红外通信在智能人工腿系统中的实现

CIP-I Leg是国内首个智能仿生人工腿原型机;首先讨论了MSP430型单片机和CIP-I Leg的基本结构,然后介绍了该人工腿步速测量系统的设计方案,包括步速调整原理、控制系统结构、针阀开度值的设置方法,最后重点详细地叙述了CIP-I智能仿生人工腿中手持控制系统的软硬件设计,并结合其设计实例,实现了一种用MSP430F149flash型单片机和红外遥控技术实现的近距离无线通信系统,给出了相关电路原理图和程序流程图;实验结果表明,所设计的手持控制系统运行可靠,功耗较小,能够很好地实现预期的功能.     

智能假腿的CMAC控制与实例仿真

针对智能假腿系统模型的非线性与参数的不确定性等系统特性,提出了一种基于小脑模型神经网络控制器(CMAC)的假腿实时智能控制方法。该方法首先根据一种自制的假肢膝关节自适应结构,建立了智能假腿摆动相动力学数学模型,以描述智能假腿膝关节阻尼器控制参数与摆动运动参数之间的直接耦合关系。以此动力学模型为控制对象,设计了一种基于PD-CMAC的假腿系统智能控制器,并进行了实例仿真。仿真结果表明,假腿膝关节可以很快(约在0.5s时间内)跟踪好目标曲线,具有良好的实时性与精度;此外,膝关节阻尼器针阀开口位置与相应的假腿膝关节的角速度变化具有明显的负相关性;可以通过对假腿阻尼器针阀开口位置的调节,达到假腿跟踪健康腿摆动步态的目的。     

智能仿生人工腿位置伺服控制系统的设计

CIP-I Leg是国内首个智能仿生人工腿原型机;针对智能仿生人工腿应能模仿人体健康腿的运动方式且步行速度可自然、随意地跟随截肢者步行速度的变化而变化的显著特点,同时考虑到高精度、低功耗和人工腿内缸体积小3个基本因素,采用TI公司的新型超低功耗微处理器MSP430F149,设计出一种基于非线性PID控制的人工腿位置伺服控制系统的结构;实验结果表明,所设计的伺服控制系统运行可靠,实时性好,功耗低,精度高,可以有效地用于CIP-I Leg的步行走控制.     

智能仿生腿的研究

首先在总结智能假腿发展的基础上，针对其新的发展趋势，引出智能仿生腿的概念和研究内容，并探讨了基于基本步态模式和有限状态机的仿生腿步态规划方法，全功能仿生膝关节的设计和稳定性分析；其次研究了仿生腿的控制以及生物信号在仿生腿中的应用；最后指出了智能仿生腿在信息交互、感知、能源动力等方面的发展动向．     

CIP-I智能仿生人工腿手持控制系统研究与设计

CIP-I Leg是国内首个智能仿生人工腿原型机;首先介绍了CIP-I Leg的基本结构,然后介绍了该人工腿步速测控系统的设计方案,包括步速调整原理、控制系统结构、针阀开度值的设置方法;最后重点详细地介绍了手持控制系统这一人机界面的软硬件设计;与国外同类产品相比在诸多方面进行了改进,使系统运行更可靠,功耗更低,操作更容易;并可使使用者了解到更多关于腿运行状况的即时信息,使用结果表明能够很好地实现预期的功能。     

摩托车磁流变阻尼器的设计研究

磁流变液（Magnetorheological fuild）是一种新型的智能材料，属于可控流体，具有在外加磁场作用下快速可逆地改变流变性能的特点。本文选择剪切阀式作为本文阻尼器的工作模式，对磁流变阻尼器的磁路进行了设计；优化设计了磁流变阻尼器的结构参数，在此基础上，根据理论分析选择阻尼器的结构尺寸，设计制作了单出杆磁流变阻尼器。对本文设计的磁流变阻尼器的特性进行了实验研究，本文的研究结果对于磁流变阻尼器在摩托车悬挂系统中的应用具有较好的参考价值。     

军用履带车辆半主动悬挂系统最优控制研究

将磁流变阻尼器这种智能减振装置应用于履带车辆悬挂系统中，构成了新型的半主动式悬挂系统，研究了磁流变阻尼器的力学特性，建立了1／2车体振动模型，采用基于最优控制理论的半主动控制算法，确定了悬挂系统的最优控制力，并对典型沙土路面激励下，某型军用履带车辆半主动悬挂系统的垂直加速度、垂直位移、角加速度和角位移的响应情况进行了仿真分析，结果表明该控制算法有着很好的减振效果。     

Mechanical design of powered prosthetic leg and walking pattern generation based on motion capture data

In this paper, we describe the design procedure of an above-knee powered prosthetic leg and an algorithm to generate appropriate gait patterns that are synchronized with the movement of the user. The developed prosthetic leg has powered knee and ankle joints for transfemoral amputees, and its weight and dimensions were determined on the basis of human body data. In particular, two degrees of freedom (roll and pitch axes) were adopted in the ankle joint to achieve dynamic balance control on uneven ground, and passive toe joints using a crank-rocker mechanism and torsional springs were attached at the foot to increase the walking stability. In addition, we developed a walking pattern simulator that is able to test the walking patterns of the powered prosthetic leg in the air. By attaching two inertial sensors on both thighs of the user and measuring both thigh motions, the per cent of gait cycle is suitably calculated from the proposed algorithm, and smooth gait motions are generated according to the gait cycle percent. Finally, walking patterns of the powered prosthetic leg were successfully generated by synchronizing to the human gait, and the generated gaits were analyzed by comparing them to the human gait.     

基于MR的船用减振抗冲隔离器试验研究

提出了一种新型的船用减振抗冲隔离器系统。此隔离器由钢丝绳弹簧和磁流变(MR)阻尼器并联组成,应用MR阻尼器的高阻尼和阻尼可控性使该隔离器的力学性质可控,进而实现协调解决船舶设备的低频减振和高频抗冲击问题。在对隔离器抗冲减振性能的研究中,分别采用了数值试验和模型试验方法,并进行了对比分析。研究结果表明:隔离器系统对振动和冲击响应有较好的控制作用,尤其体现在抑制系统共振和控制系统的低频振动上。     

六足仿生机器人机构与控制系统设计

由于六足仿生机器人的足数较多,控制其稳定行走较为复杂,针对控制六足机器人稳定行走的要求,该六足机器人的腿部是参照蚂蚁的腿部结构进行设计,并对其进行建模分析.整个系统在硬件上选取了Arduino、无线模块、显示模块、舵机控制板等;软件上选用Qt Creator在上位机上编程,用于远程遥控六足机器人及观察其行走状态变化;在步态控制上采用了三角步态控制算法.通过设计机械结构、建模分析以及硬件、软件和算法的结合,实现了六足仿生机器人的稳定行走.     

Touch-down and take-off characteristics of the long jump performance of world level above- and below-knee amputee athletes

The aims of this study were to establish the take-off characteristics of long jump performance of disabled amputee athletes, and to establish to what extent amputee athletes conform to a model of performance defined for elite able-bodied athletes. The jumps of 8 male below-knee (trans-tibial) and 8 male above-knee (trans-femoral) amputee athletes who competed in the finals of the long jump at the 1998 World Disabled Championships were recorded in the sagittal plane on video (50 Hz). Approach speed was measured using a laser Doppler system. The best jump for each athlete was digitized, and kinematic data from the key instants of touch-down (TD), maximum knee flexion (MKF) and take-off (TO) were obtained. Amputees demonstrated a lower approach speed and jumped less far than able-bodied athletes although below-knee amputees performed better than above-knee amputees. For each amputee group there was a significant (p < 0.05) linear relationship between approach speed and distance jumped. With the exception of their slower horizontal speed and greater negative vertical speed at touch-down, below-knee amputees demonstrated characteristics of technique that were similar to elite able-bodied long jumpers. Above-knee amputees at touchdown had a more upright trunk, smaller hip and knee angles and consequently a smaller leg angle. This was attributed to the difficulty of taking off on the last stride on the prosthetic limb. Consequently, above-knee amputees were less able to gain vertical velocity during the compression (TD-MKF) phase, but were able to compensate for this by using a greater hip range of motion during the extension (MKF-TO) phase. It was concluded that below-knee amputees displayed the same basic jumping technique as elite able-bodied long jumpers, but above-knee amputees did not. These findings have implications for the training and technical preparation of amputee long jumpers.     

磁流变减振器的主共振研究

采用一种改进的Bingham模型描述磁流变阻尼力,研究了在弹簧变形量较大时,单自由度磁流变系统的主共振.利用平均法得到了系统的一阶近似解,并进行了数值验证.通过研究各种参数对主共振幅频曲线的影响,可以有效地控制系统的主共振.此外,还对该磁流变减振器和普通减振器在主共振时系统的振幅大小等动态参数进行了比较,结果表明磁流变减振器的减振效果较好.     

Touch-down and take-off characteristics of the long jump performance of world level above- and below-knee amputee athletes

The aims of this study were to establish the take-off characteristics of long jump performance of disabled amputee athletes, and to establish to what extent amputee athletes conform to a model of performance defined for elite able-bodied athletes. The jumps of 8 male below-knee (trans-tibial) and 8 male above-knee (trans-femoral) amputee athletes who competed in the finals of the long jump at the 1998 World Disabled Championships were recorded in the sagittal plane on video (50 Hz). Approach speed was measured using a laser Doppler system. The best jump for each athlete was digitized, and kinematic data from the key instants of touch-down (TD), maximum knee flexion (MKF) and take-off (TO) were obtained. Amputees demonstrated a lower approach speed and jumped less far than able-bodied athletes although below-knee amputees performed better than above-knee amputees. For each amputee group there was a significant (p &lt; 0.05) linear relationship between approach speed and distance jumped. With the exception of their slower horizontal speed and greater negative vertical speed at touch-down, below-knee amputees demonstrated characteristics of technique that were similar to elite able-bodied long jumpers. Above-knee amputees at touchdown had a more upright trunk, smaller hip and knee angles and consequently a smaller leg angle. This was attributed to the difficulty of taking off on the last stride on the prosthetic limb. Consequently, above-knee amputees were less able to gain vertical velocity during the compression (TD-MKF) phase, but were able to compensate for this by using a greater hip range of motion during the extension (MKF-TO) phase. It was concluded that below-knee amputees displayed the same basic jumping technique as elite able-bodied long jumpers, but above-knee amputees did not. These findings have implications for the training and technical preparation of amputee long jumpers.     

非线性半主动悬架系统模糊控制策略

为了实现复杂非线性车辆半主动悬架系统的减振控制,对整个系统的动力学特性和磁流变减振器的特性进行分析,得到期望的阻尼力变化趋势,并由此提出一种直接针对减振器电流的新型模糊控制策略.该策略构建了以车身加速度、减振器两端速度差以及悬架动行程作为输入的三维控制结构,并将其简化为二维结构,同时引入减振器的设计思想制定了非对称的模...     

基于PPO算法的仿生鱼循迹智能控制

仿生鱼具有广阔的工程应用前景,对于仿生鱼的控制,首先要解决的是循迹问题.然而,现有的基于CFD方式和传统控制算法的鱼游控制方法存在训练数据获取成本高、控制不稳定等缺点.本文提出了基于PPO算法的仿生鱼循迹智能控制方法:使用代理模型替代CFD方式产生训练数据,提高数据的产生效率;引入高效的PPO算法,加快策略模型的学习速度,提高训练数据的效用;引入速度参数,解决鱼体在急转弯区域无法顺利循迹的问题.实验表明,我们提出的方法在多种类型的路径上均具有更快的收敛速度和更加稳定的控制能力,在仿生机器鱼的智能控制方面具有重要的指导意义.     

仿人智能控制及其在磁流变半主动悬架中的应用

论文讨论了基于图式理论的仿人智能控制理论最新进展及其在磁流变悬架中的应用情况. 首先, 结合图式理论和仿人智能控制理论, 定义一些基于动觉智能图式的仿人智能控制基本概念, 如感知图式、运动图式以及关联图式等. 然后, 给出了仿人智能控制器设计的通用性方法. 接着, 基于通用性的方法, 针对具有非线性、时滞及不确定性的磁流变悬架设计了基于动觉智能图式的仿人智能控制器. 最后, 开展了实车道路试验来验证控制方法的有效性. 试验结果表明,基于动觉智能图式的仿人智能控制理论是解决复杂控制问题的有效途径.     

一种新的双足机器人模型设计与相关研究

针对双足机器人最简模型在行走过程中出现摆动腿足部擦地的问题,提出了一种通过摆动腿膝关节弯曲达到摆动腿缩短的新模型。当摆动腿开始摆动时,摆动腿膝关节弯曲锁定,摆动腿缩短;当摆动腿摆动到最大位置时,膝关节解锁,摆动腿伸直再锁定,此后摆动腿回摆,系统变为直腿模型。采用脚后跟冲击控制,在摆动腿落地前,拖后的支撑腿与地面接触处施加一指向髋关节的瞬时冲击力,冲击力可以减小摆动腿着地时能量的损耗,同时驱动被动机器人向前行走。设计了迭代学习控制算法,找到极限环与不动点,实现不同给定期望步长跟踪的冲击力的计算。仿真结果表明,迭代学习控制可以有效的实现不同期望步长的跟踪,可以很快的找到机器人系统的不动点,通过收敛的相平面,得到稳定的极限环,保证了机器人行走过程稳定。     

基于降阶模型的斜拉索振动的半主动神经网络控制

根据模态降阶理论,获得了斜拉索-阻尼器系统的降阶模型,有效地缩减了系统的自由度.根据ER/MR阻尼器特性和主动控制中LQG控制理论,建立了面向速度剪切的半主动LQG控制方法,并获得了很好的控制效果.本文设计了神经网络的观测器,使用的传感器数目大大减少,根据智能控制理论,设计了神经网络控制器,并提出采用该神经网络作斜拉索半主动控制的控制算法.振动仿真的结果表明,经过离线训练后的神经网络观测器和控制器,有效地抑制了斜拉索的振动.     

车辆座椅减振系统中可控磁流液阻尼器的性能测试研究

半主动可控磁流液阻尼器是国际上新近研发的新一代智能振动抑制驱动器件，本文主要介绍对其进行性能测试研究的MTS实验系统及有关研究成果。该实验系统由液压反馈激振器、数据采集和处理计算机单元、传感器等软硬件组成，能实时在线显示阻尼器运动的相对位移、速度和所产生的阻尼力等时间响应信号，以及表征阻尼器基本特性的阻尼力对相对速度关系曲线。实验结果表明该智能驱动器件表现出典型的滞回非线性特性，并通过对大范围控制电流和大范围频率和幅度单谐波信号激励下的实验数据的分析，系统地描述了该新一代半主动可控智能驱动器件的主要性能特点。     

Fractional Modeling and Analysis of Coupled MR Damping System

The coupled magnetorheological (MR) damping system addressed in this paper contains rubber spring and magnetorheological damper. The device inherits the damping merits of both the rubber spring and the magnetorheological damper. Here a fractional-order constitutive equation is introduced to study the viscoelasticity of the combined damper. An introduction to the definitions of fractional calculus, and the transfer function representation of a fractional-order system are given. The fractional-order system model of a magnetorheological vibration platform is set up using fractional calculus, and the function of displacement is presented. It is indicated that the fractional-order constitutive equation and the transfer function are feasible and effective means for investigating of magnetorheological vibration device.