应用混合编程实现植被遥感信息提取与安全评价模型

针对区域植被覆盖及其变化情况,利用遥感技术获取植被信息的方法,构建植被监测指标体系,建立植被信息提取和安全评价模型,实现区域植被遥感信息获取、变化监测和安全评价;并利用ENVI/IDL结合C#语言,在VS2005环境下调用ArcEngine9.3工具包部分功能,充分利用各个语言的优势建立植被信息提取与评价软件包,为区域植被生长状况调查提供服务。     

Hyperion数据玉米叶绿素含量制图

采用星地同步观测方法,对Hyperion影像进行预处理并提取玉米专题信息,计算与遥感影像同步获取的玉米地面实测光谱及其一阶微分形式,作物光谱指数参量与叶绿素含量之间的相关性。结果表明:作物叶绿素含量预测指数TCARI/OSAVI与叶绿素a和叶绿素b的相关性最好,R²分别为0.5694和0.5313。采用其与叶绿素含量进行回归分析,建立叶绿素反演模型。将回归结果应用到提取的玉米区域,得出叶绿素a和叶绿素b含量的空间分布图,直观显示玉米的长势状况,为农业估产和植被长势监测提供重要的数据源。     

NDWI与NDVI指数在区域干旱监测中的比较分析——以2003年江西夏季干旱为例

植被水分指数NDWI是基于短波红外（SWIR）与近红外（NIR）的归一化比值指数。与NDVI相比，它能有效地提取植被冠层的水分含量；在植被冠层受水分胁迫时，NDWI指数能及时地响应，这对于旱情监测具有重要意义。结合2003年夏季MODIS影像数据和地面气象数据，以江西省内一片农田和一片林地为试验区域，分析比较了NDWI与NDVI距平值在短期旱情监测中的有效性。监测结果表明， NDWI对植被冠层水分信息比NDVI更为敏感；在短期干旱监测中，NDWI指数能准确地反映旱情的时空变化。     

利用中巴-2号卫星CCD估测土壤全氮的研究

遥感监测土壤对于及时快速掌握农田肥力状况,合理施肥意义重大。NDVI在监测地表植被覆盖中发挥着重要作用,水田植被覆盖种类单一,其他影响因素少,这使得通过NDVI监测水稻长势,间接监测土壤肥力状况变得可行。本文就是利用中巴-2号卫星的CCD的植被指数对南京溧水县水田的土壤质量进行监测,回归方程的决定系数R2=0.741,相对误差为0.1663。结论发现利用中巴卫星的植被指数对研究区的的水田氮素的监测是可行的,并在此基础上做了研究区的氮素等级分布图,实现了遥感监测溧水水田土壤全氮的估测。     

2001~2010年松木希错流域植被动态变化遥感研究

遥感在区域植被变化研究中具有十分重要的作用,能为大面积监测植被状况的演化过程提供技术支持。NDVI在高植被覆盖地区存在过饱和现象,对稀疏地区的植被变化尤其敏感。以古里雅冰帽南部的松木希错流域植被相对稀疏区域为研究区,基于MODIS NDVI数据和逐月气象观测数据,以及RS和GIS平台,对该区域2001~2010年主要植被变化趋势进行了初步研究,并对植被变化与气候驱动因子的关系进行了分析和探讨。结果表明:① 2001~2010年间该区域的植被活动有加强趋势;② NDVI表明研究区植被生长季较短(5~9月),NDVI浮动区间为0.11～0.13,低于全国水平(0.3～0.35),也低于全球稀疏灌丛的平均水平(0.2～0.4);③NDVI与年均气温整体上呈正相关,而与年降水量相关性不强。表明近年来持续升温是影响该区域植被活动加强的最主要原因。     

植被净初级生产力的遥感模型在武汉地区的应用

卫星遥感成为观测和估算地面植被净初级生产力的一种极其有利的工具,其原因不仅仅在于它将人们从繁重的地面实验中解放出来,同时也因为它能够实现对大范围区域的植被净初级生产力进行实时监测。为了更加充分有效地利用卫星数据获取植被信息,我们在模式分解方法的基础上,建立了一种新的植被指数(VIPD)。根据地面实验建立的相应光合成曲线估算模型,估算武汉地区地域性植被净初级生产力（NPP）,研究该地区植被生长年间变化状况。并通过和不同方法估算结果及地面调查结果进行比较,检验模型对该地区的适用情况,为该地区植被NPP长期监测研究提供可靠依据。     

植被净初级生产力的遥感模型在武汉地区的应用

卫星遥感成为观测和估算地面植被净初级生产力的一种极其有利的工具|其原因不仅仅在于它将人们从繁重的地面实验中解放出来|同时也因为它能够实现对大范围区域的植被净初级生产力进行实时监测。为了更加充分有效地利用卫星数据获取植被信息|我们在模式分解方法的基础上|建立了一种新的植被指数(VIPD)。根据地面实验建立的相应光合成曲线估算模型|估算武汉地区地域性植被净初级生产力（NPP）研究该地区植被生长年间变化状况。并通过和不同方法估算结果及地面调查结果进行比较|检验模型对该地区的适用情况|为该地区植被NPP长期监测研究提供可靠依据。     

基于MODIS影像的植被覆盖度提取研究

利用线性光谱混合模型对河南省三门峡地区MODIS1B影像进行植被覆盖度（fv）信息提取,将结果与反映植被覆盖度的NDVI比较,并提出在实测资料缺乏的情况下利用同期高分辨率ETM＋图像对选取样本区域进行定量验证的方法。结果表明,对于MODIS数据,线性光谱混合（LSMM）分解方法能有效提取大区域范围的植被覆盖度信息,比NDVI-fv经验统计方法更具有理论意义,为快速、准确、高效的植被监测提供了新思路。     

矿区植被叶绿素反演的最佳波段组合探讨

针对不同于单一植被种类或受单一胁迫影响区域的矿区复垦土地生态环境、植被种类及生长状况的复杂性特征,以及利用传统遥感影像反演其植被叶绿素的精度低、代价高这一问题,探讨了反演矿区植被叶绿素含量的新方法。研究基于WorldView-2影像的多波段组合反演矿区植被叶绿素含量,得到若干个波段组合的空间分布值,并于实地采集数据对各波段组合得到的反演结果进行了相关性验证。结果表明:与矿区实地植被叶绿素含量相关性最强的是由WorldView-2影像的红边波段和近红外1波段组合得到的归一化差异植被指数,其相关性达到0.668,在0.01水平(双侧)上显著相关,可用于复垦地植被叶绿素的反演。该文为新方法新波段在矿区植被叶绿素含量反演方面的应用提供参考依据,对拓展WorldView-2影像的应用范围具有一定的现实意义。     

植物污染胁迫遥感监测研究综述

我国工农业在过去几十年内迅速发展,随之而来的是大批环境问题的涌现,其中包括工农业对植物的污染问题。由于需要监测的范围越来越广、监测的对象越来越多,利用遥感技术监测受污植物受到越来越多的重视。首先提出了影响植被光谱的主要因素有叶绿素含量、细胞结构以及水含量,分析了植物在受到污染胁迫时光谱特征的变化,进而介绍了当前遥感监测植物污染胁迫的主要指标：植被指数和红边参数,并对主要植物污染物--重金属和烃类物质污染应用进行了详细阐述。指出了找到合适的植被指数和利用合适方法精确提取植被红边是监测的关键。最后对用遥感技术监测植物污染提出展望。     

农业干旱遥感监测业务化运行方法研究

研究一种基于MODIS遥感数据的快速且易于实际应用的农业旱情监测方法及其系统实现。监测方法基于植被供水指数的思想,利用NDVI进行植被盖度分级来计算,标准化作物供水指数,再耦合近8旬的综合降水距平指数,由此实现对旱情的监测。在介绍监测方法的同时,又针对应用数据的特点,设计了有效的数据管理系统,为高效管理各种数据而服务。     

Comprehensive drought index as an indicator for use in drought monitoring integrating multi-source remote sensing data: a case study covering the Sichuan-Chongqing region

Numerous meteorological drought-monitoring indices and remote-sensing-based spatial drought monitoring indices have been developed and applied to monitor drought in different ways. However, individual indices have obvious deficiencies in terms of their responses to drought, and they do not comprehensively reflect the available information on drought. To overcome issues with the data themselves and improve drought monitoring techniques, we use a comprehensive drought index (CDI) derived from the vegetation condition index, the temperature condition index, and the precipitation condition index to monitor meteorological or agricultural drought for the Sichuan-Chongqing region. To assess CDI performance, monthly CDI values for Sichuan-Chongqing region were used to analyse the spatial and temporal variations of the 2006 drought. The results indicated that all aspects of the drought were monitored, and the results were in agreement with related research. Meanwhile, an extreme drought was accurately explored using the CDI in the Sichuan-Chongqing region from 2000 to 2011. Finally, a validation was performed, and the results show that the CDI is closely related with the standardized precipitation index calculated using a 3-month time scale (SPI3), as well as variations in crop yield and drought-affected crop area. These results provide further evidence that the CDI is an indicator that can be used in integrated drought monitoring and that it can simultaneously reflect meteorological and agricultural drought information.     

Developing the vegetation drought response index for South Korea (VegDRI-SKorea) to assess the vegetation condition during drought events

South Korea has experienced severe droughts and water scarcity problems that have influenced agriculture, food prices, and crop production in recent years. Traditionally, climate-based drought indices using point-based meteorological observations have been used to help quantify drought impacts on the vegetation in South Korea. However, these approaches have a limited spatial precision when mapping detailed vegetation stress caused by drought. For these reasons, the development of a drought index that provides detailed spatial-resolution information on drought-affected vegetation conditions is essential to improve the country’s drought monitoring capabilities, which are needed to help develop more effective adaptation and mitigation strategies. The objective of this study was to develop a satellite-based hybrid drought index called the vegetation drought response index for South Korea (VegDRI-SKorea) that could improve the spatial resolution of agricultural drought monitoring on a national scale. The VegDRI-SKorea was developed for South Korea, modifying the original VegDRI methodology (developed for the USA) by tailoring it to the available local data resources. The VegDRI-SKorea utilizes a classification and regression tree (CART) modelling approach that collectively analyses remote-sensing data (e.g. normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)), climate-based drought indices (e.g. self-calibrated Palmer drought severity index (PDSI) and standardized precipitation index (SPI)), and biophysical variables (e.g. elevation and land cover) that influence the drought-related vegetation stress. This study evaluates the performance of the recently developed VegDRI-SKorea for severe and extreme drought events that occurred in South Korea in 2001, 2008, and 2012. The results demonstrated that the hybrid drought index improved the more spatially detailed drought patterns compared to the station-based drought indices and resulted in a better understanding of drought impacts on the vegetation conditions. The VegDRI-SKorea model is expected to contribute to the monitoring of drought conditions nationally. In addition, it will provide the necessary information on the spatial variations of those conditions to evaluate local and regional drought risk assessment across South Korea and assist local decision-makers in drought risk management.     

农田农情参数遥感监测进展及应用展望

农情参数是指反映作物生长过程及其产出的状态指标,关键农情参数主要包括作物长势、单产、物候和旱情等,可用于指导农田的生产管理。遥感是关键农情参数获取的有效手段,然而目前农情参数的遥感监测大多停留在大尺度、宏观监测的层面上,由于缺乏高时空分辨率、高准确度、低成本的农田信息获取技术,业务化的农田尺度农情参数获取受到了诸多因素的制约与限制。导致难以为农田生产管理提供及时的信息支持,这已经影响到精准耕作的发展与应用。文章在总结目前长势、单产、物候和旱情等几个主要农情参数遥感监测研究进展的基础上,分析了这些技术在农田尺度应用的瓶颈,并从新数据源和农情参数监测新模型两个角度出发,对农田尺度农情参数的获取进行了展望。     

旱灾灾情监测中的遥感应用综述

旱灾是我国影响范围最广的农业自然灾害。遥感是对干旱进行大面积、实时动态监测的有效技术手段。对遥感技术在干旱旱情监测中的传统方法进行了概括和汇总,应用较多的干旱旱情遥感监测方法主要有热惯量法、蒸散法、植被指数法,其中植被指数法又分为距平植被指数、条件植被指数、植被指数差异、植被供水指数、温度植被干旱指数等方法。分析了不同方法的优缺点以及它们各自的适用范围,结合当前研究的热点问题,指出随着干旱机理和MODIS数据的应用,干旱旱情的遥感监测将得到更广泛、更深入的应用。     

植被水分遥感监测处理系统的建立及应用*

在分析了遥感监测植被水分可行性的基础上,阐述了以MODIS HDF为数据源进行植被水分遥感监测的处理流程;根据处理流程,利用IDL结合ENVI中提供的库函数开发出了植被水分遥感监测处理系统。介绍了系统实现中的关键技术和核心功能实现,系统在黄淮海农作物水分监测中得到了成功的应用,为农作物水分监测的业务化处理发挥了核心作用。     

A microwave vegetation water index from passive microwave radiometer data

The vegetation water content (VWC) index has been widely used in agriculture, forestry and hydrology studies. It is also useful in retrieving soil moisture from microwave remote sensing observations. Space‐borne and airborne microwave radiometers have widespread utility in soil moisture and vegetation condition retrieval. To simplify the original retrieval algorithm, this paper developed a theoretical microwave vegetation water index (MVWI) from microwave radiometer data, which contains only VWC and a vegetation structure parameter. Based on the MVWI, an efficient VWC retrieval algorithm was developed.     

Modelling the impact of drought and heat stress on common bean with two different photosynthesis model approaches

Extreme temperature and drought stress are major environmental factors limiting agriculture worldwide. A comprehensive understanding of plant behavior under different environmental conditions can be gained through experiments and through the application of biophysical crop models. This study presents a field experiment conducted with bean exposed to heat and drought stress. Based on an experimental data collection a crop model was set up, calibrated and validated. Hereby, the two different photosynthesis model approaches already implemented in the model, a simple empirical (the Goudriaan and van Laar or GvL model) and a biochemical photosynthesis model approach (the Farquhar-Ball-Collatz or FBC model), were tested. Both photosynthesis model approaches performed adequately under no stress conditions. Under heat stress conditions, yield was underestimated by both models. However, the FBC model performed better than the simpler photosynthesis model approach of the GvL model. The FBC crop model was able to predict the soil water dynamics, the plant growth and the stomatal conductance.     

作物蒸散发模型研究中的地表温度反演

针对美国加州Merced县2002年8月9日的ETM+影像,利用单窗温度反演算法反演了遥感蒸散发模型S SEBI中的地表温度参数。选用了ETM+热红外的高增益61波段,对热红外波段反射率较低的植被覆盖研究区进行了地表温度反演,并反演地表温度所需要的几个参数：亮度温度、地表比辐射率、大气透射率。最后得出了研究区域地表温度分布结果：水体地表温度低于植被作物,建筑或道路的地表温度最高。不同地物间地温是不同的,作为蒸散发反演的重要参数,这将影响不同地物蒸散发估算。因此精确反演地表温度,将为今后蒸散发的研究打好基础。     

在植物生长周期内县级区域植被指数的时空演变特征分析

采用１９９１至１９９２年晴空时的ＮＯＡＡ卫星ＡＶＨＲＲ资料，计算甘肃省河东地区６０个县（市）作物和牧草生长周期内标准化差植被指数（ＮＤＶＩ）的平均值和标准差，并逐县绘制其时间演变曲线和直方图。选取以农作物、草地和森林草地混合为主的三类县作对比分析，研究县级区域植被指数时空变化与作物和牧草生育期的关系。分析１９９１至１９９２年度冬小麦生长周期内遇到严重干旱的情况，为干旱监测、估产和区分土地使用类型选择最佳时相提供依据