衰落信道下提高协作频谱感知能力的方法

由于协作频谱感知能够更准确地确定主用户的存在与否,因此,它被认为是认知无线电技术中的一个重要研究分支.在协作频谱感知中,各认知用户需要通过报告信道发送其本地判决结果(0或1)到融合中心(FC).然而,在实际中,报告信道通常受衰落的影响,这将降低频谱感知的检测性能.针对这个问题,首先,文中提出一种基于认知用户选择的协作频谱感知算法.该算法通过减小由衰落信道引入的误码概率来提高协作频谱感知的检测性能.其基本思想为:只有具有较好瞬时信道增益报告信道的认知用户才将其本地二进制判决结果发送到FC,否则,该认知用户不发送其本地检测结果到FC.其次,提出一种基于空时编码的协作频谱感知方法.通过在CR网络中,利用空间分集增益来降低由衰落型报告信道引入的误码概率,从而提高检测性能.最后,对提出的这两种协作频谱感知方法的检测性能进行理论分析研究,并对其进行数值仿真.仿真结果表明:相比于传统的协作频谱感知,本文提出的这两种协作频谱感知算法都能提高对主用户的检测性能.     

基于能耗的分簇频谱感知方法

在协作频谱感知中,当信道经历衰落和阴影时,各用户的感知性能会有不同程度影响,某些受影响严重的次用户甚至可能会严重影响到整个感知网络的性能.同时参与协作的用户数越多,认知传感器网络面临的问题越大.为了解决这些问题,提出了一种基于能耗的分簇协作感知算法.该算法引入基于节点能量的LEACH分簇算法,将认知传感器网络中的各个节点按该分簇算法分入若干簇内;在每个簇内,构造了同时考虑检测性能和能量消耗的效用函数,基于该效用函数对最佳协作用户数和用户进行选择,使每个簇内的检测性能和能耗达到很好的折中;在汇聚节点运用OR规则将簇头发送过来的感知信息进行融合,得到最终判决结果.仿真结果表明,该基于能耗的分簇协作频谱感知算法可以有效地延长认知传感器网络的生存时间,节省网络的能耗,并且保证良好的检测性能.     

混合模式下认知无线电网络的能效优化算法

认知无线电网络中,协作频谱感知利用多个节点同时感知可提高频谱感知检测性能。然而随着感知的次用户(SU)个数增加,导致能耗增高、能效(EE)降低。为解决这一问题,本文结合机会频谱接入和衬垫式频谱共享2种共享模式,构造基于混合频谱共享模式的能效模型,同时考虑3种不同的融合规则、主用户(PU)的再占据概率和报告信道误差,以最大化SU系统的EE为目标,使用拉格朗日乘子法与次梯度下降算法对感知时间、参与感知个数、次用户发射功率进行迭代优化求解。仿真结果表明,在最低服务质量要求(QoS)和发射功率的约束下,该能效优化算法能够实现更高的吞吐量和更高的能量效率。     

非理想报告信道下协作频谱感知研究及性能分析

分析了理想报告信道下协作频谱感知性能,提出了基于改进的能量检测的协作频谱感知方案。改进的能量检测器通过对接收信号样本取任意正数p次方的和作为检测统计量,每一个认知用户将本地检测结果发送到数据融合中心,数据融合中心采用OR准则最终判断授权用户信号是否出现。针对非理想报告信道情况,推导了误检概率最小下参与协作的认知用户个数,并数值仿真得到了误检概率最小下的p值。数值仿真结果也表明协作频谱检测概率在低信噪比情况下随着p值的增大而提高。     

基于节点识别的协作频谱检测算法

在认知无线网络协作频谱感知过程中,感知节点所处的恶劣信道环境会导致本地频谱检测结果发生偏差,有时一些故障节点或恶意节点发送的误导信息来干扰认证网络融合中心的全局判决.根据认知网络感知节点的历史感知信息,将感知节点分为可信节点、不可信节点和故障或恶意节点,提出了一种基于节点识别的协作频谱检测算法.在该算法中,融合中心舍弃故障或恶意节点,使其不得参与数据融合,同时也不考虑不可信节点当前发送的本地检测结果.这样,一方面消除了故障或恶意节点对全局频谱判决的影响,另一方面降低了融合中心计算复杂度.仿真结果表明,该算法能有效克服故障或恶意节点的干扰,提高认证网络协作频谱检测性能.     

基于位置预测的认知车联网协作频谱感知算法

针对认知车联网中由地形起伏或密集城市结构而引起的频谱感知性能低、延时大等问题,提出了一种基于位置预测的协作频谱感知算法。首先,采用能量检测法进行本地频谱感知,通过将次用户接收到的信号能量大小和预先设定的阈值进行比较,初步判定频谱是否被主用户占用。然后,利用认知车联网中车辆位置预测技术,计算车辆位置和信道状态信息,并据此设置置信值,删除置信值低的次用户。最后,在融合中心采用加入置信值的似然比融合规则得到最终判决结果。仿真结果表明,与传统算法相比,所提算法能有效提高频谱感知性能并缩短感知时间,尤其适用于对实时性要求较高的车联网系统。     

基于Agent的协作频谱感知算法

为了提高认知无线电频谱感知技术的性能, 提出一种新的基于Agent的协作频谱感知算法。该算法在本地检测中使用多门限能量检测,同时将认知节点估计的信噪比的值发送到Agent控制中心,在控制中心根据每一个认知节点发送的信噪比的值和该节点与发射机的距离进行权衡,选取可靠性和有效性较高的认知节点参与判决融合。仿真结果表明,该算法能够很好地提高认知无线电网络的协作频谱感知能力,同时在一定程度上减少了原有协作感知算法中参与感知节点的数目。     

基于动态阈值的可信度加权协作频谱感知

为了提升受阴影衰落等因素影响下的协作频谱感知性能, 采取了一种改进的基于动态阈值和可信度相结合的协作频谱感知方法。该方法利用各认知用户的检测信噪比对检测可信度较低的认知用户进行过滤, 各认知用户根据检测信噪比设定一个适合自身的动态阈值进行能量感知, 融合中心结合各单节点感知结果和分配的传输可信度作出最终判决。仿真结果表明, 在检测信道和传输信道均受到阴影衰落等因素严重影响下, 与单纯的动态阈值协作感知和传统的可信任度协作感知方法相比, 该方法能获得较高的检测概率。     

基于信道预测的认知无线电混合频谱切换算法

针对认知无线电网络,提出了一种将被动式频谱切换与主动式频谱切换相结合的混合频谱切换算法。该算法基于主用户信道的连续时间马尔可夫链模型,预测出信道的未来状态信息,根据该预测结果周期性地对正在通信的认知用户执行主动式频谱切换。该算法对于由于碰撞而退出信道的认知用户执行被动式频谱切换。仿真结果表明,相对于被动频谱切换算法,混合频谱切换算法在保持认知用户阻塞概率和中断概率不变的前提下可显著减少认知用户和主用户间的碰撞次数,能够提高认知无线电网络的频谱利用率。     

无线认知网络中的选择触发协作频谱感知

在无线认知网络中,常规协作频谱感知算法用于增强频谱感知的准确性,但是该算法增加了通信成本以及认知用户的能量消耗。为此,提出一种选择触发协作频谱感知算法(STCSS)。该算法基于当前频谱感知能量阈值判定是否触发二次协作频谱感知,使得协作频谱感知仅在必要时被触发从而降低能量消耗与通信成本。仿真结果表明,对比协作频谱感知算法与精细快速感知算法,STCSS算法可提高检测概率,减少能量消耗以及通信成本。     

Call for Papers The 6^th International Conference on Grid and Cooperative Computing

Recent years have seen rapid advances in various grid-related technologies, middleware, and applications. The GCC conference has become one of the largest scientific events worldwide in grid and cooperative computing. The 6th international conference on grid and cooperative computing (GCC2007) Sponsored by China Computer Federation (CCF),Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ICT) and Xinjiang University ,and in Cooperation with IEEE Computer Soceity ,is to be held from August 16 to 18, 2007 in Urumchi, Xinjiang, China.     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

法律信息库系统

本文分析了法律数据库的结构和特点，介绍了采用面向对象设计方法和超文本数据库技术开发和实现法律信息库系统将作为重要网络资源之一为不同用户进行法律咨询服务。     

View-based model-driven architecture for enhancing maintainability of data access services

In modern service-oriented architectures, database access is done by a special type of services, the so-called data access services (DAS). Though, particularly in data-intensive applications, using and developing DAS are very common today, the link between the DAS and their implementation, e.g. a layer of data access objects (DAOs) encapsulating the database queries, still is not sufficiently elaborated, yet. As a result, as the number of DAS grows, finding the desired DAS for reuse and/or associated documentation can become an impossible task. In this paper we focus on bridging this gap between the DAS and their implementation by presenting a view-based, model-driven data access architecture (VMDA) managing models of the DAS, DAOs and database queries in a queryable manner. Our models support tailored views of different stakeholders and are scalable with all types of DAS implementations. In this paper we show that our view-based and model driven architecture approach can enhance software development productivity and maintainability by improving DAS documentation. Moreover, our VMDA opens a wide range of applications such as evaluating DAS usage for DAS performance optimization. Furthermore, we provide tool support and illustrate the applicability of our VMDA in a large-scale case study. Finally, we quantitatively prove that our approach performs with acceptable response times.     

International Journal of Automation and Computing Table of Contents

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Information for authors

正SCIENCE CHINA Information Sciences(Sci China Inf Sci),cosponsored by the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the National Natural Science Foundation of China,and published by Science China Press,is committed to publishing highquality,original results of both basic and applied research in all areas of information sciences,including computer science and technology;systems science,control science and engineering(published in Issues with odd numbers);information and communication engineering;electronic science and technology(published in Issues with even numbers).Sci China Inf Sci is published monthly in both print and electronic forms.It is indexed by Academic OneFile,Astrophysics Data System(ADS),CSA,Cabells,Current Contents/Engineering,Computing and Technology,DBLP,Digital Mathematics Registry,Earthquake Engineering Abstracts,Engineering Index,Engineered Materials Abstracts,Gale,Google,INSPEC,Journal Citation Reports/Science Edition,Mathematical Reviews,OCLC,ProQuest,SCOPUS,Science Citation Index Expanded,Summon by Serial Solutions,VINITI,Zentralblatt MATH.     

Erratum to: Fast global kernel fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm for consonant/vowel segmentation of speech signal

正Erratum to:J Zhejiang Univ-Sci C(ComputElectron)2014 15(7):551-563doi:10.1631/jzus.C1300320The original version of this article unfortunately contained mistakes.Algorithm 6 should be as follows:Algorithm 6 FGKFCM-F clustering Input:(1)X={x_1,x_2,…,x_N},,x_iR~d,i=1,2,…,N,the dataset;(2)C,1C≤N,the number of clusters;(3)ε0,the stopping criterion;     

Journal of Zhejiang University-SCIENCE C (Computers & Electronics) Total contents

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A pragmatic multi-method investigation of discrepant technological events: Coping,attributions, and ‘accidental’ learning

Discrepant technological events or situations that entail a problem, a misunderstanding or a difficulty with the Information Technology (IT) being employed, are common in the workplace, and can lead to frustration and avoidance behaviors. Little is known, however, about how individuals cope with these events. This paper examines these events by using a multi-method pragmatic approach informed by coping theory. The results of two studies – a critical incident study and an experiment – serve to build and test, respectively, a theoretical model that posits that individuals use a variety of strategies when dealing with these events: they experience negative emotions, make external attributions, and adopt engagement coping strategies directed at solving the event, eventually switching to a disengagement coping strategy when they feel they have no control over the situation. Furthermore, users’ efforts may result in ‘accidental’ learning as they try to overcome the discrepant IT events through engagement coping. The paper ends with a discussion of the results in light of existing literature, future opportunities for research, and implications for practice.