基于语义短语的空间金字塔词袋模型图像分类方法

针对空间金字塔词袋模型缺少对局部特征之间语义分布关系的表达,提出了一种基于语义短语的空间金字塔词袋模型图像表示方法.首先,将局部特征映射为具有一定语义信息的视觉单词,通过统计局部特征邻域范围内其他相关特征点的语义分布情况来构造语义短语.其次,将语义短语采用稀疏编码进行量化生成语义词典,图像则表示成基于语义词典的空间金字塔式稀疏统计直方图向量.最后,将图像表示向量代入分类器中进行训练和测试.实验结果表明,本文方法能够较大幅度地提高图像分类的准确率.     

三角形约束下的词袋模型图像分类方法

视觉词袋模型广泛地应用于图像分类与图像检索等领域.在传统词袋模型中,视觉单词统计方法忽略了视觉词之间的空间信息以及分类对象形状信息,导致图像特征表示区分能力不足.本文提出了一种改进的视觉词袋方法,结合显著区域提取和视觉单词拓扑结构,不仅能够产生更具代表性的视觉单词,而且能够在一定程度上避免复杂背景信息和位置变化带来的干扰.首先,通过对训练图像进行显著区域提取,在得到的显著区域上构建视觉词袋模型.其次,为了更精确的描述图像的特征,抵抗多变的位置和背景信息的影响,该方法采用视觉单词拓扑结构策略和三角剖分方法,融入全局信息和局部信息.通过仿真实验,并与传统的词袋模型及其他模型进行比较,结果表明本文提出的方法获得了更高的分类准确率.     

包空间多示例图像自动分类

为了有效地解决多示例图像自动分类问题,提出一种将多示例图像转化为包空间的单示例描述方法.该方法将图像视为包,图像中的区域视为包中的示例,根据具有相同视觉区域的样本都会聚集成一簇,用聚类算法为每类图像确定其特有的“视觉词汇”,并利用负包示例标注确定的这一信息指导典型“视觉词汇”的选择;然后根据得到的“视觉词汇”构造一个新的空间—包空间,利用基于视觉词汇定义的非线性函数将多个示例描述的图像映射到包空间的一个点,变为单示例描述;最后利用标准的支持向量机进行监督学习,实现图像自动分类.在Corel图像库的图像数据集上进行对比实验,实验结果表明该算法具有良好的图像分类性能.     

基于显著区域的图像自动标注*

为了提高图像自动标注的准确率,提出了一种基于图像显著区域的自动标注方法。首先提取图像的显著区域,然后提取图像的SIFT特征,利用K-均值聚类得到视觉词汇,并根据训练图像的SIFT特征是否位于显著区域进行不同的加权运算得到视觉词汇的词袋表示,最后利用支持向量机训练分类模型实现图像分类和标注。在一个包含1 255幅Corel图像的数据库进行实验,所提方法标注的准确率与整体考虑整幅图像特征相比有很大提高,表明提出的算法优于传统方法。     

一种用于图像分类的多视觉短语学习方法

针对词袋图像表示模型的语义区分性和描述能力有限的问题,以及由于传统的基于词袋模型的分类方法性能容易受到图像中背景、遮挡等因素影响的问题,本文提出了一种用于图像分类的多视觉短语学习方法.通过构建具有语义区分性和空间相关性的视觉短语取代视觉单词,以改善图像的词袋模型表示的准确性.在此基础上,结合多示例学习思想,提出一种多视觉短语学习方法,使最终的分类模型能反映图像类别的区域特性.在一些标准测试集合如Calrech-101[1]和Scene-15[2]上的实验结果验证了本文所提方法的有效性,分类性能分别相对提高了约9％和7％.     

基于Bag-of-phrases的图像表示方法

在过去的几年,将图像内容表示为特定"视觉词"出现次数直方图的Bag-of-words模型,展示了其在图像内容分类方面的强大优势.然而,在这种统计特定"视觉词"出现次数直方图的模型中,"视觉词"之间的相互位置关系几乎被完全丢弃了.本文从分析Bag-of-words模型在文本分类和图像内容分类领域的对应关系的角度出发,提出一种加入"视觉词"之间的相互位置关系的图像表示方法—Bag-of-phrases模型.在标准数据集上验证了该图像表示方法对图像内容分类性能的影响.实验结果显示,本文提出的方法相对于传统的Bag-of-words模型可以达到更好的分类性能.     

采用上下文金字塔特征的场景分类

为了能有效地表述场景图像的语义特性,提出一种基于图像块上下文信息的场景图像分类框架.首先用规则网格将图像分块,并提取每个块的SIFT特征;然后用K均值算法对训练图像的块特征聚类,形成块类型的码本;再根据此码本对图像块进行量化,得到图像的视觉词汇表示,形成视觉词汇图,并在其上建立2类视觉词汇模型:相邻共现的不同视觉词汇对模型和连续共现的相同视觉词汇群模型;最后应用空间金字塔匹配建立视觉词汇的上下文金字塔特征,并采用SVM分类器进行分类.实验结果证明,在常用的场景图像库上,文中方法比已有的典型方法具有更好的场景分类性能.     

基于多方向空间词袋模型的物体识别

针对词袋模型完全忽略空间位置信息的问题,提出了一种多方向空间词袋模型的物体识别方法。该算法通过空间金字塔划分,形成图像的空间子区域特征表达;分别在水平、垂直和倾斜[±45°]上对图像局部特征向量进行投影,得到图像在多方向上的空间结构信息;采用样本视觉词典方法,既减少了不同物体类别样本带来的冗余影响,又降低了特征维数。在Caltech101和Caltech256物体库上进行了对比实验,实验结果验证了算法的有效性。     

超像素词包模型与SVM分类的图像标注

为了改善基于词包模型与支持向量机(SVM)分类一幅图对应一个标签的单标签分类问题,提出了一种基于超像素词包模型与SVM分类的图像标注算法.将超像素分割结果作为词包模型的基本单元,用词包模型生成的视觉词汇表示超像素区域特征,保留了图像中的同质区域,很好地利用了图像的区域特征.仿真结果表明,该方法能有效改善基于词包模型与SVM分类的单标签分类问题,且分类的准确性有所提高.     

基于空间上下文加权词汇树的图像检索方法

基于词汇树的词袋模型(Bag-of-Words)表示算法是目前图像检索领域中的主流算法.针对传统词汇树方法中空间上下文信息缺失的问题,提出一种基于空间上下文加权词汇树的图像检索方法.该方法在词汇树框架下,首先生成SIFT点的空间上下文信息描述.然后利用SIFT点间的空间上下文相似度对SIFT间的匹配得分进行加权,得到图像间的相似度.最后,通过相似度排序完成图像检索.实验结果表明,该方法能够大幅度提高图像检索的性能,同时,对大规模图像库有较好的适用性.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.     

The Distributed Time-Triggered Simulation Scheme: Core Principles and Supporting Execution Engine

Distributed real-time simulation is a young technology field but its practice is under increasing demands. In recent years the author and his collaborators have been establishing a new approach called the distributed time-triggered simulation (DTS) scheme which is conceptually simple and easy to use but widely applicable. The concept was initiated in the course of developing a new-generation object-oriented real-time programming scheme called the time-triggered message-triggered object (TMO) programming scheme. Some fundamental issues inherent in distributed real-time simulation that were learned during recent experimental studies are discussed along with some approaches for resolving the issues. An execution engine developed to support both the TMOs engaged in control computation and the TMOs engaged in DTS is also discussed along with its possible extensions that will enable significantly larger-scale DTSs.     

Software-Konfigurationsmanagement in großen Softwareprojekten

Zusammenfassung Mit zunehmender Größe der Softwaresysteme verschärfen sich die für die Software-Herstellung typischen Probleme: Beherrschen großer Objektmengen, Erhalten der Systemkonsistenz, Kontrolle der ständigen Änderungseinflüsse und Gewährleisten einer langen Lebensdauer. Die Disziplin Konfigurationsmanagement bildet den methodischen Ansatz, diese Probleme besser zu beherrschen. Software-Konfigurationsmanagement faßt die Herstellung von Softwaresystemen als eine Abfolge von kontrollierten Änderungen an gesicherten Zwischen- und Endergebnissen auf. Dargestellt werden die Objekte und Funktionen des Software-Konfigurationsmanagements sowie die hierfür in großen Software-Projekten benötigten Methoden, Instanzen und Hilfsmittel.     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and     

Editorial:Brain-machine interface(BMI) and cyborg intelligence

正Brain-machine interfaces(BMIs)aim at building a direct communication pathway between the brain and an external device,and represent an area of research where significant progress has been made during the past decade.Based on BMIs,mind information can be read out by neural signals to control     

Information for Authors

正http://www.zju.edu.cn/jzus http://www.springerlink.com Aim The Journals of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE(A/B/C)are edited by the international board of distinguished Chinese and foreign scientists,and are aimed to present the latest developments and achievements in scientific research in China and overseas to the world’s scientific circles,especially to stimulate     

SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 57(2014)

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