and local spatial statistical information is important in the classification of urban areas using very high resolution imagery. This paper describes the utility of textural and local spatial statistics for the improvement of object‐oriented classification for QuickBird imagery. All textural/spatial bands were used as additional bands in the supervised object‐oriented classification. The texture analysis is based on two levels: segmented image objects and moving windows across the whole image. In the texture analysis over image objects, the angular second moment textural feature at a 45° angle showed an improved classification performance with regard to buildings, depicting the patterns of buildings better than any other directions. The texture analysis based on moving windows across the whole image was conducted with various window sizes (from 3×3 to 13×13), and four grey‐level co‐occurrence matrix (GLCM) textural features (homogeneity, contrast, angular second moment, and entropy) were calculated. The contrast feature with the 7×7 window size improved classification up to 6%. One type of local spatial statistics, Moran's I feature with the vertical neighbourhood rule, improved the classification accuracy even further, up to 7%. Comparison of results between spectral and spectral+textural/spatial information indicated that textural and spatial information can be used to improve the object‐oriented classification of urban areas using very high resolution imagery.     

基于小波变换的图像纹理特征提取方法及其应用

针对瓷砖表面色差的在线检测问题,提出了一种基于小波变换的图像纹理特征提取方法.瓷砖图像经过预处理后,对图像各通道进行二层小波分解并提取各细节子图的能量特征.该能量信号融合了颜色和纹理的信息,将其作为区分不同色号瓷砖的特征量,并由最小距离分类器进行分类决策.实验结果表明,对比已有的研究中多采用的颜色直方图分布法,该方法能更好地反映颜色的空间分布信息,满足用户需求.     

Bio-inspired feature selection to select informative image features for determining water content of cultured Sunagoke moss

One of the primary determinants of Sunagoke moss Rachomitrium japonicum growth is water availability. There is need to develop a non-destructive method for sensing water content of cultured Sunagoke moss to realize automation and precision irrigation in a close bio-production systems. Machine vision can be utilized as non-destructive sensing to recognize changes in some kind of features that describe the water conditions from the appearance of wilting Sunagoke moss. The goal of this study is to propose and investigate bio-inspired algorithms i.e. Neural-Ant Colony Optimization, Neural-Genetic Algorithms, Neural-Simulated Annealing and Neural-Discrete Particle Swarm Optimization to find the most significant sets of image features suitable for predicting water content of cultured Sunagoke moss. Image features consist of 8 colour features, three morphological features and 90 textural features (RGB, HSV, HSL colour co-occurrence matrix and gray level co-occurrence matrix textural features). Each colour space of textural features consist of energy, entropy, contrast, homogeneity, inverse difference moment, correlation, sum mean, variance, cluster tendency and maximum probability. The specificity of this problem is that we are not looking for single image feature but several associations of image features that may be involved in determining water content of cultured Sunagoke moss. All feature selection models showed that prediction performance is getting better through all the iterations. It indicates that all models are effective. Neural-Ant Colony Optimization had the best performance as a feature selection technique. The minimum average prediction mean square error (MSE) achieved was 1.75 × 10^?3. There is significant improvement between method using feature selection and method without feature selection.     

SUSAN边缘响应值灰度化转共生矩阵检索

SUSAN初始边缘响应矩阵元素值对应USAN中像素点总数,该统计值与响应矩阵元素分布均体现图像特征。若将该统计值视为灰度值,则响应矩阵中的元素分布特征可以视为灰度矩阵中的纹理特征。提出SUSAN边缘响应值灰度化转共生矩阵检索算法,即先计算图像的SUSAN边缘响应矩阵,再按映射规则转换为灰度矩阵,然后计算灰度共生矩阵及其各特征描述子,最后进行特征检索。实验显示,该算法的查全率与查准率在检索结果数量达到某临界点之后较为满意,且体现一定的仿射变换、亮度变化等不变性与抗噪鲁棒性。     

基于振动特征的纹理图像分割

纹理分割是图像处理领域中的一个典型难题.基于图像分解提出一个新的纹理振动特征,与基于结构张量和非线性扩散获得的其他纹理特征一起构成5维特征空间,并利用非参数估计的活动围道方法对该特征空间进行分割,得到最终结果.通过不同的纹理分割实验验证了此方法的有效性.     

一种结合多特征的SVM图像分割方法

在分析了频域相位信息和纹理信息在表征图像特征方面的重要性之后,提出了一种结合相位一致和纹理特征的SVM图像分割方法。该方法将相位一致性统计特征、纹理特征和灰度特征一起组合成训练特征向量,采用支持向量机分类方法对图像进行分割。相对于传统方法,该方法提取的统计特征向量可以有效地反映图像边缘细节和纹理信息。实验结果表明,该方法比传统的SVM图像分割方法更有效,尤其适用于图像中目标区域的边缘对比度低和纹理信息丰富的情形。     

Using wavelet transform and multi-class least square support vector machine in multi-spectral imaging classification of Chinese famous tea

This article presented an intelligent method for recognition of different types of Chinese famous tea based on multi-spectral imaging technique. Two kinds of feature extraction methods including gray level co-occurrence matrix and wavelet transform (WT) were adopted for mining characteristic of multi-spectral image. Then multi-class least square support vector machine models were adopted for classification of multi-spectral image, which has little been used in this domain. Meanwhile the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was used to evaluate the performance of multi-spectral imaging classifier. To explore the structure of the wavelet textural features (WTFs), principal component analysis (PCA) was performed based on all the WTFs, and the most important features were detected through loading weight analysis of PCA. In experiments, the potential of WTFs was confirmed for extraction of characteristic from multi-spectral image with high recognition accuracy of 96.82%. And 18 WTFs were detected as the most important features for recognition by PCA. Furthermore, it can be found that the 18 features were the textural features of “contrast” of wavelet sub-space images. This finding may give great help for later research about multi-spectral image classification. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method is effective for recognition of multi-spectral image of different types of Chinese famous tea, the WT is an effective method for mining knowledge from mass multi-spectral imaging information, and PCA can be used to clear the structure of the WTFs.     

基于灰度共生矩的图像区域复制篡改检测

针对图像区域复制—粘贴篡改,提出了一种基于灰度共生矩阵的检测算法。首先将待检测图像分成大小相同的多个重叠块,用灰度共生矩阵的统计量表示每块图像的纹理特征,得到图像的特征矢量。然后将特征矢量进行字典排序,并结合图像块的位移矢量,检测且定位出篡改区域。实验结果表明,该算法在抗旋转处理和效率方面均优于经典的基于主成分分析法（PCA）的检测算法。     

联合快舟一号影像纹理信息的城市土地覆盖分类

仅依靠光谱信息无法满足高分辨率遥感分类的应用需求,辅之以纹理特征信息进行分类,可提高影像分类精度。利用KZ\|1卫星影像和Landsat\|8卫星影像数据,基于面向对象的影像分割法和灰度共生矩阵纹理分析法对新疆石河子市局部城区进行了地表覆盖分类实验,将不同空间分辨率的全色影像纹理信息、光谱信息构成多种影像特征组合进行分类比较研究,以选择最佳的分类特征集。结果表明:KZ-1影像能为城市区域的土地覆盖分类提供丰富的纹理信息,面向对象的影像分割可较好地利用高分辨率数据的几何结构信息实现优化的影像分割,从而提高多光谱影像的分类精度,总体分类精度为90.06%,Kappa系数为87.93%,比单纯利用光谱信息分类的总体精度提高了8.02%,Kappa系数提高了9.65%,表明KZ\|1数据可为光谱分类提供丰富的纹理信息,从而提高城市区域的土地覆盖分类精度。     

基于灰度共生矩阵的密集人群人数估计

从统计学的角度研究了开阔场所中密集人群估计的方法。首先基于场景图像的灰度共生矩阵提取16个特征,构建训练样本的特征矩阵。然后应用主成份分析方法找出其中最为有效的几项特征指标,利用回归分析的方法找出特征指标与人群数量之间的相关关系,建立统计模型,进而运用该模型估计场景图像中的人群数量。通过实验证明了该方法的有效性。